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JACOBI GRACE, KILKENNIENSIS,
ANNALES HIBERNI^E.
EDITED, WITH A TRANSLATION AND NOTES,
BY THE
REV. RICHARD BUTLER, M.R.I.A.
DUBLIN: FOR THE IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
MDCCCXLII.
DA
G?
DUBLIN :
PKINTED AT TH£ UNIVEUSITV PHESS UY GHAISBEKKY AND GILL.
IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
patron : HIS EXCELLENCY THE LORD LIEUTENANT OF IRELAND.
His GRACE THE DUKE OF LEINSTER.
Council : Elected May, 1841.
THE EARL OF LEITRIM.
THE VISCOUNT ADARE, M. P.
LORD FITZGERALD AND VESCI.
LORD GEORGE HILL.
REV. JAMES H. TODD, D. D., Secretary.
REV. RICHARD BUTLER, A. B.
JOHN SMITH FURLONG, ESQ., Q. C., Treasurer.
JAMES MAC CULLAGH, ESQ., LL. D.
AQUILLA SMITH, ESQ., M. D.
JOSEPH HUBAND SMITH, ESQ., A. M.
GEORGE PETRIE, ESQ., R. H. A.
EDWARD CANE, ESQ.
A2
INTRODUCTION.
following Annals are printed from a MS. formerly belongmg to Archbishop Ussher, and now in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin (E. 3, 20). From the year 1 162 to the year 1370 inclusive, they agree in substance with the " Annales Hibernige" published by Camden in the Britannia (Lond. fol. 1607), which are generally ascribed to Christopher Pembridge, who lived in the fourteenth century ; but the occasional discrepancy in their contents, and the constant difference in their language, suggest the probability, that they were both compiled from some common original.
Of James Grace, the supposed author of these Annals, Sir James Ware has not given any account in his " Writers of Ireland," nor has Archbishop Nicolson in his "Irish Historical Library" made mention of him, although Dr. Hanmer, who compiled his Chronicle in 1571, has occasionally quoted "Grace" from the year 1205 to the year 1252. The best evidence which can now be given for attributing these Annals to Grace is derived from the title prefixed to them, which, although in a hand more modern than the MS. itself, appears to have had the sanction of Archbishop Ussher, in whose autograph the name of " James Grace" is written over the title.
Of Grace himself we know only that he was a native of Kilkenny, and it is probable that he compiled these Annals between the years
'537
VL
1537 and 1539. — (See note q, p. 162). In the Memoirs of the Grace Family, he is said to have belonged to the Priory of St. John, in Kil- kenny, and to have been Prior elect when he fell a victim to the plague. — Note, p. 4. From a rude pen and ink sketch of a coat of arms on the last page of the MS. it may be presumed that he belonged to the family of Grace of Gracefield, in the County Kilkenny, a branch of the ancient family of the Graces, Barons of Courtstown, the de- scendants of Raymond le Gros, who came to this country in the reign of Henry the Second.
These Annals, which are now first printed, were selected for pub- lication, for the purpose of carrying into effect one of the chief objects of the Irish Archaeological Society, by placing before its members authentic copies of the records of Irish history, and by thus enabling future inquirers into the history and antiquities of Ireland to consult with perfect freedom some sources of information which have hitherto been accessible only under the restraints necessarily imposed on the readers of MSS. in public libraries.
The text corresponds in every respect with the MS. except that the contractions have generally been supplied by words at length. Every sheet as it went through the press was carefully collated with the original by Dr. Aquilla Smith ; whatever emendations have been admitted into the text are included between brackets, but these are few in number, as it was deemed useless to encumber the pages with alterations, most of which are sufficiently obvious, more especially as the reading preferred by the Editor can always be discovered from the accompanying literal translation ; the deficiencies of the text are indicated in the translation by being printed in Italics.
The more important errors are explained in the notes, in prepar- ing which the Editor has not had the advantage of consulting any unpublished authorities, but it is hoped that the references to the do- cuments printed by Rymer, and in the Calendar of the Chancery Rolls
of
Vll
of Ireland, as confirming, explaining, or contradicting the statements of the annalist, and occasionally as supplying some of his omissions, will not be considered altogether useless.
The MS., which is on paper, consists of thirty-eight small folio pages, all, except one, written in the same hand. The regular Annals termi- nate at 1370, from which date the entries consist chiefly of the Obits of the Lacys and Burkes from 13 26 to 1515, and although in the same hand, and written with ink of the same colour with the Annals, and carried on on the same page, they are entered in a very confused man- ner ; these are followed by the Obits of the Butlers in chronological order, which are succeeded by the Obits of the Geraldines, in a dif- ferent hand, and paler ink. The last leaf of the MS., which has been misplaced in the binding, gives some account of the Lord Leonard Gray, Lord Deputy in 1535, and has been restored to its proper chro- nological place in the printed text.
The reader is requested to correct note q, p 29, in which the com- piler of these Annals is accused of having been mistaken in asserting that Hubert de Burgh was Justiciary of Ireland in 1230. In this case the mistake was made by the Editor, as it appears from Rot. Pat. 1 6 Hen. III. in Tur. Lond. ; and also from the Book of Howth, as quoted by Hanmer, that Hubert de Burgh was Lord Justice of Ire- land in 1230.
From many friends the Editor has received much assistance, but as this assistance cannot be specified in every instance, their names are omitted, lest they should be thought responsible for the mistakes of the Editor ; he cannot, however, forbear acknowledging, that for the most important notices of Irish topography he is indebted to the kindness of Mr. John O'Donovan.
R. B.
May 24th, 1842.
ANNALS
ANNALS OF IRELAND.
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. B JACOBI
JACOBI GRACE KILKENNIENSIS
ANNALES HIBERNI^E.
f/, N fabulis esta Ca3sarea- [ ]
animadvertentem, in Hibemiam pri-[ ]
applicuisse, tribus solummodo vir-[ ]
solam regionem (cum inhabitata et [ ]
divini illo ob hominum scelera [ ].
Secundo. In Hyberniam appulit Partholcndusb quidam, ex Japheti posteris unus, post diluvium 300 annis, cum 30 navibus. Quo cum 3. ejus filii una venere, quorum propago 300 [annos] duravit, increveratque in 10,000 virorum ad arma portanda aptorum numerum. Hie bellum cum Gigan- tibus fuit, quos cum deleverant, ex infectione aeris ( . . . cadaveribus corrupto) et ipsi perierunt, uno solummodo superstite Ruano nomine, quern mille post annos vixisse ferunt, usque ad tempora Sancti Patricii, eidemque temporum suorum historiam enarravisse.
Tertio. Munethusc, filius Sithia3, e Grsecia cum quatuor filiis et ingenti classe
hue
a In fabulis est. — This introduction agrees .substantially with the account of the various colonies of Ireland which is given by Giraldus Cambrensis, Topographia Hiberniae, Tertia Distinctio, Cap. i., and is evidently taken, with some variation in the names, from the same authority. The defective passages have been supplied in the translation from the parallel places of Giraldus.
h Partholendus — The names of the leaders
of these several colonies are given with va- rious differences by Giraldus, by the Four Masters, and by Keating. The Partholendus of Grace is the Bartholanus of Giraldus, the Partholanus of the Four Masters, and of Keating, and in many of the other names there is a still greater variation.
c Munethus Generally called Nemethus
by the Latin writers, and Nemedh by those who wrote in the vernacular Irish. The
THE ANNALS OF IRELAND.
BY JAMES GRACE, OF KILKENNY.
is said in fabulous histories, that Csesarea, a Niece of Noah, aware of the coming of the Flood, sailed for Ireland and was the first person who landed there ; she was accom- panied by three men only, and she hoped that this land alone, seeing it was uninhabited and waste, would be saved from the divine judgment which the sins of men were bring- ing on the rest of the world. Secondly. Three hundred years after the flood, a certain Partholendus, one of the posterity of Japhet, landed in Ireland with thirty ships. With him came his three sons, whose descendants lasted for three hundred years, and had grown to the number of ten thousand men fit for bearing arms. Here there was war with the Giants, whom they destroyed ; but from the infection of the air (corrupted by the unburied bodies of the Giants), they also died, one alone surviving of the name of Ruan, who, they say, lived to the time of St. Patrick, a thousand years after, and narrated to him the history of his times.
Thirdly. Munethus, son of Sithia, came hither from Greece with his four
learned and candid Dr. C. O'Conor gives the colonists of Ireland, and his opinion of them, in the following words :
" Commentitia quaedam traduntur . . . de Partholano, nescio quo, primam coloniam du- cente in Hiberniam, et postea de Nemetho qui aliam deduxit, circa tempora, ut aiunt
sons
Patriarchee Jacobi. His coloniis tertia subse- quta est Firbolgorum, i. e. Belgarum, qui ex australi Britannia Hiberniam pervenere ... Fir- bolgos excepere Tuatha-Dee-Danann populus Dedanorum . . . qui, Belgis in praelio Moytura devictis, quartam in Hibernia coloniam, duce quodam Nuadho, induxerunt. Denique post
hue venit, cujus poster! cum 200 annos regionem incoluerant, postremo maxima peste infestati, relicta vacua Hibernia in patriam remcarunt.
4°. 5. duces Germanid e familia Munethi (ut fertur) filiique Diolas hanc regionem occuparunt. Horum nomina fuere Gandias, Gennadius, Sangandius, Ruthargus, et Slamabus, qui universam regionem in quinque partes6 distri- buerunt, quarum unaquaque certas habitaciones centenarias (quas Canthredas vocant) continet. Momomia, videlicet Mownister, 70 habet: Ultonia, id est, Ulster, 35 : Laginia, id est, Lenister, 3 1 : Connacia, id est, Connaghth, 30 : Metha, 1 8. Harum Canthedrarum unaquaque, 30 oppida in se habet, quarum singula bourn 300 pascua habent, qui in 4 armenta divisa satis ad pascendum loci habere possunt, unumquodque etiam oppidum octo aratrorum solum habent.
Numerantur igitur Canthredrasf. 183. [184] oppida 5520. Arationes aulem 24180 [44160] Boves, 1656,000.
His temporibus Hibernia Scotiaeg nomen habuit, et incolae Scoti dicti sunt, lingua eorum Gelica, a Geledo quodam.
Milonis regis cujusdam 4 filii, cum 60 navibus in Hyberniam appulerunt, horum duo majores Hiberus et Heremon regionem universam in duas diviserunt partes, quarum septentrionem occupavit Hiberus, Hermon australem. Ab hoc Hibero regio, Scotia major antedicta, Hiberniae nomen suscepit. [ ]
[ ] dissidio, Hiberus in [ ]
[ ] Heremoni j union cessit, qui primus
[ ]-us est.
[ ]-ricanush, post mortem divi Patricii
60
tempora Salomonis, . . . Scoti ex Hispania in pp. xxv, xxvi. See also Proleg., pp. xliii, xliv.
Hiberniam (quinta Colonia) pervenisse in * Germani — Perhaps Germani should be
omnibus nostris annalibus et fragmentis translated Germans. This was the Belgic or
metricis constant! traditione celebrantur. Firbolg colony.
De quatuor primis coloniis omnia incerta e In quinque partes. — The five more ancient
sunt. Quantum per spissas tot sseculorum divisions were Leinster, Desmond, Thomond,
tenebras discurrere licet, Britannicas fuisse Connaught, and Ulster. For these divisions
et prfEsertim ex Cornubia deductas, et quid- see O' Conor, Prol. pp. Iviii, lix, and Bib.
quid certi de Damnoniorum, Belgarum, Ms- Stowens; Vol. I. p. 146.
napiorum, et Brigantum Magnae Britannise, f CanthredrcB. — Dicitur Cantaredus com-
origine statuatur, id Danannis, Firbolgis, Me- posito ex vulgari vocabulo tarn Brytannica
napiis et Brigantibus Hiberniae commune quam Hibernica lingua, tanta terrse portio,
fuisse existimo." — O' Conor, Prolegomena, quanta 100 villas continere solet. Top. Hib.
sons and a large fleet. His posterity, after they had dwelt in the country for two hundred years, being attacked by a great plague, left Ireland empty, and returned to their own country.
Fourthly. Five brother chiefs, of the family of Munethus (as is reported), and sons of Diola, occupied the country. Their names were Gandias, Gennadius, Sangandius, Ruthargus, and Slamabus, and they divided the whole country into five parts, of which each contains certain centenary habitations, which they call cantreds. Momomia, to wit Munster, has 70: Ultonia, to wit Ulster, 35: Laginia, to wit Leinster, 3 1 : Connacia, to wit Connaught, 30 : Meath 18. Each of these cantreds contains thirty towns, and every town has pasture for three hundred oxen, which, if divided into four herds, each of them will have space enough for pasture ; every town has also ground for eight ploughs.
There are reckoned, therefore, cantreds, 184; towns, 5520; ploughlands, 44,160; cattle, 1,656,000.
In those times Ireland had the name of Scotia, and the inhabitants were called Scots ; their language was called Gelic, from a certain Geledus.
Fifthly. The four sons of a certain King Milesius, with sixty ships, came to Ireland ; of whom the two eldest, Hiber and Heremon, divided the whole country into two parts ; Hiber occupied the north and Heremon the south. From this Hiber, the country, which was before called Scotia Major, received the name of Hibernia. There ivas afterwards discord between Hiber and Heremon, and Hiber was killed in battle, and the victory fell to Heremon, the younger bro- ther, who icas called the first monarch of Ireland.
Sixthly. An African came to Ireland sixty years after the death of St. Patrick,
in
Tertia Distinct! o, Cap. v. In the time of Gurmundus or Turgesius was an African, which Giraldus, Ireland was computed to contain Giraldus (Top. Hib.Tert.Dist. c. 39) thought 176 cantreds, 32 in each of the five divisions, unlikely, is easily traced. The Northern tribes and 16 in Meath. Grace's enumeration of the who infested Ireland from the eighth century cantreds of Ireland agrees with that given were called, either from their dress or from their by Ware (Antiq., p. 30) from the Book of complexion, Fingals and Dubhgals, that is the Multifernan. See also Harris's Ware, Antiq,, whiteandthe black strangers. Turgesius was p. 225, and O'Conor's note to the Annals of probably a Dubhgal, which was translated into Ulster, p. 370, and Bib. Stowens. Vol. I. p. 92. Latin Niger, and as he was thus stated to be
6 Scotia: — Usserii Primordia, p. 734 et se- a black, he must have been, in the opinion of quent. the Chronicler, an African, and thus to bad
hAfricanus — The origin of the report that logic, the source of many such mistakes, we
60 annos [ ]-retici regis Anglise, post Arthurum
41. Hyberniam su[ ]avit, exercitus prefecto Gergesii1, et auxiliaribus Nor- vegis, diuque earn tenuit.
7°. " 3 Brytherne3 of Isterige, of the partes Almayne, the emipe of Tetonius and Lumbardy, that is to say," Anlavusk, Citaragus, and Ivorus. quia vi non potuerunt, sub specie mercatorum donis reges Hybernise captantes, regionum [regionem] invaserunt, obtentaque ab iis licentia, urbes condiderunt. Anlavus Dublinum, quod Osmaton ab Osmanis, gente quadam Norvegica, quae cum Anlavo erat ; Citeracus Waterfordiam condidit ; Ivorus Limericum ; multaque alia castella et urbes, atque ita ejectis Hibernis regionem occupaverunt.
8°. Henricus 2US Angliae rex, concedente Papa Hadriano 4°, confirmanteque Alexandro 3°, Hyberniam subegit, quam in hunc usque diem ejus posteri tenent.
Condi tur1 monasterium benedictae Marias juxta Dublinum.
1074. Dunanusm episcopusDublinensismoritur,humatusin ecclesia Trinitatis" ad dextram altaris. Lanfrancus0 archiepiscopus Cantuariensis, petente Goderico rege, consentiente Dubliniensi clero, Patricium sacravitp antistitem, accepto prius obedientiae juramento, modo antecessorum suorum sibi successoribusque suis adhibende, eumque in patriam remisit cum literis ad Godericumq regulum, et
Terdiluacumr maximum Hyberniaa regem.
1084.
are indebted for the introduction of an Afri- Powell, in the Hist, of Wales, p. 1, agrees
can into this period of our Irish History. with Grace in calling him Careticus, and
' Gergesii, — Gergesius,Turgesius,Thorgils, makes him fifth in succession to Arthur. Turkil, and Torquil, are all forms of the same J 3 Brytherne — The introduction of these
name. Top. Hib. Tert. Dist. Cap. 38. John- English words is not easily accounted for. stone's Antiq. Celt. Norm. Was Gergesius the k Anlavus — Mr. J. Lindsay has kindly in-
Girg Mac Dungal, who in the ninth century formed me, that the names of these Danish
subdued all Ireland and nearly all England, princes are thus spelt on their coins : Sihtric —
who is mentioned in the list of Kings given so spelt on the best minted coins of Sihtric III.
in the Regist. Prioratus S. Andreae, printed in Ivor is spelt variously on the Hib. Danish
Antiq. Celt. Norm., p. 147 ? Giraldus, to re- coins; Ifars and Imrs occur on the well mint-
concile the British and Irish Histories, thinks ed coins. Anlaf is spelt Olaf, Onlaf, and
that Turgesius was Gurmund's seneschal in Onlof, on Hiberno-Danish, and Anglo-Saxon
Ireland, and thus, as Campion observes (Ho- coins, andsometimes Oluf on Norwegian coins,
linshed, p. 88), involves himself in considera- Anlaf still survives in Ollave and M'Auley,
ble chronological difficulties. The name of Ivors in Eivers and M'lvor, and Sihtric may
the British king whom Gurmund subdued is perhaps be concealed in M'ltterick. Kereditius in Top. Hib. Tert. Dist. c. 39, but ' Conditur — Founded, according to Arch-
in the time of Careticus, the fourth (?) king of England after Arthur, and the army of Gergesius conquered Ireland with the help of the Norwegians, and kept it_for a long time.
Seventhly. " Three brytherne of Isterige, of the parts Almayne, the empire of Tetonius and Lumbardy, that is to say," Anlaf, Sihtric, and Ifars, when they could not succeed by force, gaining the good will of the kings of Ireland with gifts, under the appearance of merchants, assailed the country, and having ob- tained permission from the kings, built cities therein. Anlaf built Dublin, which is called Ostmanton, from the Ostmans, a certain Norwegian people, which came with Anlaf; Sihtric founded Waterford ; Ifars Limerick, and many other castles and cities, and having thus expelled the Irish, they occupied the country. Eighthly, Henry II., King of England, by a grant from Pope Adrian IV., which was confirmed by Alexander III., subdued Ireland, and to this day it is held by his descendants.
The Monastery of the Blessed Mary, near Dublin, is founded. 1074. — Dunan, Bishop of Dublin, dies, he was buried in the Church of the Trinity, at the right hand of the altar. Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury, at the request of King Goderic, with the consent of "the clergy of Dublin, consecrated Patrick, Bishop, having first, like his predecessors, received the oath of obedience to be paid to him and his successors ; and sent- him to his country with letters to Prince Goderic and to Turlogh, the chief king of Ireland.
1040.
dall, about the year 948. Mon. Hib. p. 132. et sequent. The professions of canonical In the street called " Mary's Abbey" are the obedience to the See of Canterbury made by remains of this ancient monastery. Bishops Patrick, Donat, and Samuel, are
ra Dunanus — Called Donat by Ware — printed Sylloge, pp. 118, 119. The conse- Harris's Ware, p. 306. Mr. Petrie informs cration of Patrick in 1074, by Lanfranc, is me that his body was found in the situation mentioned in the Saxon Chronicle, under the described, on the repairing of the choir a few year 1070.
years since, with his mitre, which was an ex- P Sacravit. — In Ecclesia S. Pauli Lon- quisite work of art. doniae. — Annales Dubliniens : quoted by Us-
n Ecclesia Trinitatis — Now the Cathedral sher, Sylloge, p. 136. of Christ Church, Dublin. q Godericum. — Godfrey or Godred Cronan,
0 Lanfrancus — The letters of the clergy in 1068, " Godred subdued Dublin, with a and people of Dublin to Lanfranc, and Lan- considerable portion of Leinster." — Chroni- franc's letters to Gothric and Turlogh, are con Mannise in Antiq. Celt. Norman., p. 8. given in Ussher's Sylloge vet. Ep. Hib., p. 68, r Terdiluacum. — Turlogh O'Brien.
1084- Patricius Dubliniensis episcopus, cum sociis suis in Britanico Oceano 6° idus Octobris fuit submersus.
1085. Lanfrancus Donatum8 monacum monasterii sui, petente Terdiluaco pari, ut antedictum est, modo, in episcopum Dublinensem sacravit.
1095. Moritur Donatus. Norwegii sive Ostmanni, qui et Normani vocati sunt, civitates Hiberniae et loca maritima occuparunt.
1 122. Samuel* 4tus episcopus moritur.
1131. Walterus filius Ricardi Normanus, qui cum Gulielmo conquestore venit in Angliam, Tinternam, Walliae monasterium, condidit.
1138. Obiit idem Gualterus sine prole. Gilbertus autem Strangbo we filius sororis ejus successit ei, ut heres, apud Stranguliam, id est, Chepstowe in Wallia, qui factus fuit primus comes Penbrochiae.
1 148. Obiit Gilbertus Strangbowe, 14 anno regni Stephani, sepultus est apud Tinternam, ei successit filius Ricardus, factusque est comes Penbrochiae, dominus Strangulensis, et socius North wenciaeu, quae honorifice tenuit 22 annos. Johannes Papiron Cardinalis ab Eugenio papa missus, cum Christianov episcopo Lesmoriensi totius Hiberniae legato, in Hyberniam venit.
1152. Christianus idem in Mellw consilium celebravit, cui interfuerunt epis- copi, Abbates, reges, duces, etmajoresnatu veteres Hybernias, quorum consensu, 4. Archiepiscopatus constituti sunt, Armachanus, Dublinensis, Cassellensis, et Tuanensis quibus praefuerunt eo tempore, Gelasius, Gregorius, Donatus, et Eolanusx, Johannes Cardinalis benedicens clero Romam re versus est.
1162.
'Donatum. — In his 16th year Lanfranc con-. Annales Dubliniens., quoted by Ussher, Syl-
secrated Donatus, his monk at Canterbury, to loge, p. 145.
the Bishopric of Dublin by the desire of the l Samuel. — He was an Irishman, nephew to
King, clergy, and people of Dublin. — Saxon his predecessor, Bishop Donat, and had been
Chron., 1070. a monk of St. Alban's ; he was consecrated at
He is called Donat or Dongus O'Haingly Winchester by Archbishop Anselm — Eadmer
by Ware Bishops, p. 309. Hist. Nov. lib. 2, quoted in Sylloge, p. 145.
Turlogh's letter to Lanfranc, given by u Northwencice — Perhaps North Venedociae,
Harris (loc. cit.), and taken, as he says, from North Wales. Strongbow was probably the
the Annals of Ulster, is not to be found in the greatest lord in South Wales.
Marquis of Buckingham's edition of those v Christiana — Christian O'Conarchy was
Annals, edited by Dr. O' Conor. Donat was sent by Malachy to Clairvaux that he might be
consecrated in the Cathedral of Canterbury, instructed in the Cistercian rule by St. Ber-
1084- — Patrick, Bishop of Dublin, and his companions were drowned in the British ocean, Oct. 10.
1085. — Lanfranc, at the request of Turlogh, consecrated Donat, a monk of his monastery, Bishop of Dublin, in the same manner as is before mentioned.
1095. — Donat dies. The Norwegians or Ostmen, who are also called Nor- mans, occupied the cities and sea coasts of Ireland.
1 1 22. — Samuel, the fourth Bishop, dies.
1131 . — Walter the Norman, son of Richard, who came with William the Conqueror into England, founded the Abbey of Tintern in Wales.
1138. — The aforesaid Walter died without issue; but Gilbert Strangbowe, his sister's son, succeeded as his heir at Strangul, that is, Chepstowe in Wales, and was made the first Earl of Pembroke.
1148. — Gilbert Strangbowe died in the I4th year of the reign of Stephen. He was buried at Tintern, his son Richard succeeded him, and was made Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Strangul, and of all North Wales, (?) which he held honourably for twenty-two years. Cardinal John Papiron, sent by Pope Eugene, with Christian Bishop of Lismore, Legate of all Ireland, came into Ireland.
1 152. — The same Christian held a council in Mell, at which were present bishops, abbots, kings, chiefs, and the older rectors of Ireland : with their con- sent four archbishoprics were established, Armagh, Dublin, Cashel, and Tuam, which were at that time governed by Gelasius, Gregory, Donat, and Aedan. Cardinal John giving his benediction to the clergy returned to Rome.
1162.
nard and might propagate the order in Ire- place this Synod at Kells. Ussher places it at
land, amongst a nation, " quse ab diebus anti- Mell, i. e. Mellifont (Sylloge, p. 150). Ware is
quis monachi nomen quidem audiverunt, mo- doubtful (Ware's Bishops, p. 58). The Four
nachum non viderunt," (Bern. vit. Malachise). Masters say that it was held at Drogheda. The
He was the first abbot of Mellifont, the oldest names of the bishops who attended this Synod
Cistercian house in Ireland. Pope Eugene 1 1 1. are printed by Dr. O'Conor from a MS. of
was also a pupil of St. Bernard at Clairvaux, Flannan M'Eogan in the British Museum —
(Usserii Sylloge, p. 149). The Four Mas- Prolegomena, p. clix.
ters, Ussher and O'Conor, place Papiron 's ar- x Eolanus — For Edanus. The names of
rival in 1151. the four bishops who received the palls were
w Mell — The Annals of Cluainednach Gelasius, Gregorius, Donatus, and Aedanus.
quoted by Keating, p. 276, and by O'Conor, In the list of Flannan M'Eogan they are
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. C
IO
1162. Grcgorius, primus archiepiscopus Dublinensis, moritur, cui successe- runt Laurentius, Johannes Comin, Henricus, Lucasy.
1163. Rothcricus O Conchur, princeps Connaciae, monarclia Hiberniae creatur.
1165. Comes Ri. Strangbow31 a suis per insidias vulneratus interiit, 5° anno post Laginiam acquisierat, et 2 1 regni Henrici 2*. sepultus apud Kilkeniam. Hie ex Eva uxore unicam filiam Isabellam genuerat, qua? in matrimonium a rege data est cuidam Gulielmo Marshall, Anglian mariscallo, qui inde fuit dictus Strangulia? et Laginiae comesque Penbrochiaj.
1162. Grcgorius3, primus archiepiscopus Dublinensis, vir plus, moritur, huic successit Laurentius Othothell, qui fuit Abbas S. Kevini de Glindelaah. Quo tempore S. Thomas fuit archiepiscopus Cantuariensis.
1163. Rothericus O Conehur, princeps Connaciae, monarcha Hyberniae factus.
1167. Obiit Matildab imperatrix. Amaricius rex Hiero-solimitanus cepit Babiloniam. Dermitiusc filius Murchardi, princeps Laginiorum, Oririco rege Midiae e patria longe profecto, uxorem ejus volentem, et ad id eum provocantem rapuit.
1168.
called Giolla Mac Liach Primas Hiberniae, Domnaldus O'Lonargain Archieps Momo- niensium, Aed O'Ossin Archieps Connagh- tensium, i. e. Tuaim, Greri (Gregorius) Eps. Athacliath [Dublin] et Lageniensiura.
y Lucas As the list of Gregory's succes- sors in the See of Dublin ends with Lucas, it is probable that the original was composed in his time. Luke succeeded Henry de Loundres as Archbishop of Dublin in 1228, and died 1255 — Ware's Bishops, p. 320.
1 Comes Ri. Strangbow These Annals
from the building of the Monastery of B. M. V. to this date, inclusive, are inserted in the MS. between those of the years 1210 and 1211, and the present entry shews the ignorance and perhaps the partialities of the insertor. It
confuses the death of Richard Earl Strong- bow, who died in Dublin and was buried in Christ Church, with the death of his grand- son, Richard Earl Marshall, who was killed in 1234, and was buried in Kilkenny. The entry was probably made by Grace, who was a Kilkenny man, and who wished to give Kil- kenny the honour of having the tomb of Earl Strongbow. It will be observed that there are two entries for 1162 and 1163.
3 Gregorius — The succeeding Annals from 1162 to the year 1370 inclusive, agree in sub- stance with the Annales Hibernian published by Camden in the Britannia, Ed. 1607, and ascribed to Pembridge, and appear, as re- gards their contents, to be chiefly abridged from them, but the occasional difference of
II
1 1 62. — Gregory, first Archbishop of Dublin, dies; after him came Laurence, John Comin, Henry, Luke.
1 1 63 . — Roderick O'Conor, Prince of Connaught, is created Monarch of Ireland.
1165. — Earl Ri. Strongbow died of wounds, which he received trea- cherously from his own men, five years after he had acquired Leinster, and in the 2ist [i2th?] year of the reign of Henry the II.; he was buried at Kil- kenny. By his wife Eva he had an only daughter, Isabella, who was given in marriage by the King to a certain William Marshall, Marshal of Eng- land, who from that time was styled Earl of Strangul and Leinster and Pembroke.
1162. — Gregory, first Archbishop of Dublin, a pious man, dies. He was succeeded by Laurence O'Toole, who was Abbot of St. Kevin of Glendalagh. At this time St. Thomas was Archbishop of Canterbury.
1163. — Roderick O'Conor, Prince of Connaught, is made Monarch of Ireland.
1 167. — The Empress Maud died. Almaric, King of Jerusalem, took Babylon. Dermot M'Morough, Prince of Leinster, when O'Rourke, King of Meath, was far from his country, ravished his wife with her own consent, and at her own solicitation.
1168.
their contents, and the constant difference in agree also frequently with the accounts given
their language, render this supposition un- in the Anglo-Norman poem on the Conquest
likely, and suggest the probability that they of Ireland, erroneously ascribed to Maurice
were both translated from some common Regan. From Giraldus de Reb. de se gestis,
original, composed in some other language, pars 11, cap. xx, printed in Anglia Sacra, it
In the following notes the Annals printed by appears that it was common at that time to
Camden are referred to under the name of translate a prose work into verse, and from
Pembridge. the Proem 2» Editionis Hib. Expug. it also
b Matilda — Empress of Germany, daughter appears that he desired and expected that
of Henry I. and mother of Henry II., King that work should be turned into French,
of England. For a beautiful edition of the Conquest of
0 Dermitius. — Many of these notices are in Ireland we are indebted to Francisque Michel,
the words of Giraldus Cambrensis in his Hi- Dr. O'Conor (Prolegomena, p. cxlvi) says,
bernia Expugnata — " prout habetur in Cam- " Totum Regani opus supposititium esse, alibi
brensi," says Pembridge at this year. They indicabo." Seealso Bib. Stowens,vol. i.p. 209.
12
1 1 68. Donatus rex Urigaliae, [ ]-lifontensed condiderat, obiit. Robertas S-[ ] mili[ti]buse in Hyberniam venit.
1169. Ricardusf Strangulensis comes [ ]-mundum juvenem quendam e familia sua cum 10. militibus circa calendas Maii in Hyberniam prsemisit, ipse autem cum 1200. militibus in vigilia Sancti Bartholomei subsequebatur. Hie Ricardus filius fuit Gilbert! Comitis Strongulensis, id est, Chepstowe, olim Strogull, et Isabelle matertere Malcolmi regis, et Gulielmi regis Scotiag, et Speig David comitis, postridie autem festi urbem caepit, ibique Dermitii filiarn in uxo-
rem
'' Mellifontense. — Mellifont, in the county of Louth. Almost all the abbeys whose founda- tion is mentioned in these Annals belonged to the Cistercians, which seems to indicate that the Annals were originally compiled in a Cis- tercian house, probably St. Mary's, Dublin. Thirteen Cistercian Abbots were Lords of Parliament. Mellifont was the first and chief abbey in Ireland, and the Abbot had prece- dence in Parliament before all Abbots of all orders. In the Statutes of the Cisfercians, printed by Martene, in the fourth volume of the Thesaurus Anecdotorum there are seve- ral notices of this and the other Irish houses of the order, which have not been quoted by Archdall. Although it may make a long note we may mention some of them. At a general Chapter held in 1190, the Abbots of Ireland had license to absent themselves from the Chapter for three years, and to attend the fourth, and the Abbot of Mellifont was com- missioned so to arrange their turns that some of them might attend every year. Notwith- standing the influence of this constant inter- course with foreign churchmen and foreign countries, the monks here speedily degene- rated, for in 1221 the correction of Mellifont was committed by the Chapter to the Abbot of Clairvaux, who was empowered to substi- tute in that house religious persons by whom
the order in those parts might be reformed. In 1275 the Abbot of Mellifont petitioned the Chapter that there might be a commemora- tion of St. Malachy, St. Patrick, and St. Brigid, in Horis S. Marise, in all houses de- scended from Mellifont. With regard to the national distinctions so unhappily introduced into Irish religious houses, and noticed by Cox, who states, from a record in the Tower of London, of 1321, that no person was ad- mitted into the Abbey of Mellifont unless he made oath that he was not of English descent, (Hib. Anglicana, p. 100) ; the Chapter in 1323 expresses its detestation of such damnable di- vision, introduced by the enemy of the human race, and warns all Abbots, and especially those of Ireland, of whom grievous complaints had been made, that they should remove such walls of separation, and indifferently admit all fit persons of all nations. In 1324 Edward II. complained to the Pope that the Irish refused to admit Englishmen into their monasteries. (Rymer,vol.ii.p.554). And in 1337 Edw. 1 1 1. says that his father (probably finding that neither the Chapter nor the Pope had suc- ceeded in removing the prejudice against the English from the Irish monks) had ordered that no Irishman should be admitted into any English monastery, but had afterwards re- voked the order, and he now orders that all
13
1 168. — Donat, King of Uriel, who had founded the Abbey of Me/lifont, died. Robert Fitzstephen with thirty knights came into Ireland.
1 169. — Richard Earl of Strangul, about the first of May sent Reymond, one of his followers into Ireland with ten knights ; he followed him in person the eve of St. Bartholomew (Aug. 23), with twelve hundred soldiers. This Richard was son of Gilbert Earl of Strangul, that is, Chepstowe formerly Strogul, and Isa- bella, aunt of Malcolm and William, kings of Scotland, and of Earl David of good hope ; the day after the feast of St. Bartholomew (Aug. 25) he took the city,
and
loyal Irish be admitted in the same way as Eng- lishmen.— (Rymer, vol. ii. p. 964). To com- plete this subject we may add, that in the famous Parliament held at Kilkenny in 1366, the exclusion of Irishmen from English mo- nasteries in Ireland was again enacted, and that in 1380 the following writ was sent to the Abbot of St. Mary's, Dublin, of St. Thomas the Martyr near Dublin, of Melli- font, of Balkynglasse [Baltinglass], Dun- brothy, Dyuelek [Duleek], Bekedy [Bec- tive], Dowysk, de Albo Tractu [Tracton], Magio [Nenay], Tinterne, de Saballo [Saul], de Ynes [Iniscourcey], Bangore, Inde (?) and Jeriponte, and to the Priors of the Holy Tri- nity, Dublin, of St. Patrick of Down, of Conall, of All Saints, Dublin, and of Louth, " That, whereas in a Parliament of Edward III., held at Kilkenny on the Thursday after Ash- Wed- nesday, in the 40th year of his reign, a Statute was made which was confirmed in the last Par- liament held in Dublin, that no Irishman nor any enemy of the King should be admitted into any religious house amongst the English within the land of Ireland, but that those of the English nation should be admitted." The King orders the aforesaid Statute to be ob- served in all particulars. Nov. 24. — Rot. Glaus. 4, R. II. 116.
£ Militibus — The printed Giraldus (Ed. Francofurti, 1603, Hib. Exp. c. 3) reads "130
militibus," an incredible number, if we trans- late milites by the word knights ; the miles was probably only the heavy armed soldier. Eques is the word used for knight in the entry for 1172. The Conquest of Ireland says, 9 or 10 knights, the whole number being about 300.
Le fiz Estevene Robert premer ;
Desque en Yrlande volt passer
Pur Dermot li reis eider.
Chevalers vaillans de grant pris
Od sei menad ix. u dis.
Le un iert Meiler, le fiz Henriz,
Que tant esteit poetifs ;
E Milis i vint autresi
Le fiz 1'evesque de Sein-Davi.
Chevalers vindrent e baruns
Duntjonesaidesacezlurnuns — 1.442,&c. Having named Morice de Prendregast and Hervi de Mumoreci, it goes on:
Bien i passerent. iii. cens
Chevalers e autre menu gens. f Ricardus — Reymond's arrival is again mentioned, 1171. Pembridge gives it under this year.
B Spei — Why David Earl of Huntingdon should be called " Spei," or as in Pembridge, "bonae spei comes," is not very plain: was this notice written in his life-time ? He died 1219. For some years he was heir presump- tive to the crown of Scotland. See a notice of his romantic adventures, from which per-
remduxit. Murcardus [Murcardi?] filiusLaginia3principis [princeps?]abHenrico auxilium petiit, cui fidei sacramentumh et vinculum servitutis prasstitit Dermitius.
1170. Mauricius Geraldinus, uterinus frater Stepbanidis, cum decem equi- tibus, sagittariis triginta, circaque 100. peditibus, in Hyberniam applicuit cum duabus navibus ad Weisfordiam.
1171. Ricardus comes praamisit in Hyberniam Remundum circa calendas Maias, cum equitibus 10. Sagittariis 70. is ipse in vigilia Bartholomei subsequeba- tur, ut predictum cst ; Weisfordiam vi capit ; Evam Dermicii filiam in uxorem ducit ; recta Dublinum* contendit, urbemque expugnat. Dermitius Murcardi Fernesia? senex moritur. Monasterium Castri Deij conditur. Thomas Cantuarien- sis morte mulctatur.
Annus millenus, centenus, septuagenus, Primus, erat primas quo ruit ense Thomask.
1172. Henricus1 rex cum 500. equitibus ad Waterfordiam applicuit, totam Midiam Hugoni de Laci donavit ; alii aiunt hoc tempore mortuum Murchardum.
1 1 74. Gaslacius, Archiepiscopus Armachanus primus, Hybernias primas, mori- tur senex. Hie primus pallio usus est, alii enim ante eum solo nomine episcopi et primatis vocabantur, in honorem S[ ], tanquam ejus apostoli ; quibus
obediverunt™ non modo [ ] homines, verumetiam ipsi principes.
Huic success-[ n].
1176.
day of St. Remigius, October 1. — Conquest of Ireland, 1. 1500, &c.
j Castri Dei. — Fermoy, in the county of Cork. In 1230 the following order was given by the General Chapter of the Cistercians. Prsecipitur universis abbatibus Anglise, Scotise Wallise et Hiberniea ut in reditu Capituli, sin- guli in domibus suis accensis candelis, diebus, quibus fit sermo in Capitulo, Excommunica- tos denuncient illos, qui Abbatem de Castro Dei et monachum de Surio occiderunt, et omnes qui morti illorum prsestando consilium vel auxilium consenserunt, Occisores etiam si qui de Or dine fuerint, si capi potuerint, capien- tur; et in ordine perpetuo carceri mancipen-
tur Cap. Gen. Ord. Cisterc. Martene Thes.
vol. iv. c. 1352.
haps this appellation originated, in Hailes' Annals, 1190.
h Sacramentum. — Dermod says to Henry:
A vus me venc clamer, bel sire, Veans les baruns de tun empire. Ti liges home devendrai Tut jors me que viverai, Par si que mai seez aidant, Que ne sei de tut perdant : Tei clamerai sire e seignur, Veant baruns e cuntur. — 1. 284, &c.
' Dablinum — Strongbow landed near Wa- terford in 1170, on the Eve of St. Bartholo- mew, August 23rd. On the 25th he took Waterford. On St. Matthew's day, Septem- ber 21, he took Dublin, which he left on the
and there married Dermot's daughter. Dermot M'Morough, Prince of Leinster, sought aid from Henry, and yielded him the oath of fidelity and the bond of servitude.
1 1 70. — Maurice the Geraldine, uterine brother of Fitz Stephen, with ten knights, thirty archers, and about one hundred foot soldiers, came with two ships to Ireland and landed at Wexford.
1171 . — Earl Richard sent Reymond before him into Ireland about the first of May with ten knights and seventy archers ; he himself followed on the eve of St. Bartholomew (Aug. 23), as is before mentioned; he takes Wexford by storm, marries Eva, Dermot's daughter, goes straight to Dublin, and takes the city. Dermod M'Morough dies an old man at Ferns. The Abbey Castri Dei is founded. Thomas of Canterbury is put to death.
" The year a thousand, seven hundred, and seventy-one, was the year in which Primate Thomas fell by the sword."
1172. — King Henry with five hundred knights landed at Waterford, he gave all Meath to Hugh de Laci ; some say that Morough died at this time.
1 1 74. — Gelasius, first Archbishop of Armagh, Primate of Ireland, dies in old age. He first used the Pall, for those before him were called by name of Bishop only, and Primate, in honour of St. Patrick, as it were his apostles, and they were obeyed not only by churchmen, but also by princes themselves. He was succeeded by Cornelius.
1176. k Thomas — Thomas-a-Becket. Meath by the service of 50 knights : Sicut
1 Henricus According to Giraldus, Murcardus Hu-Melachlin earn tenuit, vel
Henry II. landed at Waterford on the Feast aliquis alius ante ilium vel postea.
of St. Luke (18th October), 1171, Hib. Ex- m Quibus obediverunt — These words are
pug. I. p. 30. The Conquest of Ireland says from St. Bernard's Life of Malachy, c. 10.
that he brought with him " Quatre cent che- n Cornelius Gelasius was succeeded by
valers armez," and that Cornelius, or Concobar, Mac Conchailleadh,
A Waterford li gentil reis. Abbot of the Convent of St" Peter and St"
Ariva od quatre mil Engleis Pau1' at A™agh. But the Annals of St.
A la Tusseinz (all saints) veraiment, Mary'S Abbe?' Dublm' and those at the end of
Si la geste ne nus ment ; Camden, take no notice of him, and make Gil-
Devant la feste sein Martyn._l. 2595. bert °'Caran *he next successor> whi<* was
probably occasioned by the shortness of the
The charter of Hugh de Lacy is printed in time Cornelius sat, and his absence at Rome, the Calendar Rotulorum Cancellaria? Hiber- where he died in 1175. — Harris' Ware's niae Rot. Pat. 2 Hen. V. 137. He was to hold Bishops, p. 61 ; Lanigan, vol. iv. p. 220.
i6
1176. Bertram de Verdon condidit monasterium de [ °].
1177. Obiit R-[ ]-isep> sepultus que est in ecclesia Trinitatis. Venit inJHyb-[ ] apostolicus, Vivianus% Cardinalis S Stephani [ ] ab Alexandro missus.
1178. Conditur Monasterium Samarise1 et Roseoe-vallis, id est, Ros-glass.
1179. Trucidantur Milo Coganus', et Ricardus filius Stephanidis, inter Waterfordiam et Lismeran. Herveus de Monte Marisco condidit monasterium S Mariae de portuu, id est, Dunbrethy.
1 1 80. Conditur monasterium Chorobenedictiv et de Seripontw. Laurentius episcopus Dublinensis moritur in Normaniax, huic successit
Johannes Comin Anglus, apud Evesham electus a clero Dublinensi et confirmatur papa. Hie condidit templum S Patricii Dubl.
1183. Ordo templariorum confirmatur. Conditur monasterium legis Dei, id est, Lesiaey.
1185.
0 De [Crohisderi] — Croxden, a Cistercian monastery in Staffordshire.
p Ricardus comes Strangulice. — Matt. Paris inserts the death of Richard Earl of Strigoil at 1176. Pembridge places it about the 1st May, 1177- Girald. Cambren. about the 1st June.
q Vivianus — Cardinalis Tituli S. Stephani de Coelio Monte. On Christmas Day he was in the Isle of Man with the King Guthred, after Epiphany he landed at Downpatrick, and on his way to Dublin was taken prisoner by the soldiers of John de Courcy, by whom he was set at liberty — R. de Hoveden and Chron. Mannise in Anno.
T Samariee — i. e. of the River Samair, now the Erne, called de Samerio. Cap. Gen. Ord. Cist. A. D. 1239 — (Mart, et Durand. Thes. Nov. t. iv. col. 1371). Ware calls it de Samario, and says that it was founded by Roderick O'Cananan, Prince of Tirconnell. The Annals of Boyle place its foundation at 1183. It was afterwards called Ashro or
Easrua, and is situated near Ballyshannon
Ware's Antiq., Harris's Ed., p. 275.
6 Rosglas — Or Monaster-Evin in Kildare, founded by Dermit O'Dimesey, King of Offa-
ley, with the consent of Muredach O Conor
( Archdall, p. 333.) In 1 199 the Abbot de Ros- eavalle was, at his own request, allowed by the General Chapter to celebrate in his house
the Feast of St. ^Emilius (Cap. Gen. Ord.
Cister. Mart, et Durand. Thes. Nov. torn. iv. col. 1293). Is not ^Emilius a misprint in Martene for Eminius, the Irish saint to whom the abbey was dedicated, and from whom it derived its present name ?
' Milo Coganus — Milid Gogan (Milo Co- gan) agus Remund agus Cendculind (?) agus da Me Stemni (duo filii Stephani) occisi sunt (Annales Buelliani, A.D. 1182). Pembridge says, " inter Waterfordiam et Lismore, &c. ut in Cambrensi. "
u De Portu — Dunbrody, in the Co. of Wex- ford. In the Rot. Pat. 4 Hen. IV. 3a pars. 142, is a confirmation of a charter of Edward III.
1 176. Bertram de Verdon founded the Abbey of Crokisden.
1177. Death of Richard Earl of Strigul, he was buried in the Church of the Trinity. Vivian, Cardinal S. Stephani [ ] came into Ireland, being sent as Apostolic Legate by Alexander.
1 178. The Monastery of Samaria is founded, and that of Rosea Vallis, that is Rosglas.
1 179. Milo Cogan and Ralph son of Fitz- Stephen are slain between Water- ford and Lismore ; Hervey de Monte Marisco founded the Abbey of St. Mary de Portu, that is Dunbrothy.
1 1 80. The Abbey de Choro Benedicti is founded, and that of Jerpoint. 1182? Laurence, Bishop of Dublin, dies in Normandy, he was succeeded
by John Comin, an Englishman, elected by the clergy of Dublin at Evesham, and confirmed by the Pope. He built the Church of St. Patrick, Dublin.
1183. The Order of the Templars is confirmed. The Abbey Legis Dei, that is of Leix, is founded.
1185.
confirming the charter of Walter Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, granting to this abbey certain lands therein described, which had pre- viously been granted by Earl Richard and Hervey de Monte Morency. In 1234 the Abbot de Surio (Inislounagh, Tipperary) was sentenced by the General Chapter to be ex- communicated and deposed, if he was proved, as alleged, to have commenced a legal action against the abbot of this house — Cap. Gen. Ord. Cister. apud Martene Thes. torn. iv. col. 1359.
v Chorobenedlcti. — Middleton, Co. Cork. In 11 95 the Abbot de Choro Benedicti was or- dered by the General Chapter to denounce to the Abbot de Dulenine (Dublin?) the punish- ment imposed upon him by the Chapter for ab- senting himself from the Chapter on pretence of illness, when he was well able to ride — (Martene, torn. iv. col. 1284). In 1278 the Abbot de Choro Benedicti was deposed for
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. D
absenting himself for eight years — Ibid. col. 1463.
w Seripont. — Jerpoint, Co. Kilkenny, a daughter of the Abbey de Valle Salutis (Bal- tinglass) subjected in 1227 to the Abbey cle Fontanis in Anglia, (Fountain's Abbey) " ob ordinis reformationem. " In 1274, the Arch- bishop of Cashel (David Mac Carwill) peti- tioned the General Chapter that the anniver- sary of his father and mother should be kept in domibus Jeripontis et de Rupe Casellensi, which were founded by himself and his pro- genitors.— Martene, torn. iv. col. 1446.
x In Normannia. — In Ecclesia S. Marise Augensis xviii. Calend. Decembris (Nov. 14 "') — Pembridge, from Hib. Exp. lib. 2, cap. 23.
y Lesia. — Abbeyleix, Queen's County, founded by Corcheger O'More, and filled with
Cistercian monks from Baltinglass Archd.
Mon. Hib. p. 586.
i8
1185. Johannes7, Henrici filius, Hybernia a patre donatus, Glocestriae ad equitis aurati honorem provectus, magno cum exercitu Hyberniam navigavit, natus 22 [12?] annos, anno post adventum patris, 13°; Ricardi comitis, 14°; patrisa Henrici 15°; 8° menses in Hybernia comoratus, in Angliam revertitur.
1 1 86. Hugo Lacius Derwatheb per insidias ab Hiberno qiiodam occisus est, cum, in condcndo quodam castro, eum doceret quo pacto operare oporteret, cum enim arrepto instrumento terram percutiente inclinaret, Hibernus securi caput ei amputavit. Rcliquit duos filios Gualterum et Hugonem, nee ulteriusc processit Hybernise subjugatio. Moritur Christianusd episcopus Lismorensis, legatus quondam Hibernise.
1 187. Conditur monasterium de Inese in Ultonia.
1 1 89. Moritur Henricus rex. Conditur monasterium de Colle Victoria/, id est Cnocmoy.
[ ] Dublinia arsit.
[ ] Conditur monasterium de Jugo Dei,g Whit Abbey, Hibernice Mo- nesterlech.
1195. Archi episcopus Cassellensis11 Hybernise legatus, et Johannes archie- piscopus Dublinia;, corpus Hugonis Lacii (qui Midiam domucrat) ex Hybernica
plaga
of Hugh de Lacy, " quod ibi cessavit conques- tus." Did this, and the many like changes of phrase, arise from the affectation of our An- nalist, or did both the Annalists translate from the same original ?
d Christianus. — Pembridge says more fully, " Christianus Lismoriensis Episcopus, quon- dam Legatus Hiberniae, aemulator virtutum, quas viderat et audierat a sancto patre suo, Bernardo, summoque Pontifice, viro venera- bili, Eugenio, cum quo fuit in probatorio apud
z Johannes. — He landed at Waterford on Wednesday in Easter week, April 24th — (Gir. Camb. Hib. Exp.) Ware says that he was then nineteen years old, and that he was knighted by his father at Windsor — Ware's Annals, 1185.
a Patris — For Fratris. Pembridge says, that John landed fifteen years after the coming of Fitz-Stephen. Grace names the same era from Meiler Fitz- Henry, Fitz- Stephen's com- rade, whom he calls John's brother, but who was in reality the grandson of Henry I. by his illegitimate son, Henry Fitz-Henry, who was John's grand uncle.
b Derwathe — Burrow, in King's County then included in Meath, still in the diocese of Meath.
0 Ulterius. — Pembridge says at the death
Clarevallem, qui eum legatum in Hiber- niae constituit, post peractam obedientiam (pcenitentiam ?) in Monasterio de Kyrieleyson" (Odorney, County Kerry) " feliciter migravit ad Christum."
e Ines. — Founded, July 1, (Pembridge). Jocelin, who wrote the Life of St. Patrick,
19
1185. John, son of Henry, having received the gift of Ireland from his father, and being raised to the honour of knighthood at Gloucester, sailed with a great army into Ireland, in the 1 2th [?] year of his age, the I3th after the coming of his father, the i4th after the coming of Earl Richard, the i5th after the coming of his brother, Henry ; having staid eight months in Ireland he returns to England.
1 1 86. Hugh Lacy is slain treacherously by a certain Irishman at Durrow, while in building the castle he was showing him how he should work, he took the instrument for striking the ground, and, as he stooped, the Irishman cut off his head with an axe. He left two sons, Walter and Hugh, and the subjugation of Ireland went no further. Christian, Bishop of Lismore, formerly Legate of Ireland, dies.
1187. Foundation of the Abbey of Ines in Ulster.
1 1 89. King Henry dies. Foundation of the Abbey do Colle Victorias, that is, Knockmoy.
1 192 ? Dublin burned.
1193? Foundation of the Abbey dc Jugo Dei, White Abbey, in Irish Monesterlech.
1195. The Archbishop of Cashel, Legate of Ireland, and John, Archbishop of Dublin, brought from the Irish country the body of Hugh Lacy (who had con- quered
dedicated to John de Courcy, the founder ordinis de cetero nullatenus praesurnatur." — of this house, was probably a monk of this Martene, torn. iv. col. 1374. abbey. Mr. O'Donovan is of opinion that s De Jugo Dei. — Grey Abbey in Down, a monastery existed here before the time of founded by Africa, daughter of Godred, King John de Courcy, and that its original name of Man, and wife of John de Courcy ; she fur- was Inniscumhscraigh, pronounced Inniscoos- nished it with Cistercian monks from the Ab- cray. Perhaps its resemblance to his own bey of Holmcultram in Cumberland — (Arch- name may have been the cause of its selection dall, Mon. Hib., p. 120). " 1204. Johannes by De Courcy. quidemde Curcihabuitfiliam Godredi nomine
f De Colle Victoria. — Abbey of Knockmoy, Affrecam in matrimonium, quse fundavit in Galway, founded by Cathal O' Conor, King abbatiam Sanctte Marise de Jugo Dei, quse of Connaught, in 1240. " Abbas de Colle Vic- ibidem sepulta est." — (Chronicon Manniae). torise, cui ad prsesens de depositione parcitur, Lodge, vol. iv. p. 32, says, that in 1754, her qui fecit sibi caput lavari a muliere, sex die- image of gray freest one, though much defaced, bus sit in levi culpa, duobus eorum in pane et was still to be seen in a niche of the wall on aqua, et 40 diebus extra stallumabbatis ; tamen the gospel side of the altar, tale quid vel ab ipso, vel ab aliis personis h Cassellensis. — Matthew O'Heney, Arch-
Da
20
plaga reportarunt, et in monasterio [ ]-is id est de Bectii1 sepiliverunt,
caput vero in templo S ThomaeJ Dublinias.
1 1 99. Moritur Ricardus.k Rex Connacise, qui monasterium de Colle Victorie condiderat, ejicitur de Connacia. Conditur monasterium de Voto, id est Tin- ternae1 a Gulielmo Marescallo comite Penbrokias, domino Lagine, scilicet 4. comitatum, Weixfordise, Osserite, Carlogiae et Kildaria3, que ei obtigerunt jure uxoris filiaa Ricardi comitis Strongulensis, quam in uxorem duxerat, filia [iiliam] Evae, filial Murchardi ; hoc monasterium vero vovit cum in mari periclitaretur.
1 202. Restituitur in regnum Catholus Cronecus Cronbdor rex Connacias. Conditur monasterium de Conall"1 per dominum Meilerum filium Henrici.
1203. Conditur monasterium S. Salvatoris", id est Dowesky.
1 204. Committitur prselium inter Johannem Courcium, primum comitem Ultonias0, et Hugonem Lacium apud Dunum ; ceciderunt ex utraque parte multi, vicit Courcius : postera vero die parasceves cum inermis, midisque pedibus et sola subicula tectus, religionis gratia templi sacra visitaret, a suisp quibusdam per insidias captus, precio Laicio traditus est. Qui eum ad regem ducens, quse ejus fuerunt, comitatus videlicet Ultonia3 et Connacia^, ipse in mercedem susce-
pit.
bishop from 1192 to 1206.— (Ware's Bishops, p. 469.) John Comyn, Archbishop of Dublin from 1181 to 1212 — Ibid. p. 314.
' Bectii Bective, in Meath, founded from
Mellifont, xiv day of January, 1146, and called in Irish Lieltrede, in Latin de Beatitu- dine, and commonly Bective — Ussher's Syl- loge, Vet. Epist, Hib. p. 149.
J S. Thomce Founded in that part of Dub- lin called Thomas-court, for Canons of the congregation of St. Victor, by William Fitz Andelm, and largely endowed by Hugh de Lacy Archdall. Mon. Hib., p. 178.
k Eicardm The words "Rex. Catholus"
were omitted in the MS. after " Ricardus" by the carelessness of the transcriber, whose eye passed from Rex to Rex ; the defect is evident from the next entry, and from Pembridge.
1 TinterncE. — In the County of Wexford. In 1277, the Abbot de Voto, for not coming for many years to the General Chapter ; and the Abbot of Boyle, for not paying the tenth imposed upon him, are deposed. — Martene, torn. iv. col. 1460.
m Conall In Kildare, founded under the
invocation of the B.V. M. and St. David, and filled with regular Canons from the mo- nastery of Lanthony, in Monmouthshire
Archdall Mon. Hib., p. 317.
" S. Salvatoris. — Graignemanagh, in Kil- kenny, founded for Cistercian monks, by Wil- liam Marshall. Its foundation is rightly placed at 1204, as appears from the following extract from the Registry of the Abbey of Stanlegh in Wilts, printed by the Rev. W. L. Bowles, in his account of the Parish of Bremhill : — " 1204. Eodem anno depositus
21
quered Meath), and buried it in the Abbey Beatitudinis, that is of Bective ; his head they buried in the church of St. Thomas, Dublin.
1199. Death of King Richard. Cathal, King of Connaught, who had founded the Abbey de Colle Victoriae, is expelled from Connaught. The Monastery de Voto, that is Tintern, is founded by William Marshall, Earl of Pembroke, Lord of Leinster, to wit, of the four counties, Wexford, Ossory, Carlow, and Kildare, which fell to him in right of his wife, the daughter of Richard Earl of Strongul, whom he had married, being the daughter of Eva, daughter of M'Morough ; he made a vow of this monastery when he was in danger at sea.
1202. Cathal O'Conor, of the red hand, King of Connaught, is restored to his kingdom. Foundation of the Abbey of Conall by the Lord Meiler Fitz- Henry.
1203. Foundation of the Abbey St. Salvatoris, that is Douske.
1204. A battle is fought at Down between John Courcy, first Earl of Ulster, and Hugh Lacy ; many fell on either side, Courcy conquered : but on the following day of Good Friday, when, through devotion, he was visiting the sacred places of the church unarmed, with bare feet and covered only with a shirt, he was treacherously seized by some of his own men, and delivered to Lacy for a sum of money. He brought him to the king, and received as his reward the things
which
est R. Abbas Stanlegh a Capitulo Cister- De Curti out a nun Johan,
tiensi ; eo quod duxerit conventum in Hiber- Ki pus suffri meint [a]han — 1. 2733.
nia absque licentia capituli. Hoc eodem p A suis — The persons who were said to
anno electus est conventus novus in Stanlegh have betrayed John de Courcy, were, proba-
in Wilts, cum Abbate proprio, scilicet verie- bly, the Ulster barons, who had given hostages
rabili viro Radulpho. 10 Calend. Aug. et in for him to the king, and were called upon to
Hiberniam missus in provinciam Ostercensem deliver him up. His hostages were, Milo,
(Ossoriensem) ad locum qui vocatur S. Sal- son of John de Courcy the younger ; Robin,
vatoris, quern eis dedit bonse memoriae vir son of William Salvage ; John de Courcy,
Wilhelmus Mareshallus Comes de Pembroke the son of Roger of Chester ; Walkelin, son
cum aliis terris plurimis."— MS. Bodleian, of Augustin de Ridall ; Peter, son of William
quoted in Bowies' Bremhill, p. 119. Racket ; Alexander, son of William Sarazin ;
0 Ultonice — The author of the Conquest John, son of Adam Camerarius; and John, son
says that Henry gave of Richard Fitz- Robert Rot. Pat. in Tur.
A un Johan Uluestere, Lond. quoted in Lodge's Peerage, Kinsale. Si a force la peust conquere. q Connacice — Connaught was not an earl-
22
pit. Cursius careen perpetuo adjudicatus remansit ; proditores vice promissi auri ab Hugone suspensi sunt, eorumque bona direpta. Hie Johannes Courcius in regem rebellaverat, ej usque imperio obedire recusaverat, quin et necem Arthuri, legiiheredis, ei approbaverat. Cum diufoedissimamcarcerisvitam perpessus fuerat, tandem a Johanne rege liberatus est, electus in pugilemr adversus quendam Gigantia magnitudine a Galliarum rege defensorem juris suae castelli cujus- dam constitutum, qui, cum Gallus ejus vires extimescens pugnam recusaverat, coram utrisque regibus egregia suarum virium inditia sedidit, fissa uno ictu galea. Quocirca muneribus ab utrisque donatus est, et a Johanne comitatui Ultonii restitutus est, cum autem in Hyberniam recederc quindecies suo maxi- mo semper periculo, et ventis contrariis tentasset, aliquantisper apud monacos Cestrenses8 comoratus, in Galliam re versus est, ubi vitam [ ].
1205. Conditur a Theobaldo Walteri de provincia* domino de Carryetu monasterium de Wethenciav in Comitatu Limerici.
1208. Gulielmus Brutiusw, Anglia ejectus, in Hyberniam venit. Anglia
interdicitur
dom. Hanmer says that De Courcy was Lord of Connaught.
r In pugilem. — Leland (Hist, of Ireland, vol. i. p. 176) and Lodge (Peerage, Kin- sale) discredit this story. Hoveden (Annal Pars Post.) says that John de Curcy was treacherously imprisoned by Hugh de Lacy, in one of whose castles he had taken refuge from the attacks of Walter de Lacy, but that he was delivered by his followers. From re- cords given by Lodge (ubi supra), and from others given by Lynch (Feudal Dignities, p. 290), it appears, that in the summer of 1204 De Courcy was at liberty, having given hos- tages to surrender himself when called upon ; that he was so called upon after August 31 ; and it would seem that he did surrender him- self after October 21, on which day he had a safe conduct till the following Mid- Lent. In May, 1205, King John granted to Hugh de Lacy " Terram de Ultonia, de qua ipsum
cinximus in comitem, habendam et tenendam sicut Johannes de Curcy earn tenuit die quo idem Hugo ipsum vicit et cepit in campo." — Chart. Roll, in Tur. Lond. 7 John. In a writ of August, 1204, only nine caritreds, the nearest to Meath, were granted to Hugh and his brother Walter in case that De Courcy did not surrender.
The Chronicle of Man thus states these events : — " 1204. Hugh de Lacy came with an army to Ulster, and encountering John de Courcy, took him, put him in irons, and made himself master of Ulster ; he afterwards let him go free ; when John went to King Ronald of Man, who received him honorably as a re- lation, for De Courcy had married Godred's daughter Africa. 1205. John de Courcy, recruiting his forces, got together a great army, and brought Ronald with near 100 ships to Ulster ; entering the bay of Strang- ford, they carelessly sat down before the
23
which had been his, to wit, the earldoms of Ulster and Connaught. Courcy remained condemned to perpetual imprisonment ; the traitors, instead of the promised gold, were hanged by Hugh, and their goods plundered. This John Courcy had rebelled against the king, and had refused to obey his orders, and had also upbraided him with the murder of Arthur, the lawful heir. When he had endured for a long time the most squalid life of a prison, he was at length set at liberty by King John, being chosen as champion against a certain man of gigantic stature whom the King of France had appointed the defender of his right to a certain castle ; when the Frenchman, afraid of his great strength, had refused the combat, in the presence of both kings he gave noble proof of his vigour, having cut through a helmet at one stroke. Wherefore by both he was gifted with large presents, and was restored by John to the earldom of Ulster, but having endeavoured fifteen times, always with great danger and contrary winds, to return to Ireland, and having sojourned some time with the monks at Chester, he returned to France, and there ended his life.
1205. The Abbey of Wotheney in the County of Limerick, is founded by Theobald Fitz Walter Butler, Lord of Carrick.
1208. William de Braosa, expelled from England, comes into Ireland.
England
Castle of Rath. Here they were surprised created Earl of Ormonde. This entry was
by a numerous army under the command of probably made between these years.
Walter de Lacy, who put them totally to the v Wethencia. — Abingdon, in Limerick ; it
rout. From this time John de Courcy never was also called Owney, Wotheney,Wethenoya,
recovered his estates." — Chron. Mannise. Voghney, and Vaschena. It was furnished with
s Cestrenses. — John de Courcy had expelled Cistercian monks from Savigny, in France. In
the secular canons from the Abbey of Down, 1245 the Abbot of Vaschena had permission to
and had replaced them with Benedictine come to the General Chapter only once in seven
monks, whom he brought from the Abbey of years during his life. — Cap. Gen. Ord. Cister.
St. Werburgh, at Chester, at the same time Martene, torn. iv. col. 1385.
he dedicated it to St. Patrick, it having been » Brutius — William de Braosa was in-
before under the Invocation of the Holy debted to the king 5000 marks for Munster,
Trinity. which had been demised to him by the king,
1 De provincia — Is a mistake for De Pin- and for which he had not paid for five years,
cerna. nor had he paid for five years his rent for the
u Carryet — Edmund Butler, great grand- City of Limerick. The whole of the state
son to this Theobald, was created Earl of paper in which John justifies his conduct to
Carrick in 1215. In 1328 James Butler was De Braosa, is very curious, it is given in
interdicitur ob tyranidem Joliannis. Caeduntur magna militum j usticiarii mul- titude apud Thurles in Momonia a Galfrido Mareis.
1210. Johannes rex cum classe in Hyberniam* venit, et ingenti exercitu, filiosque Hugonis Lacii, Gualterum dominum Midiae et Hugonem, regione ex- pulit, hi enim in plebem tiranidem exercuerant, Johannemque de Coursey^ dominum Rathenii et Kilbarrock, quoniam is eos regi accusaverat, interfecerant ; illi autem in Galliam fugientes in monasterio S Taurini2 illiberalium laborum ministri, in horto videlicet fodiendo et luto lateribusque parandis, diu incogniti vixerunt, tandem vero ab Abbate ejusdem agniti, ejus precibus regi reconsiliati sunt, soluta tamen in restitutionem magna suma pecunise, revertuntur ad pris- tinam in Hibernia auctoritatem. Gualterus in Hyberniam secum adduxit Jo- hannem Aluredy, id est Fitz acori3, filium fratris Abbatis, eique dedit dominium de Dengio, et alia multa. Monacos etiam nonnullos utrique quos ditarunt ; Jo- hannes acceptis undique obsidibus turn ab Hybernisb turn ab Anglis, punitisque rnalefactoribus, stabilitisque rebus, in Angliam rediit eodem quo venerat anno.
1 2 1 1 . Ricardus Tuit, ruina turris cujusdam Alonas occubuit, hie monasterium de Grenardc condiderat.
1212. Moritur Johannes Comin Dublinensis, qui divi Patriciid condiderat, huic successit HenricusLandres,alio nomine Scorchevilain, quoniam chartas rusti-
corum
Rymer, vol. i. p. 107- in Irish Records where Fitzacory is not to
T In Hyberniam — King John was at Crook be found. Thomas Fitzalfred was an Irish
near Waterford, June 20th, and was on his Magnate in 1302 — (Rymer, vol. i. p. 938).
return at Fishguard in Wales, August 26, The Dengyn (in Pembridge it is Dengle)
1210 — Itinerary of K. John, by T. D. Hardy, granted by Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath,
y De Coursey. — Probably son of Vivian de may have been Dengyn, the ancient Lordship
Cursun, to whom Earl Richard gave the lands of the Wellesleys, in which, however, they
of Ratheny as fully as Gilcolm held them be- succeeded, not Fitzavery, but Cusack and
fore. — (Harris Ware's Antiq., p. 190). This Geneville. It would be interesting to iden-
shews that he was not a natural son of John tify this illustrious family with the descend-
de Courcy, as Ware supposed. ants of Fitzalured. The monks brought over
7 S. Taurini. — St. Taurin of Evreux in from St. Taurin were placed by Walter de
Normandy. Lacy at Foure in Westmeath, which was an
* Fitzacory — So in MS. and in Pern- alien priory subject to the Abbot of St. Tau-
bridge, but filius Aluredi is more truly an- rin (Ware's Antiq., p. 264) until 1448, when
glicized by Fitzavery, a name which occurs an act of Parliament was passed enabling the
25
England is put under an interdict because of the tyranny of John. A great mul- titude of the soldiers of the Justiciary are slain at Thurles, in Munster, by Geoffrey Mareis.
1210. King John came with a fleet and a great army into Ireland, and drove from the country the sons of Hugh Lacy, Walter, Lord of Meath, and Hugh, for they had tyrannized over the common people, and had killed John de Courcy, Lord of Kilbarrock and Rathenny, Co. Dublin, because he had complained of them to the King ; but they fled into France, and remained for a long time un- known in the Abbey of St. Taurin, serving in menial employments, to wit, in the garden digging and preparing mud and bricks ; but at last they were dis- covered by the Abbot, and at his entreaties reconciled to the King, and having paid a great sum of money were restored to their former authority in Ireland. Walter brought with him into Ireland John, son of Alured, that is, Fitzavery, son of the Abbot's brother, and gave him the lordship of Dengin, and many other things. Both brought over and enriched some monks ; King John having taken hostages everywhere, both from English and Irish, and having punished malefactors and established his power, returned into England the same year in which he came.
1 2 1 1 . Richard Tuit was killed by the fall of a tower at Athlone ; he had built the Abbey of Granard.
1 2i 2. Death of John Comin, Archbishop of Dublin, who had built St. Patrick's Church. He was succeeded by Henry Loundres, otherwise called
Scorchvillain,
monks to choose their own Prior. Before the A Richard tuit ensement
passing of that Act, Foure was always seized Donad riche feffement; — 1. 3148.
into the King's hands in every war with The Tuites were palatine barons of Moyas-
France. shel. The family, to use Sir H. Piers' words
b Hybernis. — " Catalo rege Conaciae trium- in 1682, "remain in good reputation and
phato." — Ypodigma Neustrias in anno, post, although the title be [almost] obso-
0 Grenard. — The Abbey of Lerha or Abbey lete." — Piers' Westmeath. Lara in Longford, founded for Cistercian d Dim Patricii. — If the omission of " eccle- monks, brought from the Abbey of St. Mary's, siam" is intentional, it is a proof of the early Dublin, (Mon. Hib. p. 442). Richard Tuit origin of the vernacular ellipsis of "St. Pa- was one of De Lacy's Barons. The Con- trick's." See the same ellipsis, A. D. 1283, quest of Ireland says, " campanile Trinitatis."
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. E
26
corum conbusserat, testes servitutis sue6, hie Hibernise justitiarius fuit, con- struxitque arcem Dublinensem.
1213. Obiit Gulielmus Petitf, et Petrus Meset, Baro Deluinii, obiit sine lierede masculo, divisa igitur tribus filiabus est heriditas, quae nupserunt, ia do- mino de Vernail, 2a Talbot, 3a Landers.
1219. Obiit Gulielmus Mareshall senior ; hie ex filia Ricardi comitis general, 5. filios, et 5. filias; Gulielmum maximum natu, dein Gualterum, Gilbertum, Ancelmum, et Ricardum, qui interiit in praelio Kildarii. Hi quinque patri in imperio ordine successerunt, omnesque sine prole mortem oppetivere. Filiaefue- rint ut sequiturs ; Matildah de Mareshall, Isabella de Clare, Eva deBrus, Johanna de Montgenesey, Sibilla comitissa de Ferreis. Matilda nupsit Hugoni Bigot, comiti Norfolciae, qui jure uxoris fuit mariscalcius Angliae, hie ex ea genera vit Radium Bigot, patrem Johannis Bigot, qui fuit filius dominae Bertse de Furni- vall, et Isabelle de Lacy1 uxoris domini Johannis fitz GefTrcy ; mortuo autem Hugone Bigot comite Norfolciag, Johannes Garrune comes Surricse ex filia filium nomine Ricardum et sororem Isabellam de Albeney, comitissam de Arundell. Gilbertus de Clare comes Gloverniae, duxit Isabellam 2am sororem ex qua susce- pit Rioardum Clare comitem Glovernias, que fuit mater domine Avisse, comi- tissaa de AverinaeJ, que fuit mater Isabelle matris domini de Brusk, comitis de Carrick, et postea regis Scotiae. Eva de Brus 3a soror habuit Matildam, quas fuit mater Edwardi Mortimerii, et domine Eve Cantelawe matris domine Mil- sent de Mohyne, quae fuit mater domine Elionore, matris comitis Herfordiaa. Dominus Gorenu* de Monugenesy duxit Johannem. 4. de qua Johanna1 de Vallens; de Sibilla comitissa de Fereis 5a pervenerunt 7 filial ia Agnes de
Vesci,
e Testes servitutis sue — The proofs of the was Baron of Dunboyne, and Missett of Lune.
terms of their villainage, that is, their leases. 8 Ut sequitur. — The MS. is here corrupt.
Cox says, " This silly story is not to be be- In the following notes and in the translation
lieved of so learned a man, and so good a go- it has been corrected in some places from
vernor, as every body allows this Archbishop Pembridge and other authorities. The text
to have been ; especially since it is not denied, has been printed exactly from the MS.
but that he suffered all his tenants to enjoy h Matilda Hanmer, who calls Joan
their farms, even according to their claims." — Mountchensy the eldest daughter, says that
Hib. Anglicana, p. 57. the Lordship of Leinster was thus divided : —
f Gulielmus Petit — Petit and Misset were To Joan, the County of Wexford ; to Matilda,
two of De Lacy's barons in Meath; Petit Carlow ; to Isabella, Kilkenny ; to Sibilla,
27
Scorchvillain, because lie burned the charters of the farmers, the witnesses of their servitude ; he was Justiciary of Ireland, and built the Castle of Dublin.
1213. Death of William Petit; also Peter Meset, Baron of Lune, died with- out male heirs, and his estate was divided between his three daughters who married, the eldest the Lord de Vernail, the 2nd Talbot, the 3rd Loundres.
1219. Death of William Marshall the elder; by the daughter of Earl Richard he had five sons and five daughters ; William the eldest, then Walter, Gilbert, Anselm, and Richard, who was killed at the battle of Kildare. These five succeeded to their father in order, and all died without issue. The daughters were as follows ; Matilda de Mareshall, Isabella de Clare, Eva de Braos, Joan de Mountchensy, Sibilla, Countess of Ferrers. Matilda married Hugh Bigot, Earl of Norfolk, who in right of his wife was Marshall of England, by her he had Ralph Bigot, father of John Bigot, who was son of the Lady Bertha de Furni- vall, and Isabella de Lacy, wife of John Fitz Geffrey ; after the death of Hugh Bigot, Earl of Norfolk, Matilda married John Fitz Warrenne, Earl of Surrey, by whom, she had a son of the name of Richard and his sister Isabella de Albeney, Countess of Arundell. Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, married Isabella, the second sister, by whom he had Richard Clare, Earl of Gloucester, who was father of the Lady Avise, Countess of Gloucester, and Christian, who was mother of Lord de Brus, Earl of Carrick, father of the King of Scotland. Eva de Braos, the third sister, had Matilda, who was mother of Edmund Mortimer, and the Lady Eva Cantelupe mother of the Lady Milsent de Mohun, and the Lady Eleanor, mother of the Earl of Hereford. Lord Warin de Mountchensy married Joan, the fourth sister, of whom was Joan de Valence ; Of Sibilla, Countess of Ferrers, the fifth sister, came seven daughters, ist. Agnes
de
Kildare ; to Eva, Dounmes in Leix (Duna- the right reading is probably Gloverniae. One
mase) (Hanmer, p. 356). Cox (p. 45) says, of the sisters of the third Gilbert Earl of
that "partition was made between these noble Gloucester, on his death at Bannockburn,
coparceners at Woodstock, May 3rd, 31 was called Countess of Gloucester.
Henry III." (1247). k Brus. — The grandmother of Robert
Isdbelle de Lacy. — The widow of Gil- Bruce, King of Scotland, was Christian,
bert son of Walter de Lacy, afterwards mar- daughter of Gilbert Earl of Gloucester,
ried to John Fitz- Geffrey. ' Johanna. — William de Valence, half
J Averince Camden conjectures Devoniae ; brother to Henry III., married Joan de Mon-
E2
Vesci, mater domini Johannis et Gulielmi de Vesci; 2a Isabella Bassett; 3* Johanna Mohun, uxor domini Johannis de Mohun; 4* Sibilla uxor domini Francissi de Bohun, domini de Midhurst; 5* Eleonora de Variism uxor comitis Wintoniag; 6a Agas uxor domini Hugonis de Mortymer; 7* Matylda de Kyme, domina de Carberi. Omnes predicti ex genealogia" sunt domini Gulielmi Mareshall.
1 220. Moritur dominus Meileirus filius Henrici, qui monasterium de Con- nail condidit, ibi sepultus.
1224. Castrum de Trym obsessum.
1225. Obiit Rogerus Pippard.
1228. Obiit Gunelmus Pippard0, quondam dominus de Saltis SalmonumP. Item Henricus Landres, archiepiscopus Dublinia.
1230. Henricus rex dedit Huberto de Burgo, j ustitiarum Hiberniae0- et tertium
denarium
chensy, and was created Earl of Pembroke. He had two sons, successively Lords of Pem- broke, both of whom died without issue, and two daughters eventually co-heiresses, Isabella and Joan ; of whom, Isabella married John Hastings, whose heiress was the wife of Lord Grey de Ruthyn. Joan, second daughter of William de Valence, married John Comyn, and had only two daughters, one of whom mar- ried Richard Talbot, the ancestor of the Earl of Shrewsbury. The second daughter of Joan Comyn married David Earl of Athol. Wex- ford was divided between these two ladies,
"' Eleonora de Variis Widow of Wil- liam de Vaulx, and third wife of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester — Mills' Catalo- gue of Honour, p. 957.
" Genealogia. — This genealogy of the daughters of William the Elder, Earl Mar- shall, is thus given in Pembridge (edition of 1607), and is here cited that it may be com- pared with that given in the text.
" Nomen prima Matildis le Mareschall, secunda Isabella de Clare, tertia Eva de
Breous, Quarta Joh. de Mountchensey, quinta Sibilla Comitissa de Ferrers. Hugo Bigod, Comes Norfolcia? desponsavit Matil. Mare- schall, qui fuit Comes Mareschall Angliae,jure uxorissuae, qui Hugo generavit Radul. Bigod, patrem Joan. Bigod, qui fuit filius Dom. Berthae de Furnyvall, et Isabellam de Lacy uxorem Domini Johannis Fitz Geffery, et quando Hugo Bigod, Comes de Northfolk fuit mortuus peperit ilia Johannem de Gua- renna Comitem de Surrey, et sororem Isa- bellam de Albeney Comitissam de Arondell. Gilbertus de Clare Comes de Glovernia de- sponsavit Isabellam secundam sororem, qui genuerunt Richardum de Clare Comitem de Glovernia, quae fuit mater Domina? Anisae Comitissse de Avernia, quae fuit mater Isa- bella? matris Domini Roberti de Brus Comitis de Carryk in Scotia et fuit Rex ejusdem Scotia?. De Eva de Breous tertia sorore generata est Matildis quae fuit mater Domini Edmundi de Mortuomari et mater Dominae Evae de Cauntelow, mater Dominae Milsoud de Mohune quae mater Dominie Alienora
de Vesci, mother of Lord John and William de Vesci ; 2nd, Isabella Basset ; 3rd, Joan Mohun, wife of Lord John de Mohun; 4th, Sibilla, wife of Lord Francis de Bohun, Lord of Midhurst; 5th, Eleanor de Vaux, wife of the Earl of Winton; 6th, Agas, wife of Lord Hugh de Mortimer; yth, Matilda de Kyme, Lady of Carbery. All the aforesaid are from the genealogy of Lord William Marshall.
1220. Death of Lord Meiler Fitz Henry, who founded the Abbey of Great Conall, Co. Kildare, he is buried there.
1224. The Castle of Trim is besieged.
1225. Death of Roger Pippard.
1228. Death of William Pippard, formerly Lord of Leixlip. Also Henry Loundres, Archbishop of Dublin.
1230. King Henry gave Hubert de Burgh the Justiciaryship of Ireland and
the
matris comitis Hereford. Dominus Guarinus de Mountchensey desponsavit Joannem de Mareschall quartam sororem, de qua venit Johanna de Valens. De Sibilla Comitissa de Ferrers, scilicet quinta sorore, fuerunt septem filise, prima Agnes de Vescy mater Domini Joannis et Domini Guilielmi de Vescy. Se- cunda Isabella Basset. Tertia Johanna Bohun uxor Domini Johannis de Mohun filii Domini Reginaldi. Quarta Sibilla de Mohun uxor Domini Francisci de Bohun Domini de Mid- hurst. Quinta Elianora de Vaus, quae fuit uxor Comitis Wintoniae. Sexta Agas de Mortuomari uxor Domini Hugonis de Mor- tuomari. Septima Matildis de Kyme Domina de Carbry."
Mills in the Catalogue of Honour states that Eva, who married William de Braos, had four daughters : 1st. Isabella, wife of David Prince of Wales, died s. p. 2nd. Maud, wife of Roger Mortimer. 3rd. Eva, wife of William Can- tilupe. 4th. Eleanor, wife of Humphry Lord Bohun, and mother of Humphry, who was Earl of Essex and also Earl of Hereford.
0 Gunelmus Pippard In 1301 (30th
Ed. I.) Ralph Pipard surrendered all his pos- sessions to the King, amongst them were the Castles de Saltu Salmonum, de Atrio Dei (Ardee), and of Dovenaghmayn — Rot. Pat. et Cl. Antiquissime, 21, 26.
p Saltis Salmonum. — The Barony of Salt, County Kildare, takes its name from Saltus Salmonum, the Salmon Leap at Leixlip.
1 Hibernice, — A mistake of the compiler. Pembridge had said that the King had given the Justiciaryship to Hubert de Burgh, mean- ing that he had made him Justice of Eng- land ; our transcriber supplied Hibernise. At this time Maurice Fitzgerald was Justiciary, and Geoffiry de Marisco Deputy. — Ware, Antiq., Harris's Edit., p. 103. Hanmer seems to have depended upon Grace, whom he quotes at 1208 and 1220. Cox (p. 60) states that Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, Chief Justice of England, was made Earl of Connaught and Lord Chief Justice of Ire- land for life ; he read Comitem Connacise for Comitem Canciae. Connaught was the
3°
denarium Cancise, fecitque eum comitem Canciss, postea autem in carcerem con- jectus est.
1 23 1 . Obiit Gulielmus Mareshallr Junior, comes Marshall et Penbrochiae.
1234. Ricardus comes Mareshall, Penbrochiaa et Strangulensis, primo idus Aprilis in planicie Kilderie in prelio vulneratus, post paucos dies interiit. Kil- kenise5 cum fratre sepelitur.
1241. Gualterus Laicius*, dominus Midias, in Anglia moritur, relictis duabus filiis heredibus, quarum altera nupsit domino Theobaldo de Verdon ; 2a Galfrido de Genevyle ; Hec Margarita, ilia Mabilia dicta est.
1242. Arx de Sligagh construitur per Mauritium fitz Geraldi justitiarium Hibernise. Rex Edwardus primusu cum ingenti exercitu Walliam invasit, vo- cavitque in subsidium Mauritium, qui cum Phelemeo O'Connorv rege Conacise
et
Lordship of Richard de Burgh, Hubert's
nephew (Rymer,vol. i. p. 213, A.D. 1234.)
All Connaught was then granted to Richard de Burgh after the death of the King of Con- naught for £1000 — Rot. Cl. 3 H. III. in Tur. Lond., quoted in Davis's Discovery, p. 105.
r Gulielmus Mareshall. — On the death of William Marshall, Junior, in 1231, the King ordered that his castles of Kilkenny, Odoch, Wexford, Ross, Dumas [Dunamase], Kather- loch [Carlow], Kildare, Kerry, and De Insula [Castle Island], should be delivered into the hands of Waleran the German — Rym. v. i. p. 199.
» Kilkenia. — Grace does not state in what church in Kilkenny Richard Marshall was buried. Hanmer says, " He lieth buried by his brother William in the Blacke Fryers at Kilkennye, which was the foundation of Wil- liam Earle Marshall, his father. His tombe, with the tombes of eighteen knights that came over at the Conquest, and resting in that Abbey, at the suppression of the Monasterie was defaced, and the inhabitants there turned
them to their private uses ; and of some they made swine-troughs, so as there remaineth no monument in the said Abbey save one stone, whereupon the picture of a knight is portraied bearing a shield about his necke, wherein the Cantwel's arms are in- sculped; and yet the people there call it Ryddir in Curry, that is, the knight slaine at the Curraghe." — Chron., p. 346.
M. Paris says, " Sepultus est in oratorio fratrum minorum apud Kilkenni ; ubi idem sepulturam elegerat : militise flos temporum modernorum." — Ad an. 1234, p. 340. He died April 1 6. Pembridge specifies the place of his burial in " Choro fratrum Praedicato- rum," the Dominican or Black Friars.
1 Gualterus Laicius. — See Matt. Paris in an. 1241, p. 491. He left two grand-daughters, Margaret and Matilda ; Margaret married John de Verdon, and Matilda married Geofiry de Geneville. The palatinate of Meath was divided between these two ladies, Lokseudy being the head of Verdon's moiety, and Trim that of Geneville's ; in 1330, after Verdon's for- feiture, the palatinate was reunited in favour
31
the Third Penny of Kent, and made him Earl of Kent, but afterwards he was thrown into prison.
1231. Death of William Marshall, Junior, Earl Marshall and Earl of Pem- broke.
1234. Richard Earl Marshall, of Pembroke and Strangul, was wounded on the 1 2th of April in a battle on the Curragh of Kildare, and died after a few days. He is buried at Kilkenny with his brother.
1241. Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath, died in England, leaving two daughters co-heiresses, the elder married Lord Theobald de Verdon ; the second, Geoffry de Geneville ; the one was called Margaret, the other Mabel.
1242. The Castle of Sligo is built by Maurice Fitzgerald, Justiciary of Ireland. King Edward the First [Henry the Third], with a great army invaded Wales, and summoned Maurice to his assistance, who went to him with Felim O'Conor, King of Connaught, and a very great multitude of men, and having
finished
of Roger Mortimer, who had married Gene- ville's grand-daughter and heiress. — Rot. Pat. 2 Hen. V. 137.
"Edwardus Primus — Edward the First was not King before 1272. In 1245 Henry III. invaded Wales, and summoned Maurice Fitz- gerald, Justiciary of Ireland, to his aid, but he was so long coming, although the wind was fair, that the King was displeased, and re- moved him from the government, appointing John Fitz- Geffrey Justiciary in his room. But Maurice took this patiently, as the death of his son which soon followed made him think lightly of earthly dignity — (M. Paris, ad an. 1245). Campion (p. 112) endeavours to smooth away the difficulty by calling Edward, not Kine, but Prince ; but in 1245 Edward was only six years old. The original proba- bly read only Rex, and Edward Primus was supplied by the transcriber. None of these events are mentioned in Pembridge.
v Phelemeo O'Connor In 1240 Felim
O' Conor, King of Connaught, went to London and besought Henry III. that he would not allow his true liege man (suum fidelem) who paid 5000 marks annually for his kingdom, to be dispossessed by that ignoble stranger, John de Burgh. The king ordered Maurice Fitz- Gerald, Justiciary, who was in his presence, to root out the barren fig tree (sycomorum in- fructuosam) planted in Connaught by Hubert de Burgh in the madness of his power, and not to suffer it to shoot forth. — (Matt. Paris in anno). In the last edition of Rymer, vol. i. p. 240, there is a letter from Felim O'Cono- hur, King of Connaught, to Henry III., thank- ing him for the many favours which he had conferred upon him, and especially for his having written in his behalf against Walter de Burgh to his Justiciary William Dene, and requesting that, as Dene had died before he received the king's letter, a like letter should be written to his successor, Richard de Rupella. This letter is given by Rymer
32
et maxima hominum multitudine adfuit, reque peracta, in Hiberniam remea- vit, dein Tirconell depredavit, mediamque regionis partem Cormaco mac Der- mod, mac Rory dedit, proque reliqua secum pignora abstulit, quibus in uree [arce] Slegagh relictis, iterum collecto exercitu Tirconel petit ; occurrit O'Donell cum suis ex tota Kineoil Conail ad vadum Atlishaniw, eos cum preterire minime audirent ibidem 7. dies definuit, missus igitur Cormacus cum equitum parte clam ad vadum Cuiluamiae*, Erne fluminis, terga hostium aggreditur, qui statim in fagam conversi sunt, ibi interfectus est Moilslaghlyn O'Donill, rex appellatus de Kevayle Covail, cum Gilley Canvinelagh O'Cugill2, et McSoerlia rege de Oirisgael, et primatibus de Kevaile Covaile, multi ex Anglis sumersi sunt in transitu fluminis Fin, et interfectus Atermanudaibogeb Guileilanus Butc vice- comes Cannacias cum fratre ejus juvene, tota regio depredata est, dominium de Kenailgonil divisum cum Rodrico O'Conor. Iterum etiam [justitiarius] eo duxerit [duxit] exercitum, regionem universam fere diripuit. Invasit etiam Tieoroganid regionem O'Nel6, a quo obsides suscepit, Rebelles etiam e Laginia expulit.
at the year 1240, but Dene was not Justiciary before 1260, in which year he died, and was succeeded by Rupella, or Capella, as he is sometimes called. The letter then must have been written in 1260-61, and must refer to further persecution on the part of the De Burghs, and to another instance of good na- tured, but probably ineffectual, interference on the part of the king.
w Athshani. — Ath-Seanagh, Ballyshannon. See O'Donovan's Notes to Circuit of Ireland in the first vol. of the Society's Tracts, p. 50. The Annals of Ulster have this entry at 1247. " M'Sumerlid killed by M' Moris (Maurice Fitz Maurice Fitz Gerald) at Belasena." — Annals of Ulster in Johnstone's Antiq. Celt. Norm.
x Cuiluamice. — Mr. J. O'Donovan, who is unrivalled in his knowledge of Irish topo- graphy, informs me that this is a well known
ford on the River Erne, near the village of Belleek. In the Ordnance Map it is named Bellacooloon.
y Gille — Should be Gille Camvinelagh, or the wrynecked. — O'Donovan.
z O'Cugill — Hanmer, who correctly places all these events in 1245, writes this name
rightly O'Bugill (O'Boyle) (Chronicle,
p. 394). Coencomrach O'Boighill.or O'Boil, was Suffragan Archbishop at Armagh in 1099 — (Ware's Bishops, p. 51). O'Boil's country was on the north of Lough Eask.
8 Mac Soerli — Mac Surley, Chief of Er- rigallj in the County of Derry. In the Ulster Annals above quoted he is called Mac Sumer- lid. Was he connected with Somerled, Lord of the Isles, whom Dr. O'Conor (O'Conor's Memoirs, p. 44) calls Dubghal Mac Somerly, Lord of the Hebrides ? In the Four Masters, who place these events in 1247, he is called
33
finished the business he returned into Ireland, and drove preys from Tirconnel and gave half of the country to Cormac M'Dcrmod, son of Roderick, and took away with him pledges for the remainder, whom he left in the Castle of Sligo ; having collected his army he again entered Tirconnel ; O'Donell meets him with all his men from Kinel Conell at the Ford of Athshan ; when they had not courage to pass them he stopped there seven days, and Cormac having been sent with a part of the horse privately to the ford at Bellacooloon on the River Erne, attacks the enemy in the rear, and immediately puts them to flight. There was killed there Moylslaghlin O'Donel, who was styled King of Kinel Conell, with O'Bugill [ O'Boyle~\ of the wry neck, and Mac Soerli, King of Errigal \_Argyle], and the chief men of Kinel Conell. Many of the English are drowned in passing the River Fin, and at Tarmon-Daboge William Bret, sheriff of Connaught, is slain, with his young brother. The whole country is plun- dered— the lordship of Kinel Conell is divided with Roderick O'Conor. The Justiciary again leads an army thither, and almost destroys the whole country. He also invaded Tyrone, the county of O'Neil, and took hostages from him ; he also expelled the rebels from Leinster.
1243-
(l Tieorogani. — Probably Tireogani, Ty- rone.
e O'Nel. — In 1244 Henry III. summon- ed Donnald, King of Terchenull (O'Donel, King of Tirconnell) to attend him in person in his expedition against Scotland. It is probable that this summons was neglected by O'Donnell and by the other Irish kings, who were summoned with him, and that this ex- pedition against him, which probably took place 1245, was made by the Justiciary in punishment of this contempt, and to defend Ulster, which O'Donnell had attacked on the
Mac Sorley, Lord of Argyle. It is probable that he was a cadet of the house of Somerled, who had established himself in Ulster.
b Atermanudaiboge. — This word should be thus resolved: Ad Termonum Dabeoci (Daboge). Termon or Tarmon prefixed to a saint's name, is no unusual element of names of places in Ireland ; it signifies that the place belonged to the church of the saint named, and was free from all imposition of the temporal lords — (See Davis' Letter to the Earl of Sa- lisbury and Ussher of Corbes). Termon- Dabheoc is now called Termon- Magrath, and lies in the County Donegal.
c Gulielmus But. — Hanmer and Cox call this man But. The Annals of Boyle mention the death of William Bret in battle in the year 1233. In the Annals of Inisfallen he is called But, and Brit in the Annals of the Four Mas- ters.
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. F
death of de Lacy in 1243 — Campion. The other kings summoned by Henry are thus printed in Rymer, vol. i. p. 256 : to the name of each is here added in Italics the name and style of his representative, as given in the State of Ireland in 1515, printed in State Pa- pers, Henry VIII., vol. ii. part iii. p. 1.
34
1243- Obiit Hugo Laci, comes Ultonise, unicam filiam relinquens, quam in uxorem duxit Gualterus de Burgo, et cum ea suscepit comitatum Ultoniae ; sepultus est Hugo apud Cnocfergus in convcntu fratrum. Moriuntur etiam Geraldus Mauricii, et Ricardus de Burgo.
1248. Dominus Johannes filius Galfridi Justiciarius Hybernias interficitur.
1250. Mac Canewei, filius BelialK, in Leis; Gulielmus Longaspantag cum multis aliis capitur.
1251. NasciturHenricusLaci. 1255. Alanus de Souche Justiciarius.
1 257. Obiit Mauricius Geraldi. Praelium Dunense inter Anglos et Hibernos Connaciae et Ultonise, ubi O Neil, Bernardus Oahedon [Cahedon ?] nuncupatus, occubuit; Giraldini in Desmonia cum excercitu Mac Kartih lacessunt, qui ab eo in fugam vereuntur, ubi ceciderunt Johannes Thomas, ejus filius Mauritius, 15. equites, et 8. barones. Johannes Cogan, Justitiarius Hibernian, et Tho- baldus Butler capti a filio domini Mauritii Fitz Gerot1.
1259. Stephanus de longa Spata Justitiarius. Interfectus [est] O Neil ad Dunum.
1260.
Felmino filio quondam Regis. (O'Conor). Oraly. Orayll de Brenye. (O'Reilly of East Brenny, or Cavan). Uhanlur. Ohanlowande Orryre. (O'Hanlon of Orior in Armagh). Bren O'Nel Regi de Kinehm'. The grente Oneylle, Chief Capytayne of Tyreeown (i. e. of Tyrone). O'Chatan. Ochan de Irraght Ichan. (O'Cahan of Kenoght in Derry). Ohynery, (a branch of the O'Cahans). Done- nald Mackdaniel. Markedonogh de Tyrorhill (M'Donough of Tiraghrill in Sligo ?) Mac Anegus. M' Eneas of Hyweagh. (Magennis of Upper Iveagh in Down). Mac Kartan. (M'Cartan of Kinelearty and Dufferin in Down). Mac Gilemuri. Oneylle of Treugh- onyll. O'Neil of Claneboy in S. W. of Antrim and N. of Down). Gfflen Regi de Turteri. (O'Flinnof Tuirtre in Antrim, E. of Lough
Neagh). Mac Machanen. Markmahunde of Iryshe UryelL (M'Mahon of Uriel in Mo- naghan). Mac O'Cahnery. (Harris in Leland, vol. i. p. 221, suspects that this is the chief of the Ostmen of Waterford. See Davis' Disco- very, p. 80). Conehor O. Brin fil' Dunecan. Carbrach de Thodmend. Obryen de Toybryen. (O'Brien of Toybrien in Clare). Cormacle- than Macardhy de Dessemon'. M'Hurrye of Desmond. (M'Cartymore of Desmond). Ros Ofalaner de Dessia. (O'Phelan of Deciesin Waterford). Ricardo Machermekan de Des- sia. Corf Othenuer de Fermuy. (Harris says, perhaps not correctly, O' Condon of Fermoy in Cork). Shonnethor O'Cafferlyde Corrac. O'Flahyrtye de Bonn. (O'Flaherty of Borin in Sligo). Macthulaner O'Kellic de Ochonyl. Okealy de Imuyne. (O'Kelly of
35
1243- Death of Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, he left only one daughter, who was married to Walter de Burgh, and brought him the Earldom of Ulster ; Hugh is buried at Carrickfergus in the Friary. Death of Gerald Fitz Maurice and of Richard de Burgh.
1248. Lord John Fitz Geffry, Justiciary of Ireland.
1250. Mac Canewei, a son of Belial, is slain in Leix, William LongEspee with many others is taken prisoner.
1251. Birth of Henry Lacy.
1255. Alan de la Zouche is Justiciary.
1257. Death of Maurice Fitz Gerald. A battle at Down between the English and the Irish of Connaught and Ulster, where fell O'Neil, called Ber- nard Cahedon. The Geraldines in Desmond attack M'Carty, and are routed by him, where fell John Fitz Thomas, his son Maurice, fifteen knights, and eight barons. John Cogan, the Justiciary of Ireland, and Theobald Butler taken prisoners by the son of Lord Maurice Fitz Gerald.
1 259. Stephen de LongEspee, Justiciary. O'Neil is slain at Down.
1260.
Kilconnell in Gal way). Murchod Macbrin de Natherlak. (Harris says, O' Brine of Rane- lagh in Wioklow).
In 1275 the Irish kings of Ulster are thus given in Rymer , vol. i. p. 520 : Od O ' Neill, King of Kenelyon (Tyrone). Commoy O'Kathran ( O' Cahan), King of Kenach. O' Nel, King of Yncheun (Innishowen ?). Mac Dumlene (Dun- levy), King of the Irish of Ulster. O'Flinn, King of Curcury (Turtury). O'Hanlon, King of Ergallia (Uriel). Mac Gilmori, Chief of Anderkin. Mac Kartan, King of Onelich. f Beliall — Pembridge says that this son of Belial was killed in Leix " sicut bene meruit," as he well deserved. The word " interficitur," by the error of the transcriber, has been trans- ferred in the MS. from this to the preceding entry.
• e Gulielmus Longaspanta — William Long Espee was killed in the battle of Massoura
F
in Egypt, when St. Louis was taken prisoner in his fatal attempt upon Cairo, the Babylon of the middle ages. It appears from M. Paris that a false report of the capture of Cairo at this time had reached Europe, as had also been the case in 1167, when Grace erroneously records its capture by Almaric, King of Jerusalem.
h Mac Karti Hanmer, p. 400, quoting
Clinne, places this defeat of the Geraldines at 1260. It is noticed by Pembridge very briefly at 1261.
* Fitz Gerot — There is great confusion in the entries for this and the following years. The events, which are given collectively under this date, being mentioned separately under the years 1259, 1261, and 1264. These An- nals were carelessly compiled from different authorities, all of them, unhappily, sufficiently meagre.
36
1260. Obiit Stephanus. Arx viridis in Ultonia dejicitur. Gulielmus Dene fit Justitiarius.
1261. Johannes filius Thomas, et Mauricius filius ejus interficiuntur in Des- monia a Mac Karthy. Obiit Gulielmus Dene Justitiarius, ei successit Capella".
1262. Obiit Ricardus Clare comes Gloverniae.
1 264. Mauritius filius Geraldi, et Mauritius11 filius Mauritii, ceperunt Ricar- dum de Capella, Justitiarium, et Theobaldum Butler, et Johanncm Cogan, apud Castellum Dermont.
1267. David de Barri Justitiarius.
1 268. Mauritius filius Mauritii subjungitur1. Item Dominus Robertus Uffor fit Justitiarius.
1269. Arx Roscomam conditur. Johannes de Troinis"1 Justitiarius.
1270. Jacobus de Audley Justitiarius.
1271. Pestis", fames, et gladius, in Hibernia et maxime in Media; interfici- tur Nicolaus de Verdon0, et Johannes frater ejus. Obiit Gualterus de Burgo comes Ultonia3.
1272. Interficitur Justitiarius Jacobus Audley, lapsus ab equo in Thothomo- mia, cui successit Mauritius Mauritii.
1273. Galfridusde Genevilep, rediens de terra sancta, fit Justitiarius.
1274.
j Capella — He is called Richard deRupella to this outrage at Castle Dei-mot, Maurice
in Felim's letter — See notes to 1241. Fitzmaurice Fit/gerald, Justiciary in 1272,
k Mauritius — It may be doubted whether and John Fitz Thomas, Earl of Kildare.
these two names do not signify the same per- ' Subjungitur. — Submergitur : Pembridge.
son. Pembridge reads Mauricius filius Ge- At 1267 Hanmer, quoting from the English
raldi et Mauricius filius Mauricii cepit. His Anonymous (Campion?) who seems to have
grammar is not always good, but this sole- read subjungitur, and to have considered it as
cism would be unusually gross, and struck equivalent to subjugat ur, says : " David Barry
Grace, who was not particular, and was cor- quelled or tamed (saith the English Anony-
rected by him into ceperunt: the original was mos) the insolent dealing of Maurice Fitzmau-
probably Mauricius filius Geraldi, i. e. Mauri- rice, cousin german to Gerald." At 1268, he
cius Mauricii. Lodge does not give two Mau- says, "the same year, saith Felcon (O'Fihely ?)
rice Fitzgeralds at this time. Cox (p. 70) says, and Clinne, Maurice Fitzgerald Earl of Des-
that the quarrel between the Fitzgeralds and mond, was drowned crossing the seas between
the Burkes originated in a dispute about some England and Ireland/' with this Cox agree^s,
lands in Connaught, and he names as parties except that he says, that Maurice Fitzgerald
37
1260. Death of Stephen LongEspee. Green Castle, in Ulster, is thrown down. William Dene is made Justiciary.
1261. John Fitz Thomas and Maurice his son are slain in Desmond by Mac Carty. Death of William Dene, Justiciary, he was succeeded by De Capella.
1262. Death of Richard Clare, Earl of Gloucester.
1264. Maurice Fitz Gerald and Maurice Fitz Maurice took prisoners at Castle Dermot, Richard de Capella, Justiciary, and Theobald Butler, and John Cogan.
1267. David de Barry, Justiciary.
1268. Maurice Fitz Maurice is subdued. Also Lord Robert Ufford is made Justiciary.
1 269. The Castle of Roscommon is built. John de Troinis, [de Exoniis'], Justiciary.
1270. James de Audley, Justiciary.
1271. Pestilence, famine, and the sword in Ireland, and chiefly in Meath; Nicholas de Verdon is slain and his brother John. Death of Walter de Burgh, Earl of Ulster.
1272. James Audley, Justiciary, is killed by a fall from his horse in Thomond, Maurice Fitz Maurice succeeded him.
1273. Geoffry de Genevillc returns from the Holy Land, and is made Justiciary.
1274.
was not of Desmond, but son of Maurice, who ing : and slew a great number of knights and
was Lord Justice in 1272 — See extracts from nobles that held with the Burke, especially the
M. Paris in note to 1242. Lord Richard Verdon and the Lord John
ni Johannes de Troinis. — Ricardusde Exoniis Verdon. in all other authorities. p Galfridus de Genevile — Geoffry de Join-
n Pestis. — In England this year was, " fru- ville, brother to Jean de Joinville, the com-
gifer, fructifer et quietus." — M. Paris. panion and historian of St. Louis, was the
0 Nicolaus de Verdon — Hanmer (p. 403) confidential friend of Edward the First, with
says, from Clinne, that in 1270 the King of whom he had probably now made the crusade.
Connaught, in a pitched battle, defeated He was the husband of Matilda de Lacy, and,
Walter Burke, Earl of Ulster, who hardly in her right, Lord of the Moiety of Meath
escaped with his life, yet died the year follow- See notes to 1241 and to 1308.
1 274. Edwardus primus9 rex constituitur, coronatus in festo S. Magni. Obiit Johannes de Verdona. Thomas Clarer in Hyberniam venit. Gulielmus Rogeri", Prior Hospitaliorum, [capitur] cum multis aliis apud Glendelori1, nonnullique interficiuntur ibidem.
i275u. Moridaghv capitur apud Noragh a Gualterode Faunt.
1276. Robertus DufFordw fit Justitiarius.
1277. O Brenex interficitur.
1278. Obiit David Barri, et Johannes Cogan.
1279. Robertus Dufford profectus in Angliam constituit loco ejus fratrem Robertum Fulburney. Mutata est moneta2. Tabula rotunda3 a Rogero de mor- tuo mari ad Kenelworth celebrata.
1280. Robertus Dufford Justiciarius rediit.
1281. Adam Cusacke Junior interfecit Gulielmum Baretb et alios quamplu- rcs in Connacia. Frater Stephanus Fulburn fit Justitiarius, rediit in Angliam Robertus.
1282. Occiditur Moritagh et Art Mac Murgh, frater ejus, apud Arclowe. Obiit Rogerus de mortuo mari.
1283. Arsitc Dubliniae pars, et Campanile Trinitatis.
1284.
q Edwardus primus — Although Henry III. King of Kenelyon, and Commoy O'Kathran,
died 16th November, 1272, Edward was not King of Kenacht, plundered and laid waste
crowned until 1274. Walsingham says that the lands of William Fitzwarin, Seneschal of
the coronation was celebrated " Dominica Ulster, but were afterwards defeated by the
infra Octavas Assumptionis B. Virginis," Seneschal and Hugh Byset, with the assist-
which in the year 1274 was August 19th or ance of N. O'Nel, King of Yncheun, and the
the Feast of St. Magnus — Vide JBrev. Sarum. other Irish chiefs of Ulster, whose names are
r Thomas Clare — Brother of Gilbert Earl given at the end of note e to 1242, from Ry-
of Gloucester, married the daughter of Mau- mer, vol. i. p. 520.
rice Fitz Maurice Fitz Gerald. v Moridagh Cox (p. 73) calls him " Mor-
s Gulielmus Rogeri William Fitz Roger, tagh, a strong tory." Walter L'Enfant is
Prior of Kilmainham, near Dublin. named in Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 16.
« Glindelori. — Or Glandilore, [Glenda- w Robert If Ufford. — Pembridge says,
lough?] a fastness in Pheagh Mac Hugh's " iterate cessit Galfridus de Genevile."
country, in the County Wicklow Harl. MS. x O Brene — O'Bryan Roe, King of Tho-
1291, British Museum. mond, taken and beheaded by Thomas de
"1275 — In this year the Mandevilles of Clare (Cox, p. 73). Cox adds, that afterwards
Ulster, with the assistance of Od O'Neil, the Irish drove Thomas and his father-in-law
39
1274- Edward the First is established King, he was crowned on the festi- val of St. Magnus, \_Aucfust ip^A]. Death of John de Verdon. Thomas Clare comes into Ireland. William Fitz Roger, Prior of the Hospitallers, is taken with many others at Glindelory, and some are slain there.
1275. Murtagh is taken at Norragh by Walter 1'Enfant.
1276. Robert d'Ufford is made Justiciary.
1277. O'Brene is killed.
1278. Death of David Barry and of John Cogan.
1279. Robert d'Ufford goes into England; he appointed in his place Friar Robert Fulburn. The money is changed. A Round Table held at Kenilworth by Roger de Mortimer.
1280. Robert d'Ufford, Justiciary, returned.
1281. Adam Cusacke, Junior, slew William Baret and many others in Con- naught. Friar Stephen Fulburn is made Justiciary, Robert d' Ufford returned into England.
1282. Murtagh and Arthur M'Morough his brother are slain at Arklow. Death of Roger de Mortimer.
1283. Part of Dublin burned, and the Belfry of Trinity Church.
1284.
into the mountains of Slieve Bloom, and kept halfpence were coined round, and farthings
them there until they were forced to feed upon coined for the first time. Round halfpence and
horseflesh, and at last, to surrender them- farthings were coined in Ireland by John as
selves prisoners ; and that to obtain their li- Lord of Ireland, and afterwards by that prince
berty, they were forced to give hostages that when he became king — Lindsay's View of
they would make satisfaction for O'Brine's the Coinage of Ireland, p. 24.
death, and surrender the Castle of Roscom- a Tabula rotunda — " Illustris Miles Roge-
mon. rus de Mortuomari apud Kelingworthe ludum
y Robertum Fulburne. — Stephen Fulburne militarem, quern vocant Rotundam Tabularn
was Bishop of Waterford from 1273 to 1286, 100 Militum ac tot Dominorum constituit." —
and was afterwards Archbishop of Tuam; he Walsing. Hist., in anno. 1280.
is called Robert both by Grace and by Pern- b Baret. — Syr Walter Barrette's sonnes de
bridge at this date, and Stephen by both at Tyrre Auly were amongst the great English
1281. rebels in Connaught in 1515. — State Papers,
1 Mutata est Moneta — The first coinage of H. VIII., vol. ii. part iii. p. 7-
Edward I. in England and in Ireland. — See c Arsit. — Nonas Januarii, (5th January). —
Ruding, vol. ii. p. 92. Walsingham states Pembridge.
that in 1280, for the first time in England, In 1303, Friar Henry of Cork, who hadbeen
40
1284- Capitur arxde Leyd a regulis Ofaliae, ct incenditur. Obiit Alfontius filins Eduardi. 12. annorum.
1285. Obiit Theobaldus Butler in Castello de Arclo. Captus est Geraldus Mauritii a suis Hibernis in Ofalia, et Ricardus Petit et S Dogee cum aliis non- nullis [interficiuntur]. JEditur strages magna apud Rathodf.
1286. Arsit le Norragh, et Arsollg, aliaque opida proxima Phillippo Stan- ton 1 6. Cal. Decembris. Calwagh capitur Kildariae. Obiit Thomas Clarus.
1287. Obiit frater Stephanus Fulburn, archiepiscopus Tuanensis, etsucces- sit Justitiarius Johannes Stanford11, archiepiscopus Dubliniae.
1290. Justitiarius Gulielmus Vesci. O Melaghlin1 rex Mediae interficitur. Gilbertus Clare ducit in uxorem dominam Johannam de Aeon, filiam Edwardi regis.
1291. Gilbertus Clare, filius Gilbert! et Johannas, 10 Maii ineunte natus. Ricardus, comes Ultonise, et Gulielmus Vesci, Justiciarius, Ultonise petunt cum exercitu, adversus O Hanlan et alios regulos pacem impedientes. Concessa Regi Edwardo decima pars omnium proventuum eccl[es]iasticorum in Hybernia per septennium a papa Martinc-i, in subsidium terre sancte.
1 293 . Gilbertus Clare cum uxore in Hyberniam appulit.
1294.
sent by the Prior of the church of the H. Trinity, to apply to its repair one year's income of Dublin, to collect alms throughout Ireland to every benefice in the diocese, which should build that church, had letters of protection. — become vacant in the next ten years — Regis- (Rot. Pat. 31, Ed. I. 19). Holinshed says, trum Moraviense, p. 349. Thus voluntary that the citizens, before they went about to re- contributions, compulsory labour, and the se- pair their own private buildings, agreed to- questration of ecclesiastical benefices, joined gether to make a collection for repairing the probably to heavy mortgages on Church pro- ruins of that ancient building first begun by perty, were occasionally used in aid of the the Danes. When St. Patrick's Church was usual funds for the building and the repair burned in 1370, sixty straggling and idle fel- of the churches of those times, lows were taken up and obliged to assist in (1 De Ley. — Lea Castle on the Barrow near repairing the church and building the steeple, Portarlington. It was taken on the morrow who when the work was over returned to their of St. Barnabas, June 12. — Pembridge. old trade of begging, but were banished out e Doge. — This name appears in the Calen- of the diocese in 1376 by Archbishop Wike- dar. Rot. Cl. v. Pat. Cancell. as Doget, Do- ford — Ware's Bishops, p. 333. ket, and Ducket, it is probably now Duckett. When the Church of St. Andrew's in Scot- These names are called Richard Petytand S. land was burned the Pope granted permission Doget by Pembridge ; and Gerald Doget and
41
1 284. The Castle of Ley is taken by the Chiefs of Ofaly, and is burned. Death of Alfonso, son of Edward, twelve years of age.
1285. Death of Theobald Butler in the Castle of Arklow. Gerald Fitz Maurice is taken by his own Irishmen in Ofaly, and Ralph Petit and G. Doget, with some others, are killed. There is a great slaughter at Rathod.
1286. Norragh burned, and Ardscoll, and other neighbouring towns, by Philip Stanton, on the 1 6th of November. Calwagh is taken at Kildare. Death of Thomas Clare.
1287. Death of Friar Stephen Fulburn, Archbishop of Tuam, John Saun- ford, Archbishop of Dublin, succeeded him as Justiciary.
1 290. William Vesci, Justiciary. O'Melaghlin, King of Meath, is killed. Gilbert Clare marries the Lady Joan of Acre, daughter of King Edward.
1291. Gilbert Clare, son of Gilbert and Joan, born on the morning of the lothofMay. Richard, Earl of Ulster, and William Vesci, Justiciary, go to Ulster with an army, against O'Hanlan and the other chiefs who hindered the peace. A tenth part of all ecclesiastical revenues in Ireland granted to King Edward for seven years by Pope Martin, for the aid of the Holy Land.
1293. Gilbert Clare with his wife landed in Ireland.
1294.
Ralph Petit by Marleburgh, Cox, and Holin- burgh says that this O'Melaghlin was killed
shed, who add that they were then slain. by M'Coghlan (of Delvin Ethra in King's
f Rathod. — Perhaps Rathood, near Nob- County), who at the same time slew William
ber, in the County Meath. Burke. The O'Melaghlins of Meath were
s Norragh et Arsoll. — Narraghmore and one of the five septs or bloods, " Qui gaudeant
Moate Ardscoll in Kildare. lege Anglicana, quoad brevia portanda," the
11 Johannes Stanford. — John de Saunford, others were O'Neale of Ulster, O'Conor of
Archbishop from 1284 to 1294. — Ware. Connaught, O'Brien of Thomond, and Mac-
' O'Melaghlin — O'Melaghlin's territories Murrogh, (Cavanagh), of Leinster Plea
were iu the west of Westmeath. In the state Roll. 3 Ed. II., quoted by Davies, Discovery,
of Ireland, 1515, he is called O'Mullaghlyn p. 79.
de Clyncolman, said in the note to be Clon- J Papa Martino. — Martin IV. Pope from
lonan in Westmeath. The O'Melaghlins 1281 to 1285. In 1291 Pope Nicholas IV.,
seem to have been attached to the English : after the capture of Acre by the Saracens,
O'Malan Helyn, chief of the Irish in Meath, granted to Edward I., as had been proposed
and O'Molaghlyn of Meath, were summoned by his predecessors Martin IV. and Hono-
respectively, by Edward II. in 1314, and by rius IV., the tenth of all ecclesiastical bene-
Edward III. in 1335 — (Rymer). Marie- fices for the last six years and for the next
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. G
i294k- Gulielmus Vesci1 accusavit Johannem Thomas feloniae; in Angliam navigarunt, relicto Gulielmo de Lahay loco Justitiarii. Provocavit Gulielmum Johannes ad duellum, is pugnam detractans in Franciam aufugit; quse illius fuerunt omnia Rex Joliaiini donavit, id est Kildare et Rathengam, et alia multa. Ricardus™, comes Ultonise, captus est a Johanne filio Thomas in castro de Lega, id est Lei, et detinuit aliquandiu, liberatus autem est regis parliamento apud Kil- kenni : in mulctam Johannes possessiones suas perdidit, Sligo et quaecumque habuit in Connacia, item castrum Kyldarias. Kildaria et circumjacens regio spoliatur ab Anglis et Hibcrnis. Calwagh combussit rotulos et taleas. Cum magna penuria in Hibernia per 3. annos continues et pestis. Gulielmus 1 )odingzele" Justitiarius.
1295.
six years at the full value, for the relief of the Holy Land — Rymer, vol. i. pp. 731, 752. In 1292 the barons, nobles, and commons of Ire- land, with the English having lands in Ireland and the clergy of Ireland, granted to the king a fifteenth of the moveables of themselves and their tenants, saving thereout their arms, equipages, treasure, and wardrobe. — Records in Tur. London, quoted in Betham's Digni- ties, p. 259, and in Lynch's Feudal Dignities, p. 307. Pembridge says, that this fifteenth was granted only by the laity, and that it was to be levied at Michaelmas. In 1270 Henry III. commanded the Irish Churchmen to pay the tenths of all their benefices which the Pcpe had granted to him for three years, and which he had given to his Queen Eleanor, who had as yet received little profit at great expense, and had appointed Stephen de Fulburn, Hos- pitaler, and John de Bosco, her proctors for the receipt thereof. — Rymer, vol. i. p. 485.
k 1294. — In this year the following Irish nobles were summoned to attend the King in Gascony. Peter Fitz James de Bermyngham, Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, Theobald le Butiller, Thomas Fitzmaurice, John de
Cogan, John de Barry. — Rymer, vol. i. p. 805.
1 Gulielmus Vesci. — William Vesci, in right of his mother Agnes, one of the daughters of Sibilla, Countess of Ferrers, to whom as one of the sisters of the Earls Marshall, the county of Kildare was assigned, was entitled to a seventh part of Kildare, and a dispute about their estates was probably the cause of the feud between him and the Lord of Offaley. On the 21st of April, 1294, the king issued a writ to William de Estdene, Treasurer of Ire- land, Robert Bagot and Walter de la Haye, Escheator of Ireland, commanding them that with regard to the duel between William de Vescy and John Fitz Thomas, for which se- curity had been given before them, they should make speedy inquiry concerning the complaints preferred before the king in his last parlia- ment at Westminster, by John Fitz Thomas and others, against the said William, and that they, and both the parties, should be before the king on Trinity Monday at Westminster, until which time nothing further should be done. — Rymer, vol. i. p. 799. Archdall (Peer- age de Yescy) says, that three years after, (24
43
1 294. William Vesci accused John Fitz Thomas of felony ; they sailed to England, William de La-Hay being left in the place of Justiciary. John chal- lenged William to single combat, but he, to avoid fighting, fled to France ; the King gave to John all that was his ; that is, Kildare and Rathangan, and many other things. Richard, Earl of Ulster, is taken by John Fitz Thomas in the castle of Lega, that is Ley, and detained for some time, but he was set at liberty by the King's parliament at Kilkenny : as a penalty John lost his possessions, Sligo and whatever else he had in Connaught, also the castle of Kildare. Kildare and the surrounding country is wasted by the English and by the Irish. Calwagh burned the rolls and tallies of the county. A great scarcity in Ireland for three years continually, and pestilence. William D'Odingzell Justiciary.
1295.
Ed. I.) W. de Vescy had summons to parlia- ment among the barons of England, having that year and often served in the wars of Gas- cony, and that the year following the king seized his lands in England and Scotland, on account of the rebellion of his tenants ; but upon the formal surrender of all his manors and castles in Ireland forgave him all his
debts due to the Exchequer. In 1297 William de Vescy surrendered to King Edward the castle, manor, and county of Kildare, to wit, every thing he had, or could have, in Ireland, and the king directed his Justiciary, John Wogan, to take possession of them. — Rot. Can. Antiq. 45, 46. In 1298 John de Mohun, who was also one of Sibilla's heirs, exchanged with the king his lands, knight's fees, and ad- vowsons, as well within as without the county of Kildare, for the manor of Long Cumpton in Warwickshire — Rot. Can. Antiq., p. 48. Kildare remained in the king's hands until the 14th of May, 1316, (Rot. Cl. 2 Ed. II. 10), when Edward II., by letters patent, declared that he had granted to John Fitz Thomas " castrum et villam de Kildare cum terris, redditibus, et aliis pertinentiis suis, sub honore et nomine Comitis de Kildare, ipsumque pre-
fecisse in comitem ejusdem loci." — Lodge's Peerage, Kildare. From this patent the sheriffship was specially excepted ; but 10th September, 1318, the king issued a writ to the sheriff informing him that he had granted to the earl the sheriffship and the liberty of Kildare, " adeo plene sicut Domini Libertatis earn habuere antequam ad manus Edwardi I. devenit."— Rot. Pat. II. Ed. II. 2* pars. 17-
m Ricardus — Pembridge says, that he was taken cito post festum S. Nicolai (Dec. 6), and detained in Lea Castle, ad festum S. Gre- gorii PapcE (March 12). This feud must have caused general commotion as in 1320 there is the following entry : Rex, recitat monstrasse sibi Johannem de Tuyt * * * quod cum ipse et Ricardus Boscher exstitissent col- lectores quintedecime Edwardo I. in Midia concesse £47 8s. remansere in arreragio super cornpotum suum ad scaccarium que propter capcionem Ricardi de Burgo comitis Ultonie per Johannem filium Thome et alias turba- ciones ubique in Hibernia levari non potue- runt, pardonavit ei medietatem ipsum contin- gentem de arreragio prsedicto. — Rot. Pat. 13 Ed. II. 80.
n Dodingzele — William de Odyngseles on
G2
44
I2p5- Obiit Gulielmus Dodingzele, huic successit Thomas Mauritii. La- ginenses Hiberni Lageniam vastarunt, Novum castrum0 cum aliis cremarunt. Johannes Voganp, Justitiarius, Thoma cedente ei ; . . . . inducias fecit inter comi- tem Ultoniac; et Johannem Thomas et Geraldinos per biennium. Gilbertus Clare, comes GloArernise moritur.
1296. Navigarunt ad regem in Scotiam proficisentem magnates Hibernias, Johannes Vogan Justitiarius, Ricardus de Burgo comes Ultoniae, Theobaldvis Buteler, et Johannes filius Thomse, cum multis aliis.
i297(|. Arsit Leghlinia per Hibernos Slemergir. Galweith O'Hanlan et Inegus Mac Maghon interficiuntur in Vagalia, [Urgalia].
1298. Pax inter comitem Ultonias [et] Johannem Thomas.
1 299. Obiit Theobaldus Butler junior in manario de Turvi.
1300. Prohibetur numisma pollardorum8.
1301. Edwardus rex in Scotiam proficiscitur; navigant ad eum Johannes Vogan Justitiarius, et Johannes Thomas, et Petrus Brimingham. Arsit1 magna pars comitatus [civitatis?] Dublinias. Dominus de Genevile" duxitfiliam Johan- nis de Montfort. Johannes de mortuo mari filiam heredi[s] domini de Gene-
[vile],
the 25th November of this year had a grant of lands and of the castle of Donymegan in Connaught, on the death of Archbishop John de Saunford — Rot. Can. Antiq., p. 30.
0 Novum castrum. — Newcastle M'Kyne- gan, in Wicklow.
v Johannes Vogan. — On the 18th October, 1 295, John Wogan was ordered to have ready 10,000 foot, and as many horsemen as he thought fit, to cross the sea in the King's ser- vice : of the same date he had letters of cre- dence directed to the Irish nobles, whose names are printed in the appendix from Ry- mer, vol. i. p. 829. Pembridge says, that the king feasted these Irish nobles in Roxburgh Castle on the day of Pentecost, which was the 111 Ides of May— May 13.
<» 1297- — From Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 15, it
appears that John Fitz Thomas and other Irish nobles were with the king this year in Flanders, when the English lords refused to attend him.
r Slemergi — The barony of Slewmargy in the Queen's County.
* Pollardorum — Walsingham says, that the surreptitious and unlawful money of foreign- ers, which they called Pollards, and Cocodons, and Rosaries, and which had crept in gra- dually and secretly in the place of Sterlings, is cried down. King Edward first ordered that this money should pass for a halfpenny, and then altogether drove it out of the country, for the Frenchmen made this money, which was not of silver, but merely plated over, and it passed in many places for sterlings, and many were deceived by it — Hist. Angl. A. D. 1301.
Were these coins, which are called Pollards
45
William D'Odingzell died, he was succeeded by Thomas Fitz Maurice. The Irish of Leinster wasted Leinster, they burned Newcastle and other places. John Wogan Justiciary on the resignation of Thomas; he made a truce for two years between the Earl of Ulster and John Fitz Thomas and the Geraldines. Gilbert Clare, Earl of Gloucester, dies.
1296. The Magnates of Ireland sailed to the king, who was going into Scotland, namely, John Wogan, Justiciary, Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, Theobald Butler, and John Fitz Thomas, with many others.
1297. Leighlin burned by the Irish of Slewmargy. Galweith O'Hanlon and Angus M'Mahon are killed in Uriel.
1298. Peace between the Earl of Ulster and John Fitz Thomas. 1 299. Theobald Butler, Junior, died at the Manor of Turvey.
1300. The money of the Pollards is cried down.
1301. King Edward goes into Scotland; there go to him John Wogan, Justiciary, and John Fitz Thomas and Peter Birmingham. Great part of the city of Dublin is burned. The Lord Geneville married the daughter of John de Montfort. John de Mortimer married the daughter of the heir of the Lord
Geneville,
or Ballards, (Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 66), the money of the Ballardi, money dealers of Lucca, who had transactions with these coun- tries at that time ? — (Rymer, vol. ii. p. 37). In the character of the foreign money dealers there was nothing inconsistent with the issuing of light or bad money ; they seem to have been guilty of great extortion. Matt. Paris (page 353) gives a copy of one of their bonds, by w hich it appears that they charged at the rate of 60 per cent, for their loans. — See also Du Cange voce Caorsini. Their chief debtors seem to have been the religious houses, who were pro- bably better security than laymen : the monks may have borrowed money to defray the ex- actions of the king or of the Pope, or to enable them to erect those buildings with which they adorned the country ; some of which still give
evidence of their taste and splendour, and which were the abodes of all the civilization and literature then in Ireland.
' Arsit. — This fire is said by Pembridge to have occurred on St. Colme's Eve (October 22nd), and to have destroyed St. Werburgh's church. It seems to have been confined to the south side of the river, and is not to be confounded with the fire on the north side in 1304.
" Dominus de Genevile. — Who this was it is not easy to discover. Johannes de Mortuo- mari was Roger Mortimer, Lord of Wigmore, and in right of his grandmother, Matilda de Braos, Lord of Dunamase or Leix. He mar- ried Matilda, daughter of Peter de Geneville and granddaughter of Geoffry de Geneville and Matilda de Lacy.
[vile], et Theobaldus de Verdon filiam Rogeri de Mortuo Man. Rebellarunt Laginiensesv et regionem vastarunt, verum suis despoliati penas dederunt ; occisi sunt 300 latronum fere. Gualterus Poner magnara partem Momoniae devastat.
1302. Obiit Matilda de Laciw, uxor Galfridi de Genevile. Decimae* omnium beneficiorum Hibernise exactas a papa in subsidium ecclesias, contra regem Aro- gonum. Hugo de Laci depredavit Hugonem Vernaily, in die circuinsitionis. Johannes [Robertus] le Brusz comes de Carrick ducit in uxorem Elizabeth filiam Ricardi de Burgo comitis Ultoniae, et dominus Butler filiam Johannis Fitz Thomas.
1303. Ricardus de Burgoa et Eustatius le Pover cum ingenti exercitu inva- serunt Scotiam in auxilium regis. Obiit Geraldus heres filius Johannis Thomas Obiit Comitissa Ultoniae. Robertus Percevaltb et Walvamis Welsley interfecti sunt.
v Laginiemes — They burned Wicklow and Rathdown in the winter. — Pembridge. Wal- ter le Poer laid waste Munster against the king's peace — Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 48.
"Matilda de Lad — There were at this time two Matilda de Lacys — one of them the wife of Geoffry de Geneville, the other the wife of David (Loundres) Baron of Naas, who in 1301 made a grant of lands in Coly and of the ad- vowson of the church of Carlingford to the priory of Kilmainham. — Archdall's Mon. Hib., p. 226. The compiler of these Annals has called them both the wife of Geoffry de Geneville, and has entered her death under this year, and also in 1304. The church of Carlingford, the church of Ruskach, and the churches and chapels of all Coly, had previously been granted by Hugh de Lascy, Earl of Ulster, to the Priory of St. Andrew's in Scotland. — Regist. Prior. St. Andree in Scotia, p. 118. Geneville's wife had first married Peter de Geneva, or Genevre, called by Matt. Paris, who mentions his death in
1304.
1256, a low born Provencal. On Walter de Lacy's death in 1243, he and his wife Matilda de Lacy had an order for the castle of Lud- low as part of her possessions — Rot. Tur. Lond. 28 Hen. III.
x Decimce — December 15th, 1300, Boni- face VIII. directed a bull to Edward I. com- plaining that the tenth of ecclesiastical bene- fices granted to the king by Nicholas IV. on condition of his making a crusade, and which had been paid in Ireland to the Pope's collec- tors of the society of the Spini of Florence, had been arrested by the justiciary, and ex- horting him to order that the said merchants should be allowed to bring away the said tenth from Ireland, "tarn in pecunia, quam in aliis rebus." — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 926. He after- wards, February 24th, 1301, gave to the king whatever had been paid to him for the three first years. — Ibid., p. 928. The remaining three years he seems to have reserved to his own use. There was peace at this time be- tween Boniface VIII. and James II., King of
47
Geneville, and Theobald de Verdon the daughter of Roger de Mortimer. The Leinster men rebelled and plundered the country, but were punished by the loss of their goods ; nearly three hundred of the robbers are slain. Walter Power devastates great part of Munster.
1302. Matilda de Lacy, wife of Geoffry de Geneville, died. The tenths of all benefices exacted by the Pope in aid of the Church against the King of Arragon. Hugh de Lacy plundered Hugh Vernail, on the day of the circum- cision (January ist.) Robert le Brus, Earl of Carrick, married Elizabeth, daughter of Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and the Lord Butler the daughter of John Fitz Thomas.
1303. Richard de Burgh and Eustace le Power with a great army invaded Scotland in aid of the king. Gerald, son and heir of John Fitz Thomas, died. The Countess of Ulster died. Robert Perceval and Waleran Wellesley are slain.
1304.
Arragon — Mariana, Hist. D'Espagne, vol. iii. p. 276.
•v Vernail. — Vernail had married one of the co-heiresses of Misset, Baron of Lune, and in her right possessed large estates in Meath, to which perhaps Hugh de Lacy made some claim. In the 50th of Ed. III. Thomas Ver- noile " Chevaler" was summoned to parlia- ment and fined for his absence, he pleaded that none of his ancestors had been summoned except as commoners, and that he could not attend that parliament but to the ruin of his country, from the wars carried on by the O' Conors and the Birminghams. The King commanded that the latter point only should be inquired into. He continued to be sum- moned afterwards as a feudal baron. — Lynch's Feudal Dignities, p. 127.
z Le Brus — King Robert the Bruce.
a Rlcardus de Bur go. — Richard de Burgh and Eustache le Poer, with many other Irish nobles, had letters of protection as intending to go to Scotland this year. Richard de Burgh
was in command. — Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 21. Gil- bert de Sutton and Henry Estmund, who had been appointed to provide ships in Wexford and elsewhere, for the passage of the Earl of Ulster and the other nobles, was ordered to be at Dalkey [near Dublin] before the Feast of
Trinity Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. 1.54,55. John Fitz
Thomas, who was also going to Scotland, had permission to transfer the custody of the County of Kerry to Maurice Fitz Thomas — Same Roll. 20. From a writ to the Treasurer and Chamberlain of the Exchequer, dated 12th September, 1309, it appears that Edward I. owed Richard de Burgh £4000 for his wages in the Scotch war, of which sum £2150 15s. was still due ; at the instance of Piers Gavas- ton, Earl of Cornwall, Lieutenant of Ireland, the king ordered payment to be made " tarn de decima biennali quam de aliis quibuscumque denariis in Thesauro." — Rot. Cl. 2 Ed. 11. 16. '' Robertus Percevalt. — Robert Persevall and Walran de Wylesleye were amongst the Irish nobles to whom Geoffry de Geynvell and John
48
1304. Arsit vicus pontis Dubliniae cum magna parte kei, et ecclcsia pre- dicatorum0, et ecclesia raonacorumd cum magna parte monasterii, in festo Me- darde. Primus lapis [ecclesise] fratrum predicatorum ponitur ab Eustatio Pover. Obiit Matildis Laci uxor Galfridi Genevile.
1305. Jordanus Comin cum sociis suis interfecit Moritagli O Conhur, regem Ofaliae cum fratre Calwagh6 in curia Petri Brimighehan apud Carricke in Car- beria. Gilbertus Sutton, senescallusf Wesfordiac, interfectus est ab Hibernis prope villam Halnudi Grace. Hamundus strenue pugnando evasit.
1306. Occiditur Odimicig, dux Reganorum, ab O Congliur in Castro de Geshill cum multis suorum. Obiit O Brene rex Thothomoniae. Donaldus Oge
Mac Karthv
Wogan had letters of credence respecting the war in Scotland, February 23, 1302 — Rymer, vol. i. p. 938. The list there given is the most complete list extant of the Irish gentry at the commencement of the fourteenth century. It is printed in the Appendix. Waleran or Vale- rian is still a name in the Wellesley family. In Lynch's Feudal Dignities, p. 100, two in- quisitions are referred to, of the years 1538 and 1550, in which it is stated that the Wel- lesleys held the manor of Dengin of the king as of his manor of Trim by grand sergeancy, viz., by bearing the standard of the lord the king in his wars in Ireland. There are some difficulties about this interesting fact, which it is to be lamented that Mr. Lynch did not notice : I. The Wellesleys are descended from the Standard Bearer of Henry II. (see inscription on monument at Laracor, County Meath), but the Cusakes were in possession of Dengin in the time of Richard II. (Rot. Pat. 4 R. II.), and it would be an extraordinary coincidence that the descendants of Hem-y II.'s standard bearer should inherit in the fourteenth century amanor to which that office was attached. 2. As Dengin was in the Palatinate of Meath, it requires some explanation to account how it happened
that it was held not of the Lord of Meath, but of the king, and held of the manor of Trim, which then belonged to the Archbishop of Armagh. The glories of the present Wel- lesleys make every thing interesting which is connected with their adopted name which is now memorable for ever.
0 Predicatorum — The Friary of St. Saviour or the Dominican Abbey, on the site of the present Four Courts.
d Monacorum — St. Mary's Abbey of Cis- tercians. In this abbey were burned all the Chancery rolls from the time that Thomas Cantok was appointed Chancellor in 1292 to 1300, except two rolls for that year. It is not stated that any other rolls were destroyed ex- cept Thomas Cantok's rolls. See the inven- tory of rolls given to Walter de Thornbury, Chancellor, by Bishop Cantok's executors. — Rot. Claus. 2 Ed. II. 416.
e Calwagh Probably the same person who
burned Kildare in 1294. The death of Cal- wagh and his brother is cited as an instance of the treachery of the English to their Irish neighbours, in the remonstrance sent to Pope John XXII. in 1315, and translated in O'Con- or 's Memoirs, p. 74. " Just as Peter Br umiche-
49
1304. Bridge-street, Dublin, burned, with great part of the quay, and the church of the Friars Preachers, and the church of the Monks, with great part of the monastery, on the feast of Medard (June 8). The first stone of the church of the Friars Preachers is laid by Eustace Power. Matilda Lacy, wife of Geoffry Geneville, died.
1305. Jordan Comin, with his comrades, slew Murtagh O'Conor, King of Ofaly, and his brother Calwagh, at the court of Peter Birmingham at Carrick in Carbery. Gilbert Button, Seneschal of Wexford, is slain by the Irish near the town of Hamond Grace. Hamond escaped by boldly fighting.
1306. O'Dempsy, chief of the Regans, is killed by O'Conor in the castle of Geashill, King's County, with many of his men. O'Brien, King of Thomond,
died.
hame, who is since called " the treacherous baron," did, with Mauritius de S ***** (O'Conor ?) his fellow sponsor, arid said Mau- ritius' brother, Calvacus, men much esteemed for their talents and their honour among us, invite them to an entertainment on the feast day of the Holy Trinity ; and on that day, the instant they stood up from' the table, he cruelly massacred them with twenty-four of their followers, and sold their heads at a dear price to their enemies ; and when he was ar- raigned before the King of England, the pre- sent king's father, no justice could be obtained against such a nefarious and treacherous of- fender." Jordan Comyn, to whom this act is ascribed by Pembridge and Grace, was employed by John Wogan in Wicklow, in 1309 — Rot. Cl. 2 Ed. II. 77. Pembridge says, "Jordanus Comyn cum complicibus," with his accomplices, evidently condemning the act.
f Senescallus — Wexford was then a palati- nate, and was governed, not by a sheriff, but by a seneschal appointed by Aymer de Valence, Earl of Pembroke and Lord of Wexford, in right of his mother Joan de Montchensey,
daughter and heiress of Joan Marshall.
8 OdimicL — In this engagement O'Conor was defeated. — Pembridge. O'Dynsye de Clynvalyre (O'Dempsy of Glinmaliry, Queen's County), — State of Ireland, 1515, — at that time O'Doyn (O'Dunn) was chief of Oregan. Terence O'Dempsy was created Viscount Clanmalier in 1631. Fyn O'Dymsy is one of the Irish chiefs, to whom Edward II. wrote to request that they would attend him in his expedition to Scotland, at the requisition of Theobald de Verdon, Justiciary, and under the command of Richard Earl of Ulster. The other Irish chiefs to whom like letters were written are thus given in Rymer, vol. ii. p. 245. Eth' O'Konhor, chief of the Irish of Connaught, Eth' O'Donnuld of Tyrconil, Dermod O'Kahan of Fernetrewe, Doneval O'Neel of Tyrowyn, Neel Macbren of Ky- nallewan, Eth' Offlyn of Turtery, Admely Mac Anegus of Onehagh, Neel O'Hanlan of Erthere (Orior), Bien Mac Mahun of Uriel, Lauercagh Mac Wyr (M'Guire) of Lough- erin, Gillys O'Railly of Bresfeny, Gef- frei O'Fergy of Montiragwil, Felyn O'Ho- noghui (O'Connor) of Connach, Donethuth
IRISH AKCH. SOC. 3.
H
5°
Mac Karthy interfecit Donaldum Russum, regem Desmoniae. Petrus Bremigham affectus magna clade in confinibus Midiae. In Maio, Ballimoreh, oppidum Lage- nise incenditur ab Hibernis, interfecto ibi Henrico Calf. Colligitur exercitus ab Anglis adversus Lagenos ; in prelio1 egregie se gessit Thomas Mandule eques. Thomas Cantokj fit cancellarius. Ricardus Feinigesk archiepiscopus Dublin obiit, huic successit Ricardus Havrings, qui per quinquennium sedens, in somnio1 admonitus, de onere offitii cessit Johanni Leche. In die S. Patricii capitur Ricar- dus Mac Ciochi cum 2bus. filiis in castro novo a Thoma Swethym, et Lorcanus O Boni latro nobilissimus ibidem capite plectitur.
1307. Kl. Aprilis capite plectitur Murcardus Ballagh, a David Caunton equite stremio. Interficitur etiam Adamn Darii. Fit clades Anglorum in Con- nacia die Phillippi et Jacobi per O Scheles0. Predones etiam Offalii diruerunt arcem Gcisellensem, et oppidum legensem Jgne vastamntP, arcem obsiderunt, verum brevi repulsi sunt, a Johanne Thomas et Edmundo Butler. Moritur Kdwardus Rex. Templariiq in Hibernia capiuntur postridie purificationis Marias.
1308. Idibus April, obiit Petrus Breminghamr nobilis Hibernorum domator.
Idibus
O'Bien of Tothmund, Dermod Mac Arthy of Dessemound, Denenol Carbragh, Maur, Kenenagh (Kavanagh) Mac Murgh, Mur- thugh O'Bryn, David O'Tothvill (O'Toole), Dermod O'Tonoghur of Offaly (O' Conor Ophaly), Sonethuth Mac Gillephatrick, Leys- sagh O'Morth, Gilbertus Ekelly chief of O'Many, Mac Ethelan, O'Malan Helan (O'Melaghlin), chief of the Irish of Meath.
h Baltimore Ballymore Eustace in Co.
Dublin. Henry Haket, late sheriff of Tipper- ary, had an order for ten marks which he had paid to Peter Racket for three horses lost in the burning of Balymore, dated November 10 Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 15.
' In prelio — At Glenfell — Pembridge.
j Thomas Cantok — He was Chancellor in 1292, and again in 1295 — (Harris' Table in Ware). He was now consecrated Bishop of
Emly — (Pembridge). Harris makes Thorn- bury succeed Cantok as Chancellor in 1293, appoints Cantok again in 1295, and makes Richard de Bereford succeed him in 1314; but it appears from Close Roll. 2 Ed. II. already quoted, that Cantok was dead and had been succeeded by Thornbury as Chan- cellor in 1309.
k Ricardus Feiniges — Richard de Ferings, Archbishop from 1299 to 1306. On his death Richard Havering was elected by the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's, he re- signed in 1313, and does not appear to have been consecrated. In 1311 John Lech was promoted to the See of Dublin. He had pre- viously been bishopelect of Dunkeld. — Harris' Ware's Bishops, p. 327, 328.
1 In somnio. — His nephew the Archdeacon of Dublin told how, in his sleep, he saw a
51
died. Donald Oge M'Carty killed Donald tlie Red, King of Desmond. Peter Birmingham lost many men in the borders of Meath. In May, Ballimore, a town of Leinster, is burned by the Irish, and Henry Calf is slain there. The English collect an army against the Leinster men ; Sir Thomas Mandeville be- haved nobly in battle. Thomas Cantok is made Chancellor. Richard Feringes, Archbishop of Dublin, died, he was succeeded by Richard Havering, who, after sitting for five years, being admonished in a dream, resigned the burden of office to John Leche. On St. Patrick's day Richard M'Ciochi is taken with his two sons at Newcastle by Thomas Sneterby, and Lorcan O'Bone, a very famous rob- ber, is there beheaded.
1307. On the first of April Murcard Ballagh is beheaded by that brave knight David Canteton. Adam Dan is also killed. The English in Connaught, on the day of St. Philip and James (May ist), are slaughtered by the O'Scheles. The robbers also, of OfFaly, destroyed the castle of Geashill and burned the town of Leix, and laid siege to the castle, but they were shortly driven back by John Fitz Thomas and Edmund Butler. King Edward dies. The Templars in Ireland are taken prisoners the day of the Purification of the Virgin (Fe- bruary 3rd).
1308. On the 1 3th of April died Peter Birmingham, the noble tamer of the
Irish
monster heavier than all the world standing on No similar entry is in Pembridge, but in the
his breast, from which he would give the wealth preceding year mention is made of the cap-
of all the world to be relieved ; and that when ture by the English in Scotland of the Earl of
he awoke, he thought it was nothing else than Asceles ( Athole) : is it possible that the MS.
the church of Dublin whose fruits he re- may have confused these names ?
ceived, although he did nothing for them. P Vastarunt — The eve of the translation
He, therefore, resigned it immediately to the of St. Thomas ("July 6) — Pembridge, who
Pope, for he had, as the Archdeacon asserted, calls oppidum legense villam de Lega, i. e.
richer benefices than his archbishopric. Ly.
m Swethy. — Perhaps Sneterby, a name of q Templarii — The Templars fell victims
frequent occurrence in Irish records of this to their ambition and love of power, and to
date. Mac Ciochi is Mac Nochi in Pembridge. their reputed infidelity and profligacy, of
n Adam Adam Dan Pembridge. which, when removed to the monasteries, they
0 OScheles Cox says, " And on the 1st of gave no sign. — Walsingham in anno. They
May the Oscheles (perhaps O'Kellys) in Con- had been arrested in England on the morrow
naught routed and slew many Englishmen." of the Epiphany.
He seems to have taken this entry from Grace. r Petrus Bremingham — It was probably
H2
52
Idibus8 Mail conburitur arx Kilkennii1, custodibus interfcctis a Gulielmo Mac Waltero O Cnigonu, O Thotliiles cum sociis. Idem Courconlyv oppidum [com- burunt?]. Cladis accepta a Jolianne Vogan Justitiaro. 6. iduum Junii prope Glindelory, ubi occiditur Johannes Hogelin™, Johannes Norton, Johannes Breton cum multis aliis. 16 Kalend. Julii ab eisdem comburitur Donlovan, Tobirx et alia oppida multa. Petrus Gaveston proscriptus a primatibus Anglise in Hiberniam venit cum uxore scilicet sorore comitissay Gloverniaa, Dubliniam cum magna pompa ingressus est, ubi concedit. Gulielmus Mac Walter latro nobilis- simus, 12. Septembris coram Justitiario Johanne Vogan condemnatus est in curia Dublinensi, ad calefurcumque2 tractatus ad caudas equorum, suspensus est. Abiit Joannes Vogan in Angliam ad Parliamentum, relicto in loco suo Gulielmo de Burgoa custodc. Die Simonis et Juda? venit in Hyberniam Rogerus de Mortuo Mari cum uxore, herede Midise, filia videlicet domini Petri, filii Galfridi Geni- vile'1, qiiam acceperunt cedente eis Galfrido Gen vile, qui so f [ra?]trem professus
est
calls him Johanne dicto (de Sancto ?) Ho- gelyn. The name Ogalwan occurs in Rot. Pat. 1 H. IV. Perhaps like •« Sir Paschallthe Florentyne" mentioned at 1315 (note) this Ho- geline may have been an Italian, and it is pos- sible of the family of the Ugolini, one of whom, belonging to the company of the Frescobaldi, was a receiver of the king's customs in Eng- land and elsewhere in 131 1. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 146.
x Tobir. — Tubber near Dunlavan in the county of Wicklow.
y C'omitissa. — For Comitis. It is probable that the transcriber mistook the contraction for scilicet for the word et, and then found it expedient to change Comitis into Comitissa, and thus to make two ladies out of one. The same mistake occurs in Pembridge. Wal- singham (Hist. Angl. p. 98) says, that Gavas- ton was not married to Margaret of Clare until he returned from Ireland, but from Ryrner, vol. ii. p. 48, it is plain that he was married before he left England, and that our
from this Peter that the Birminghams as- sumed the Irish name of Mac Pheoris or Mac Yoris, from which their country about Carberry was called Claniores, and from which the monastery founded by them near Edenderry had the name of Monasteroras.
* fdibus — Pembridge says, " Quarto idus Maii," the 12th of May.
' Arx Kilkennii — Castrum Keriini in Pern- bridge, doubtless for Castrum Kevini, Castle Kevin in the county of Wicklow. The mis- take is of old date, as Holinshed calls it the Castle of Kennun, and Cox the Castle of Kenun. It is amusing to observe the anxiety of" Jacobi Grace Kilkenniensis" to introduce the name of his native city.
u O'Onigon. — Perhaps O'Kinaghan or O'Keegan. In Pembridge it is thus print- ed Cnygnismio ; M'Baltor was a Wicklow name — Rot. Cl. 20 Ed. II. 31.
v Courcouly — Cloncurry?
"Johannes Hogelin. — This name is print- ed in Cox, John de S. Hogeline. Pembridge
53
Irish. On the 15th of May Castle Kevyn is burned and the garrison put to death by William Mac Walter O'Kinaghan, the O'Tooles, and their comrades. The same party burned the town of Courconly. On the 8th of June John Wogan, Justiciary, was defeated at Glindelory, where John St. Hogelin, John Norton, and John Breton, with many others, were killed. On the 1 6th of June Dunlavan, Tobir, and many other towns, are burned by the same party. Piers Gavaston, proscribed by the nobles of England, comes into Ireland with his wife, sister to the Earl of Gloucester ; he enters Dublin with great pomp, and seated himself there. William Mac Walter, that famous robber, on the 1 2th of September is condemned before the Justiciary, John Wogan, in the court of Dublin, and was dragged to the gallows at the tails of horses and hanged. John Wogan went into England to attend parliament, having left in his place William de Burgh as custos. On the day of SS. Simon and Jude [October 28], Roger Mortimer came into Ireland with his wife, the heiress of Meath, that is to say, the daughter of Lord Peter, son of Geoffry Geneville ; they took posses- sion
annalist is right. Gavaston's patent as lieu- tenant bears date 16th June, 1308. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 51. Pernbridge says, that he came into Ireland about the Feast of SS. Quiritae et Julitae (Quiritii June 16, or rather July 15). There is some difficulty in reconciling the date of Gavaston's appointment with the subsequent notices of Wogan and William de Burgh.
*" Calefurcumque. — Colofurcium in Pern- bridge, perhaps " carrefurcum," carrefours, the cross streets, carfax, or it may be derived
from furca, a gallows. The word is not in Du Cange. Here Pembridge mentions the good works of John le Decer, mayor of the city of Dublin, which Grace omits as of no interest in Kilkenny. These works were a marble cistern for the water brought by an aqueduct — ad recipiendam aquam de aqua ductili — a bridge over the Liffey at the Priory of St. Wulstan's, a chapel of St. Mary at the Friars' Minor, where he is buried, a chapel
of St. Mary at the Hospital of St. John, &c., and many good things in the convent of the Friars Preachers, to wit a stone pillar in the church, and a broad stone on the altar with its ornaments. Likewise every Friday he re- ceived the friars at his table through charity — "so, adds Pembridge, do the old men tell their juniors."
a Gulielmo de Burgo — William de Burgh, Locum Tenens of the Justiciary, had an order for his fee of £250 for one half year, dated October 18. On the same day he had an order for the payment of the wages of 200 hobelars and 500 foot, with whom he was proceeding against the Irish in the mountains of Leinster at Newcastle M'Kynegan, beside the 20 horses covered with trappings, equos coopertos, which he was bound to keep in virtue of his office — Rot. Cl. 2 Ed. II. 40, 41, 43, 47.
b Galfridi Genivile — Geoffry de Genevilla after the death of his wife, Matilda de Lacy,
54
est in monasterio Trim. Dermot O Dimos occisus apud Tullic a famulis Petri Gaviston. Ricardus comes Ultoniae celebravit solemne festum pentecostcsd apud Trim, ubi Gualterum et Hugonem Lacios equitum honore decoravit. Maltidis filia comitis Ultonias in Angliam profecta nupsit comiti Gloverniae. Mauritius Canton6 interfecit Ricardum Talon, Mauritium autem Rupenses interficiunt, David Cantonf suspenditur Dubliniae. Odo Mac Catholi O Conghur interfecit O Donen O Congher, regom Connaciae. Athy comburitur ab Hibernis.
1309. Petrus Gaveston subjugavit Hibernicos Obriniosg reedificavit novum castrum Mac Knigan, et castrum Keimun, exciditque, et mundavit passum inter castrum Keiminih in Glindelagh, etiam Hibernis repulsis, deinde in Angliam na- vigavit in vigilia Sancti Johannis Baptiste. Uxor filii comitis Ultoniae, filia co- mitis Glovernise in Hiberniam venit 15° Octobris. Comes Ultonias appulit portui Droglida' in vigilia nativitatis clomini. Die purificacionis Mariae interficitur
Johannes
continued in possession of her moiety of
Meath by the courtesy of England Rot.
Pat. 2 Hen. V. 1 37. Mortimer and his wife, Joan Geneville, landed in Ireland October 28, and on the morrow of St. Edmund the Archbishop, November 16, Geoffry de Gene- ville entered the monastery of the Fryars Preachers at Trim. — Pembridge. He and his wife had founded the Black Friary in this town in 1260, Mon. Hib. p. 580, and the foundations of that splendid building, the re- treat of this old statesman and crusader, may still be traced in a field near Athboy Gate by the hillocks on which the grass withers soon- est in dry weather.
c Tulli — Tullow in the county of Carlow ?
4 Pentecoftes — Cox says that the earl kept this great feast as it were to nose Gavaston. Pembridge adds "in vigilia assumptions (Aug. 14) comes Ultoniee venit contra Petrum Gaveston, comitem Cornubiae, apud Droghe- da." The king had sent a special writ to the Earl of Ulster requiring him to give
Gavaston his assistance and advice in his office of lieutenant — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 51. If he held this feast at Pentecost " to nose Gavas- ton" it must have been in the following year. In 1308 Whit Sunday fell on June 2, Gavas- ton was not appointed lieutenant until June 16.
e Mauritius Canton Descended from
Reymond Canteton, one of Strongbow's com- panions. In an ordinance, dated Dublin, Nov. 1, 1310, it was stated that Maurice de Caun- teton and his accomplices, who had made in- surrection against the king in Leinster, had been slain per pos.se regium, which seems to mean that the Justiciary with the king's stand- ard was personally engaged against them. — Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 222 ; 3 and 4 Ed. II. 137. Maurice de Cauntytoun's lands were granted to Edmund Butler — Rot. Pat. 3 & 4 Ed. II. 81. At a gaol delivery at Limerick in 1310, William Fitz Roger was indicted for the murder of Roger de Cante- ton, but was acquitted on proof being given
55
sion of Meatli on the resignation of Geoffry Geneville, who professed himself in the monastery of Trim. Dermod O'Dempsy is slain at Tullow by the follow- ers of Piers Gavaston. Richard Earl of Ulster kept a solemn feast at Pentecost at Trim, where he knighted Walter and Hugh Lacy. Matilda, daughter of the Earl of Ulster, went to England, and married the Earl of Gloucester. Maurice Canteton killed Richard Talon, but the Roches killed Maurice. David Cante- ton is hanged at Dublin. Odo Mac Cathal O'Conor killed Odo O'Conor, King of Connaught. Athy is burned by the Irish.
1309. Piers Gavaston subdued the Irish O'Brines, he rebuilt Newcastle M'Kynegan and Castle Kevyn, and cut and cleared a pass between Castle Kevyn and Glendalogh, having also beaten the Irish, then he sailed for England on St. John the Baptist's Eve (June 23). The wife of the son of the Earl of Ulster, daughter to the Earl of Gloucester, came into Ireland, October 15. The Earl of Ulster landed at Drogheda on Christmas Eve. On the day of the Purifica- tion
that said Roger was an Irishman, that he was an Ohederiscal (O'Driscoll), and not of any of the five families entitled to English law ; but because said Roger was the king's Irishman, William Fitz Roger was recom- mitted to gaol until he should find bail for the payment of five marks, "pro soluti- one praedicti Hibernici." — Davies' Historical Tracts, p. 84. It would seem from this that as at a time shortly subsequent to that now before us, the English families in the Irish districts assumed Irish names, and became " Hibernis ipsis Hiberniores," so in the Eng- lish countries the natives assumed the names of the neighbouring powerful English fami- lies, and that even thus early English names do not always prove English blood. The Cantetons assumed the name of M'Maioge.
f David Canton. — He was hanged for the murder of Murchad Ballagh in 1307.
e Obrinios. — The O'Birnes of Wicklow. Cox mistook them for the O'Briens, and was
thus led to say that Gavaston marched into Munster and subdued O'Brien of Thomond.
h Castrurn Keimini — Castle Kevyn. John de Hothum had an order for £500 to pay the troops going with Piers Gavaston, lieutenant of Ireland, to attack the Irish of Leinster, and to repair " Castrum de Castelkeyvyn," which had been thrown down by them, and the Sheriff' of Dublin had orders to summon all his bailiwick to be with the Justiciary or his lieutenant at Castelkevyn, in the county of Dublin, on a specified day, with horses and arms and fit equipment — Rot. Cl. 2 Ed. II., 103, 106. Pembridge adds, that Gavaston made an offering in the church of St. Kimmy (St. Kevin). Perhaps the text of Grace was intended to correspond with Pembridge, and might be thus supplied, "inter castrum Kevin et Glindelagh, in Glindelagh etiam obtulit, Hibernis repulsis."
' Droghda — Pembridge says that he then returned from England. He had said in the
Johannes Boneveilej prope Arscoll, ab Arnoldo Power et suis sociis. Parliamen- tumk apud Kilkeniam per comitem Ultoniae1 et Johannem Vogan Justic. et cetera. Rediit Edmundus Butler™ de Anglia. Rediit in Angliam comes Ultonise cum Rogero Mortimerio [et] Joane filio Thomas. Obiit Theobaldus Verdon.
1310. Penuria in Hibernia, frumenti modhis™ 20 solidorum, pistores ob pon- der a
last year that when the earl went against Gavaston to Drogheda " remeavit passagium in Scotiam."
J Johannes Boneveile. — Arnold le Poer had been seneschal of the liberties or counties of Kildare and Carlow, at the fee of 5s. a day; he had an order for the payment of £14 5s. 6d. on the 18th of October, 1309 — Rot. Cl. 2 Ed. II. 25. January 26, 1310, he was or- dered to desist from besieging John de Bone- ville, (his successor in office, at the fee of £100 a year — Same Roll, 70), in his castle in Carlow, which county was, with Poer's consent, plundered and robbed by the Irish of Leinster, who were also now aiding him in his siege. This admonition was too late, or it was disregarded, Boneville was killed February 3 Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 49. Bone- ville was afterwards declared a felon, and his lands at Cradockston in Kildare were granted to Walter de Istelepe. Rot. Pat. 2 Ed. II., 14.
k Parliamentum — This parliament was held on the Monday in the Octaves of the Purifi- cation, February 3. The names of the nobles summoned to it are given in Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 45. They are printed in the ap- pendix to these Annals. From another entry we learn the course of proceedings in this par- liament, which Prynne erroneously thinks was the first held in Ireland after the time of Hen. II. and the Statutes then enacted. The sheriff of every county was to send two knights
for every county and two citizens or burgesses for every city and borough, with full power ad parliamentandum tractandum et ordinan- dum about the king's affairs with the Justi- ciary and the council of the king, and with the lords of the land, and to make and sanc- tion orders then ordained. When met, at the suggestion of the Justiciary, lest the whole body in times of such scarcity should be bur- dened with the consideration of such weighty matters, the parliament elected two bishops and two other prudent men, John de Barry and Eustace le Poer, and these four from the whole body, including themselves, chose six- teen, who with the assent of all were best able to find a remedy in the premises. 1 hese six- teen, whose names are given in the roll, with the consent of the Justiciary, of the council of the king, and of the parliament, made the fol- lowing Statutes: 1. That, whereas the chief cause of the high price of provisions arises from the robberies committed by persons of noble birth, every noble should take upon himself the punishment of his own followers. 2. That there be appointed in every county six good men or more, who, with the sheriff and the coroner, should inquire after malefac- tors, and punish and imprison them. 3. That the Statutes of money, of forestalling, and of having arms for keeping the peace, be pro- claimed, and firmly observed. 4. Of not taking prizes, &c — Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 44, 45, 63. The ordinances here given do not
57
tion of Mary (February 2) John Boneville is slain at Arscoll near Athy, by Arnold Power and his accomplices. A parliament held at Kilkenny by the Earl of Ulster and John Wogan, Justiciary, &c. Edmund Butler returned from England. The Earl of Ulster returned to England with Roger Mortimer and John Fitz Thomas. Death of Theobald Verdon.
1310. Scarcity in Ireland, a bushel of wheat for 2os., the bakers for their
false
agree with the Acts printed in the Irish Sta- tutes. Pembridge says that the provisions then made, which he says were tanquam Sta- tuta, would have been good and profitable for Ireland, si fuissent observatce. The editor of the Calendar observes that in some places the roll is so much obliterated that it is diffi- cult to make out its meaning. From the cir- cumstance., that on the 12th of February, 1310, in the Cathedral of St. Canice, Kilkenny, Maurice Mac Carwill, Archbishop of Cashel, who was an Irishman, denounced the sen- tence of anathema against the infringers of the above Statutes (Harris' Ware's Bishops, p. 476), it is probable, that the "absurd and informal Statute" against the admission of Irishmen into religious houses within the English pale, which in the remonstrance of the Irish to Pope John XXII. is said to have been made " in the city of St. Kennieurs," (St. Canice, Kilkenny), by the advice of " some English bishops, among whom the ignorant and ill-conducted Archbishop of Ar- magh was president," (O' Conor's Memoirs, p. 73), and to which and to its revocation Edward III. alluded in 1337 (see note d, p. 12), was repealed either at this parliament or some time before it. From a writ authoriz- ing the Archbishop of Armagh to answer by attorneys to all summons for the province of Dublin and Cashel, it is not likely that the Archbishop was at Kilkenny. — (Ry. II. p. 47). IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3.
It is to be observed, that in the records of these early parliaments there is no mention of any grant of money to the king. In 1 300, instead of granting money in full parliament, the various " communitates" of Ireland re- quested that John Wogan, Justiciary, should proceed in the course he had commenced, and should solicit, by personal application, sepa- rate grants from the different counties, &c. The sums granted by these several bodies
are given in the Roll Placit. Parl. 28 Ed. I.
in Ch. Rem. Office, printed in Betham's Dig- nities, p. 274. In adopting this mode, Wogan followed the example set him by his master in England previous to 1295, which was not con- tinued in either country. It is probable that thedecima biennalis of Rot. Cl. 2 Ed. II. Itf (see note a, p. 47)j was a tenth for two years of all benefices granted by the Pope. From a like charge in 1327, all holders of single be- nefices under the value of six marks were exempt. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 692.
' Comitem Ultonice — It is worthy of obser- vation, that this great Earl is mentioned before the Justiciary.
mEdmundus Butler, — He had been knighted in London — Pembridge. Richard de Burgh, Edmund le Boteller, John Fitz Thomas, and Eustace le Poer, with the Justiciary, were ordered to be at Newcastle in Are on John Baptist's day, 1310 — Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 43.
n Modius — This measure is called eranca
dcra falsi0 tract! in cratibus per vicos. Parlaracntum apud Kildare ubi liberatur Avnoldus Power qui se defendendo occiderat Johannera Bonevile. Alexandre BigenorP electus episcopus Dubliniae. Rogerus Mortimerius rediit Hiberniam. 1311. In Thoraonde apud Bonnarathe(l Ricardus Clare cepit Gulielmum de Burgo et Joliannem filium Gualteri Lacii et alios, in quo conflictu perierunt multi turn Angli turn Hiberni. 13° Kal Junii. Tassagardr et Rathcoule in autumno3 cum exercitu invaserunt Latrones Othothiles, et in Glindelori et aliis sylvosis locis latitantes. Pridie idus Novembris Ricardus Clare interfecit 600 Galoglaghes. Die omnium sanctorum, proscriptus iterum Petrus Gaveston, re- divitque furtive. Obierunt Johannes Cogan, Gualterus le Faunt, Johannes films Reri. Johannes Macgoghegan interficitur per O Molmoi1. Obiit Guliel- mus Rupensis, ictus sagitta Hibernica. Obiit Eustatius Power". In vigilia
Sancti
by Pembridge, and erane by Cox, the original was probably cran' for crannoc, a measure which our annalist must have considered equal to a Modius, and which, according to Sir W. Betham, Antiquarian Researches, vol. i. p. 5, contains two quarters. Harris' Ware's Antiq., p. 223, states that a crannock is about equal to a Bristol barrel. In a Plea Roll, 53 Hen. III., when Edward I. was Lord of Ire- land, in Birm. Tower, is this Statute. " Pro- visum et statutum est quod una et eadem mensura cuj uslibet generis bladi, una et eadem lagena, una et eadem ulna, una et eadem pon- dera sint de cetero per totam Hiberniam qua? sunt in civitate Londinii usitata et appro- bata." — Betham's Irish Antiq. Researches, vol. i. p. 9. The price of provisions must have risen suddenly in this year, for on the 5th of February, John Bowet and William Keppok had an order for £500 to buy in Dublin for the war in Scotland 1500 quarters of wheat, 2000 quarters of oats, and 500 pipes (doleis) of wine, and also 500 quarters of wheat, 500 of oats, and 100 pipes of wine,
which were to be sent to Skynburnesse. — Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 52. The prisage of the wine imported from 1266 to 1282, at the five ports of Dublin, Waterford, Dungarvan, Limerick, and Drogheda, in which ports only " the Butler" had right of prisage, amounted to 899 tuns, and as the prisage was one pipe before the mast and one behind, the number of cargoes must have been 450. Two pounds on each pipe was paid in lieu of prisage. — Ir. Antiq. Researches, part i. p. 6.
0 Falsi. — The assize of bread was estab- lished by King John, as appears from the fol- lowing record : " De assisa Panis facta per Regem communi consilio Baronum, Ita quod quilibet Pistor sigillum suumsuopani apponat, et habeat de lucro de unoquoque quarterio 4d, vel 3d et brennum." — Rot. Pat. 5 Job. in Tur. Lond. In 1222, Henry III. complained to the Archbishop of Dublin, then Justiciary, that amongst other infringements of the royal authority, he had assumed to himself, as arch- bishop, the jurisdiction ever the bakers. "Item si quis Pistor in terra nostra manens pro falso
59
false weights are dragged on hurdles through the streets. A parliament at Kil- dare, in which Arnold Power is set at liberty, he had killed John Boneville in self-defence. Alexander Bicknor elected Bishop of Dublin. Roger Mortimer returned to Ireland.
1311. At Bunratty in Thomond Richard Clare took prisoners William de Burgh and John Fitz Walter Lacy, and others, on the 2oth of May, in the fight there fell many, both Irish and English. Saggard and Rathcoole are attacked in autumn by the robbers, the O'Tooles with an army lurking both in Glindelory [Glenmalur] and other woodland places. On November 1 2th Richard Clare slew six hundred Galloglasses. On All Saints' Day (November i ) Piers Gavaston was again proscribed, and returned privily. John Cogan, Walter 1'Enfant, John Fitz Rery die. John Mac Geoghegan is killed by O'Mulloy. William Roche dies of the wound of an Irish arrow. Eustace Power dies. On St. Peter's Eve,
(June
pane, vel alius pro consimili transgressions attachiatus et etiam convictus fuerit coram ballivis, curiam nostram inde prseteritis, et ipsum transgressorem exigitis a manibus Ballivorum nostrorum solutum et quietum et pro voluntate vestra deducendum." — Rot. Glaus. 7 Hen. III. Lib. Hiberniae, part iv. p. 24.
p Alexandra Bigenor — Alexander de Bick- nor, although now elected Archbishop by the Chapter of St. Patrick's, was obliged to give way to John Lech, the king's almoner, who
sat as Archbishop from 131 1 to 1313 Ware's
Bishops.
^Bonnarathe — Bunratty, in County Clare. The following imperfect entry relates to this quarrel : " Rex * * et Willielmo le Devenys, recitat se accepisse quod discordia quedam orta sit inter Willielmum de Burgo et alios confederates suos ex una parte et * * Ricar- dum de Clare et suos parentes et confederates ex altera * * per quod pax et tranquillitas totius turbari possint [c<et era detrita et lacerd\.
—Rot. Pat. 3 & 4 Ed. II. 92.
r Tassagard. — Saggard, near Rathcoole, in county Dublin. On the 10th of August, 1312, Nicholas Balscote had an order for £600 to pay the men at arms, &c., going with the Justiciary against the Irish of the mountains of Leinster, who were in insurrection and had burned and plundered the king's lands at Tas- sagard Rot. Cl. 5 Ed. II. 14.
8 In autumno. — Pembridge gives this whole paragraph more intelligibly, " Item Tassagard et Rathcante( Rathcoole) invaserunt latrones, scilicet O'Brinnes et Otothiles, in crastino Nativitatis S. Johan. Baptistse. Unde cito in autumno eollectus est magnus exercitus in Lagenia ad impugnandum dictos latrones in Glendelory et aliis locis nemorosis latentes."
1 O'Molmoi. — O'Mulloy of the King's County. Macgoghegan is called John Mac OHedan by Cox.
u Eustatius Power — On the 30th of May, 1312, Ela, widow of Eustace le Poer, having made oath that she would not marry without
12
6o
Sancti Petri incepit riota Urgaliae per Robertum Verdonum. Interficitur Donatus O Brenev per insidias a suis in Tothomonia.
1312. Petrus Gaveston captus apud Dodington a comite Warwiciw decolla- tus consilio comitum et baronum 13. Kal. Julii. Exercitus ductus a Johanne Vogan Justic. adversus Robertura Verdon, misere confectus 6° idus Julii, inter- fectis Nicolao Aveneill, Patricio de Rupe, cum multis aliis. Robertus Verdonx cum multis suorum se dederunt in misericordiam regis Dublinii. Edmundus Buteler locum tenens Johannis Vogan obsedit O Brinios in Glindelori compul- sitque ad deditiones. Moricius Fitz Thomas duxit Catherinam filiam comitis Ultoniae ad castrum viride, aliam ejusque filiam Thomas Fitz Joannis. Johannes Fitz Thomas equestri ordine decoravit Nectum fitz Mauritii et Robertum Glen- \\u\y apud Adare2 in Momonia. Invaserunt piraticae quaedam naves Roberti Brus Ultoniam quae ab incolis repulse sunt. Moritur Johannes Leekes3, Archiepis- copus Dubliniae, Alexander Bigenor ei successit. Milo Verdon duxit filiam Ricardi de Oxoniisb. Robertus Brus diruit castrum de Mannec, capite punivit Donegan O Towill. Johannes de Burgo, heres comitis Ultoniae, obiit apud Gal way. Edmundus Buteler 30 viros equestri ordine decoravit Dublinii in festo Michaelis.
1314. Hospitalarii receperunt terras Templariorum in Hibernia. Johannesd
Paris
the king's license, was ordered a reasonable " The Black Dog of Ardennes; "he now found,
dower from her husband's lands. — Rot. Cl. says Walsingham, that the dog could bite.
5 Ed. II. 49. "Robertus Verdon — His surrendering him-
' Donatus OBrene. — In 1310 the following self a prisoner, carceri Regis Dublinicp, Pemb.
writ was issued. " Rex Edmundo le Botiller, seems an odd result of his great victory over
Johanni filio Thomae, Mauricio de Rupeforti the Justiciary. Perhaps the text is corrupt.
et Roberto Bagot, recitat guerram motam Pembridge does not explain the difficulty,
esse in partibus Totemoniae inter Ricardum de y Glenhul. — de Clonhull. — Pemb. He was
Clare et Donatum Obren qui se dicit princi- probably Robert de Clahulle, mentioned Rot.
pern Hibernicorum Totemoniae, assignat ipsos Cl. 5 Ed. II. 38, the descendant of one of
ad inhibendum dictis Ricardo et Donate et Strongbow's barons, John deClahull, to whom
suis ne guerram illam continuare praesu- he gave,
mant Rot. Pat. 3 & 4 Ed. II. 84. — lamarchausie
"Comite Wurwici Gavaston, who had an De Leynestere la garnie
unhappy talent for giving nicknames, by which Od tut la tere, sachez de fin,
he amused the king and offended the English Entre Eboy e Lethelyn ;
nobles, had called this dark and stern earl, Conq. of Ireland, 1.3100.
6i
(June 28), a riot is commenced in Uriel by Robert Verdon. Donat O'Brene is treacherously killed by his own people in Thomond.
1312. Piers Gavaston is taken at Dodington, and beheaded by the Earl of Warwick by the advice of the Earls and Barons, on the ipth of June. An army led by John Wogan, Justiciary, against Robert Verdon, is miserably defeated on the i oth of July. Nicholas Avenel, Patrick Roche, with many others were killed. Robert Verdon, with many of his men, gave himself up to the king's mercy at Dublin. Edmund Butler, locum tenens of John Wogan, besieges the O'Brins [O'Byrnes] in Glindelory [Glenmalur], and compelled them to surrender. Maurice Fitz Thomas married Catherine, daughter of the Earl of Ulster, at Green- castle, and Thomas Fitz John married another of his daughters. John Fitz Thomas, knighted Nicholas Fitz Maurice, and Robert Clahull, at Adare, in Mun- ster. Some piratical ships of Robert Bruce invaded Ulster, and were repulsed by the inhabitants. Death of John Leeke, Archbishop of Dublin, Alexander Bicknor succeeded him. Milo Verdon married the daughter of Richard de Exoniis (Dexter). Robert Bruce destroyed the castle of Man, and capitally punished Duncan O'Dowell. John de Burgh, heir of the Earl of Ulster, died at Gal way. Edmund Butler conferred knighthood on thirty persons in Dublin at Michaelmas.
1314. The Hospitalers received the lands of the Templars in Ireland. John
Paris
In Harris' Ware's Antiq.,p. 192, Eboy issaid, ^Oxoniis — Probably de Exoniis, as in Pem-
perhaps incorrectly, to be Aghavoe. Han- bridge ; of the great Connaught family of
mer, p. 322, calls John de Clahull, John de d'Exeteror Dexter, which afterwards took the
Clawsa (de Cluzeau), alias Clavill, and says name of M'Jordan. At this time Richard de
that his castle, which Giraldus places not far Exon' was Chief Justice in Banco at a fee of £40
from Leighlin, was in his time supposed to be per ann. — Cl. 2 Ed. II. 1 17- Oxon is printed
Carlow. Balyrothery was the lordship of Rob. probably for Exon in Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 63.
de Clahull — Rot. Pat. 1 1 Ed. 2, 15. c Manne. — The Chronicle of Man, as
z Adare. — In 1310 the bailiffs and men of printed in Antiq. Celt. Norman, says, that
Adare had license to take certain customs in Robert Bruce anchored at Romso, May 18,
their town for three years to enable them to 1313, and on the Monday following laid siege
surround it with a stone wall — Rot. Pat. to the Castle of Russin, which Lord Dun-
3 & 4 Ed. II. 9. gawi Mac Dowal held out against him until
a Johannes Leekes — Died, August 10th, the Tuesday after St. Barnabas, when King
1313. His successor, Alexander de Bick- Robert took the fortress,
nor, was consecrated at Avignon in 1317. — d Johannes Paris. — Parice. — Pemb. John
Ware's Bishops, p. 330. de Parys was one of the Irish nobles who
62
Paris interficitur ad Pontem, Tlicobaldus Verdon6 Justitiarius, Edmundus Butler Justitiarius factus.
1315. Apud Glondonnef appulit classis Scotias die Augustig quam duxit PMouardus Brus, frater Robert! regis, et cum eo comes de Morreyh, Johannes Mentieth, Johannes Steward, Johannes Cambel, Tliomas Candiff, Fergus Andressam, Johannes de Bosco, Johannes Bisset ; intra Banum fluvium pug- nant, comitem Ultonise1 cum exercitu in fugam vertant, ubi interficitur Guliel- mus de BurgoJ, Johannes Stauntonk cum aliis permultis ; vastatur Ultonia. 2° pugnatur apud Kenles in Midia, ubi fugatur Rogerus de Mortumari cum suis. 3° apud Sketheris intra Arsoll ubi iterum in fugam vertuntur Angli. Paul post
festum
went with Edward I. into Scotland in 1302 — Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 21. He was probably the ancestor of Christopher Parese, of Agher Parese (now called Agher Palace), in Meath, who forfeited in Thomas Fitzgerald's rebel- lion in 1535 — Ir. Stat. 28 Hen. VIII. chap. 1 . Ad Pontem, perhaps, may mean Drogheda.
e Theobaldus Verdon — Came into Ireland, according to Pembridge, as Justiciary, on the day of St. Silvester (December 31st), and on the Friday after the day of St. Mat- thias (February 24th, 1315) Edmund Butler received his commission. (The year of these annals begins March 25). Theobald de Ver- don was Justiciary March 22nd, 1314. On the 10th of October of the same year Edmund Butler was Gustos, and was appointed Jus- ticiary, January 4th, 1315. — Rymer II. pp. 245, 256, 260. Theobald de Verdon was the son of John de Verdon by Margery de Lacy, one of the co-heiresses of Meath, he was Con- stable of Ireland, and besides the moiety of Meath inherited from his mother, he was possessed of great paternal estates in Louth.
f Glondonne — Glendun River in County Antrim. Pembridge calls this place Clon- donne. Barbour, in " The Bruce," book xiv.
1. 33, says that Bruce's fleet arrived safely in Wokyng's Fyrth ; which Dr. Drummund ("Bruce's Invasion," note) conjectures to have been Larne Harbour. Lodge calls the place Olderfleet. — Peerage, Athenry.
sAugusti. — Die Sancti Augustini Anglorum mense Mali. — Pemb. Lodge says, April 24.
h Comes de Morrey — Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray. The Thomas Candiffe, after- wards mentioned, rightly called by Pembridge Thomas Randolfe, was his son and successor. Johannes de Bosco is translated in Holinshed, John Wood, perhaps his name was Boyd. Edward Bruce's companions are thus named by Barbour :
He had thar in hys cumpany
The Erie Thomas, that wes worthy,
And gud Schyr Philip the Mowbray,
That sekyr wes in hard assay ;
Schyr Jhone the Soulls, ane gud knycht,
And Schyr Jhone Stewart, that wes wycht,
The Ramsay als off Ouchtre houss,
That wes wycht and chewalrouss,
And Schyr Fergus off Adrossane,
And othyr knychts mony ane.
The Bruce. B. xiv. 1. 23. Barbour also, in other places, mentions the
Paris is killed at Drogheda, Theobald Verdon is Justiciary, Edmund Butler made Justiciary.
1315. The fleet of the King of Scotland arrived at Glondonne on St. Augus- tine's day (May 26th), it was commanded by Edward Bruce, brother of King Robert, and with him were the Earl of Moray, John Mentieth, John Steward, John Campbell, Thomas Randolph, Fergus of Ardvossan, John de Bosco, John Bisset ; they fight on this side of the Bann, and put the Earl of Ulster and his army to flight, William de Burgh is slain there, and John Stanton, and many others ; Ulster is plundered. Secondly, a battle is fought at Kells in Meath, where Roger Mortimer and his men are put to flight. Thirdly, at Skerries, near Arscoll, where the English are again defeated. Soon after the day of
Philip
following Scots as engaged in this expedition: Schyr Alane Stewart, Schyr Robert Bold, Nele Flemyng, Gib Harpar, and Schyr Co- lyne Cambell. He mentions no Bissetts on the side of the Scots. Barbour and Pern- bridge say that Bruce brought with him 6000 hardy and experienced soldiers, and Pern- bridge adds that he took possession of Ulster and expelled Thomas de Maundevile and the other faithful subjects from their country.
' Comitem Ultonice, — The names of the English chiefs who opposed Edward Bruce are thus given in Barbour : Mandweill (Man- deville), Besat (Bissett), Logane, the Sawa- ges (Savages), the above are called " All hale the flur off Ullyster" the warden, Richard of Clar, whom Barbour confounds with Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, The Butler and Erls twa off Desmownd and Kildar, Brynrane (Birmingham), Wedoun (Wogan), and Fyze Waryne, and " Schyr Paschall of Florentyne, that was a knycht of Lowmbardy, and wes full of chevalry," Schyr Moryss le Fyss Thomas, Schyr Nycholleof Kylkenane. With regard to this last name we may observe that a Michael de Kylkenan, who had a writ of summons
to the parliament held at Kilkenny, 3 Ed. II. (Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 45), afterwards joined the Scots, and forfeited three carucates of land at Portmok and tw.o carucates at Kyl- kenan— Rot. Pat. 13 Ed. II. 86.
J Gulielmus de Burgo Lord Hailes, in
the Annals of Scotland at this year, observes that " the circumstances concerning this inva- sion, which are related in the Annals of Ire- land subjoined to Camden's Britannia" (here quoted under the name of Pembridge), " are related in a perplexed manner, as might well be expected in a work which is an inj udicious compilation of different chronicles." To the confusion and inconsistency of Pembridge, Grace has added carelessness of transcription ; thus, in this summary of Bruce's victories he says that William de Burgh was killed in the battle on the Bann ; in a few lines after, when he describes that battle more fully, he says that he was taken prisoner ; and he afterwards mentions that he left his son in Scotland as a hostage for his return.
k Johannes Staunton. — John de Staunton was one of the lords summoned to the parlia- ment at Kilkenny, 3 Ed. II.
festum Phillippi et Jacob!1 coronatus est Edwardus Brus a suis rex Hybernise. Castrum viride cepit, praesidiaque reliquit, quse brevi post a Dublinensibus ex- pulsa sunt, captusque dux, Robertus Culratlim, qui in carcere periit. Die Petri et Pauli Scoti ceperunt Dundalckn, diripueruntque et incenderunt, vastarunt magnam partem Urgaliae. Ecclesia mariae de Atordet0 plena viris et fseminis coraburitur a Scotis et Hibernis. Edmundus Butler Justitiarius exercitum e Mamonia et Laginia, comes Ultoniae et Connacias exercitum legit, junctisque viribus Dundalcum occurrunt, ibi in se suscepit comes se vivum aut mortuum Brusium Justitiario traditurum Dublinii, sequutus igitur Scotos ad Banum flu- vium, Coinersp cum exercitu repetiitq, quod cum animadvertisset Brusius, occulte fluvium cum suis transiens, eum sequebatur, subi toque adortus in fugam vertit i o Septembris, capto Gulielmo de Burgo, vulneratoque Georgio de Rupe, occisis
Johanne the Carmelite friary.
P Coiners. — Now, evidently, Connor, which is spelt Coyners in Rymer, vol. ii. p. 567. Barbour spells it Coigners, and says that the Scots found in it profusion "of corneand flour and wax and wyne." — B. xv. 1. 94. This victory at Coigners, which Grace reckons as the first of those won by Edward Bruce, is made his third victory by Barbour. We may here give the marches by Bruce, according to Barbour, from his landing to this place. Barbour says that he landed at Wokings fyrth, and marched directly towards Car- rickfergus, but on his road was met by Man- deville, Bissett, and the other Ulster chiefs, whose forces amounted to nearly 20,000, whom he defeated, and having taken the town, laid siege to the castle of Carrickfergus. Here all the folk off Ulster came into his peace, and ten or twelve kings made fealty to him, two of whom, Makgullane (M'Quillan), and Makartane ( Mac Cartan), shortly after with stood him with all their forces and with great courage at a pass called Endnellan or Innuer- mallane, (Emerdullan is mentioned after- wards by Grace in 1343), perhaps Invernayle
I Phillippi et Jacobi — May 1. This must have been in the following year. The date of Bruce's landing, as given above, was May 26. Archdall says -that he was crowned at Knocknemelan, within half a mile of Dun- dalk. — Archdall Lodge's Peerage. Earl of Louth. In the Earl of Louth's patent it is stated that Edmund Bruce had caused him- self to be crowned King of Ireland. — Rot. Pat. 49 Ed. III. 142.
m Culrath. — Coulragh. — Pembridge. Per- haps the Scotchman's name was Culross.
II Dundalck — Barbour (b. xiv. 1. 138) says that Dundalk was defended by
Schyr Richard of Clar, That in all Irland Lufftenande Was off the King of Ingland, and by several other nobles, who were put to the rout in a battle in which Earl Thomas greatly distinguished himself. In the town the Scots found profusion of " wictaill" and "gret haboundance off wyne ;" after staying there three days they took their way " suth- warts."
0 Atordet — De Atrio Dei, Athirdee, Ar- dee. Archdall says the church belonged to
Philip and James (May i) Edward Bruce was crowned by his men King of Ire- land. He took Green Castle, and left a garrison there, which was soon after driven out by the men of Dublin, and their captain, Robert of Culrath, (Colerane?) was taken, he afterwards died in prison. On Peter and Paul's day (June 29) the Scots took Dundalk, and plundered and burned it, they wasted great part of Uriel. The church of Ardee, full of men and women, is burned by the Scotch and the Irish. Edmund Butler, Justiciary, collects an army from Munster and Leinster, and the Earl of Ulster from Connaught ; they meet, and unite their forces at Dundalk, when the Earl took upon himself to deliver Bruce alive or dead to the Justiciary in Dublin ; having therefore followed the Scots to the River Bann, he retreated to Connor; when this was perceived by Bruce he secretly crossed the river with his troops, and having suddenly attacked him, put him to flight on the i oth of September, having taken William de Burgh and wounded
George
near Malin Head in Donegal, although it is scarcely likely that Bruce had crossed the Foyle. Having forced the pass, " In all Irland straytor is nane." Bruce lay at Kilsagart until he heard of the assembly of the English forces at Dundalk ; after taking Dundalk he marched southwards till he came to the great forest of Kylrose (perhaps Kilrois in Mourne, in Down or Cremourne in Monaghan — Mon. Hib., p. 1 23 ; Lanigan EC. Hist., vol. i. p. 270. Ballyrush ?) where he again defeated Richard off Clar, who had " fyve bataills (battalions) gret and braid," — " Toward Ydymsy or En- drossy then they rode, ane Irsche king, that ayth haid maid to Schyr Eduuard off fewte," but who now inveigled Bruce into a position in which he hoped to destroy his army by breaking down a dam made for the purpose, and letting the waters of a lake suddenly rush upon them. The Scots were now in great distress between two rivers (the Foyle and the Bann), which they could not pass, one of them the " Bane that is ane arm off the se,
That with Horss may not passyt be Wes betwix them and Hullyser." IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3.
From this perilous state they were delivered by " Thomas off Downe, ascowmar of the se," who brought them over the Bann in four ships, they were now in " biggit," cultivated land, and had victuals and meat enough, and were between the English army and Coigners. Pin- ker ton, in his notes to Barbour, conjectures that for the Bane we should read the Boyne. This conjecture can scarcely be admitted. It is difficult to trace Bruce's movements or to identify the places mentioned by Barbour, but it would seem that after the taking of Dundalk and his coronation, he retreated before the assembled English forces towards Connaught, and being led astray by his guides, and op- posed by the Irish chieftains, he was now making his way into the cultivated parts of Ulster, when he was ferried over the Bann by Thomas of Down.
q Repetiit — Pembridge says that about the Feast of St. Mary Magdalen (July 22), the Justiciary, Edmund Butler and the Earl of Ulster united their armies at Dundalk " et mutuo consulebant ut Scotos interficerent, at, quomodo ignoratur, fugerunt, aliter, ut spera-
K
66
Johanne Staunton, Rogcro de Santoboscor cum aliis permultis, e Scotis ceciderunt etiam aliquot. Hoc casu animati Hiberni Connaci et Midii insurrexerunt in Anglos, incenderuntque arcem de Athlor et Randon5 et alia nonnulla. In hoc con- ilictu de Coiners, Baro de Donul strenue se gessit, verum bona sua omnia fere amisit, Angli superati ad Gregfergus confugerunt, et eorum aliquot ingressi sunt arcem et earn tenuerunt. Post aliquot dies nautae quidam Angli e Cnocfergus Scotos noctu ex insperato aggressi, 40 eorum occiderunt, exuruntque castris, ten- toria et multa alia retulerunt. Postridie exaltacionis crucis navigavit in Scotiain comes de Morteth, cum Gulielmo de Burgo captivo et navibiis 4. Hiberniae spoliis onustis, ut plures milites accerseret. Interim dum Brus Cregfergus obsidet, Cathil Roth O Conor tria castra comitis Ultonia in Conriacia diruit, oppidaque permulta direpta incendit. Nautas iterum Scotos aliquot interfecerunt. Ricar- dus Delan* de Oterioit a quodam Hiberno Medio occiditur die S Nicolaui, Brus reliquit Gregferg, ad quern apud Dundalck venit comes de Marith cum novo militum presidio 500, transfugerunt ad eum nonnulli. Inde ad Nobri se contulit, iibi multos e suis reliquit. Dein incendio vastans Kenles in Midia et Grenard et Finnagh, et novum castrum, fcstum natalitii apud Logsuedeu celebravit. Dein petivit Totmoy ct Rathymeganv et Kildare et regionem circa Tristill Dermott ct Athy et Ribane non sine damno tameii suorum, postea accessit ad Skethirw intra Arscoll in Lagenia, ubi sese offerunt cum exercitu Edmundus Butler Justiciarius, Johannes fitz ThoniD3 et Arnaldus Power, aliique magnates Laginiae et Mamoniae qui cum facili vel singuli eum repellcre potuissent, orto inter eos dissidio omnes recesserunt, interfecto in conflictu Hamundo Grace et Gulielmo Pendregastx. E Scotis ceciderunt Fergus Andressian, Walterus de Mourey cum
aliis
batur, capti essent," when the Earl declared Richer, constable of the castle of Randown,
that he would bring Bruce dead or alive to had an order for £10 for the repair of the
Dublin, "qui comes eos sequebatur usque ad castle, dated 7th September, 1315 — Rot. Cl.
aquam de Branne, et postea dictus Comes re- 10 Ed. II. 14.
traxit se versus Coyners, quod percipiens die- l Ricardus Delan. — Probably de la Lande, tus Brus caute dictam aquam transivit, et of Ofervil, or O' Far el's country, now Long- comes confectus est juxta Coyners." ford. He is called Ricardus de Lan de Oferi-
r De Santobosco. — Probably Holywood, of vill by Pembridge.
the County Dublin. u Logsuede — Loghseudy or Loghsendy, in
* Randon Randown or Rinnduin, now the barony of Rathconrath, Westmeath. On
St. John's in Roscommon. Richard Fitz this expedition Bruce seems to have skirted
6;
George Roche, and slain John Staunton, Roger Holywood, and many others : some of the Scots also fell. The Irish of Connaught and Meath were encouraged by this event, and rose against the English, and burned the castles of Athlone, and Randon, and some others. In this battle at Connor the Baron of Dunoyl bore himself bravely, but lost nearly all his baggage, the defeated English fled to Carrickfergus, and some of them entered the castle, and held it. Some days afterwards some English sailors from Carrickfergus suddenly attacked the Scots by night, and drove them from their camp, and brought away their tents and many other things. The day after the Exaltation of the Cross (September i5th) the Earl of Moray sailed from Scotland with William de Burgh his prisoner, and with four ships laden with the spoils of Ireland, for the purpose of bringing back more troops. Meanwhile, during the siege of Carrickfergus, Cathal Roe O'Conor destroyed three castles of the Earl of Ulster in Connaught, and plun- dered and burned many towns. The sailors again slew some Scots. Richard de Lande of O'Farel's land ? is slain by an Irishman of Meath. On St. Nicholas day (May 9) Bruce left Carrickfergus and was met at Dundalk by the Earl of Moray, with a reinforcement of five hundred soldiers, some deserted to him. Hence he went to Nobber where he left several of his men. From thence having burned Kells in Meath, and Granard, and Finnagh, and Newcastle, he kept his Christmas at Loghseudy. Then he went to Totemoy, and Rathan- gan, and Kildare, and the neighbourhood of Castle Dermot, and Athy, and Rheban, yet not without loss ; afterwards he came to Skerries at Arscoll in Lein- ster, where Edmund Butler, Justiciary, John Fitz Thomas, Arnold Power, and the other nobles of Ireland opposed him, any of them alone could easily have driven him back, but they quarrelled among themselves, and all of them re- treated. Hamond Grace was killed in action and William Prendergast. Of the
Scots
along the north of Meath, through Nobber, Ley, and passing through Geashill in King's
Kells, Newcastle to Finnagh in Westmeath, County, and Fowre in Westmeath, to Kells
Granard, in Longford, and Loghseudy, from in Meath.
which place he went through Westmeath v Rathymegan. — Rathangan.
and part of the King's County into Kildare, w Skethir Skerries, near Athy. Marle-
to Rathangan, Kildare, Castledermot, Athy, burgh dates this battle January 26.
Rheban, and Arscoll, where he was opposed by x Pendregast A powerful family in the
Edmund Butler, Justiciary ; he then returned south of Ireland descended from Philip de
to Ulster, burning in his way the Castle of Prendergast who was married to the heiress
68
aliis multis, quorum corpora sepeliuntur in convcntu fratrum apud Adhi. Brus in reddituy castrum de Lei incendit, dein Kenles2 venit, ubi occurrit Rogerus Mortimer3 cum 15000 hominum, non satis fidis tamen nee amico in eum animo, quippe relicto duce cum paucis, aufugerunt, precipue Laciei. Rogerus fugam versus Dubliniam capessit, Gualterus Cusack versus Trim, eodem tempore Hiberni australes, et Othothiles et Obrines incenderunt totam regionem austra- lem, Arclo scilicet, novum castrum, Bree et cetera. O Morghes autem partem de Leis in Lagenia devastabant. Hos autem castigavit Edmundus Butler Jus- tic, victis enim et quam pluribus occisis, 800 capita Dublinium retulit. Ad festum purific. Marias, Thomas1', Ricardus Clare, Johannes et Arnaldus Power venerunt ad dominum Joliannem de Hethom, per regem assignatum, ibi jurave- runt se regi fore fidos, et Scotos omnibus viribus repulsuros, datis obsidibus, ceterosque regis hostes, ceterique magnates qui hoc idem facere recusarunt regis liostes publice habiti sunt. Obiit Johannes Bisset, P>.clesia novas villas de Leisc, a scotis incenditur, Capitur arx Northburgcnsisd in Ultonia ab iisdem. Fidel- meus O Conghur interfecit Roriricum, filium Catholi O Conghur. Obiit Guliel- mus Mandevile, et episcopus Conernensis0 fugit ad arcem de Gregfargus. Inter- dicitur episcopatus ejus. Hugo de Antonia interncitur in Connacia. Die S Valentini, Scotorum exercitus ad Geshill in Offali ingentem famem passus, adeo ut plures perierint, se contulerunt versus Fowre in Midia, fame quotidie defici-
entes
of De Quenci, constable of Leinster. the palatinate in right of his wife Maud de
y In redditu — Harbour seems to confine Geneville, Mortimer had a personal interest
the marches of Edward Bruce within Ulster in the defence of Meath. Walter Cusake
until the coming of King Robert, unless was probably Walter Cusake of Beaurepayr,
Ydymsy is to be taken for O'Dempsy. (Belper near Taragh?) whose son John mar-
z Kenles. — In the summary of Bruce's ex- ried the granddaughter and heiress of Simon
pedition, given by Grace and Pembridge at de Geneville of Culmullen. The Lacies who
the year 1315, this battle at Kells is put before deserted Mortimer may have been descended
that at Skerries near Arscoll. There may be from a younger son of Walter de Lacy whose
some confusion between Kells in Meath and name is not recorded, or they may have been
Kells in Ossory, yet both are mentioned dis- the representatives of Robert de Lacy, to
tinctly. In Marleburgh's Chronicle and inCox, whom Hugh gave the barony of Rathwire ;
who says that it was fought in November, the they seem to have considered themselves as
engagement at Kells takes place in Bruce's the right heirs of Hugh de Lacy, and to
march to the south, not on his retreat. have looked upon Geneville and Mortimer
* Rogerus Mortimer. — As lord of half as intruders ; in this view their opposition
69
Scots fell Fergus Ardrossan, Walter de Moray, with many others whose bodies are buried in the Convent of the Friars at A thy. Bruce on his return sets fire to the Castle of Ley, he then comes to Kells, where Roger Mortimer met him with 15,000 men, but they were not trustworthy or well disposed towards him, for they left their commander with a few troops, and ran away, especially the Lacies. Roger takes flight towards Dublin, and Walter Cusake towards Trim. At the same time the southern Irish, both the O'Tooles and the O'Byrnes, burned the whole south country, that is to say, Arklow, Newcastle, Bray, &c. But the O'Mores laid waste part of Leix in Leinster, but they were punished by Edmund Butler, the Justiciary, for having defeated them and killed a great num- ber of them, he brought back 800 heads to Dublin. At the Feast of the Puri- fication (February 2) John Fitz Thomas, Richard Clare, John and Arnold Power came to the Lord John Hotham, who was appointed by the king, and there made oath that they would be faithful to the king, and that they would repel the Scots and all other enemies of the king with all their power, and for this they o-ave hostages, and the other lords who refused to do so, were publicly proclaimed the king's enemies. John Bissett died. The church of the new town of Leix is burned by the Scots. The castle of Northburgh, in Ulster, is taken by them. Felim O'Conor slew Roderick, son of Cathol O'Conor. William Mandeville died, and the Bishop of Conor fled to the castle of Carrickfergus. His bishop- rick is put under an interdict. Hugh de Antonia is slain in Connaught. On St. Valentine's day (February 14) the army of the Scots was at Geashill in Offaly, suffering greatly from hunger, so that many perished ; they betook themselves to
Fowre
to Mortimer was, in fact, a dispute between la Roche ; and to confirm our annalist's accu-
the heirs male and the heirs general, a dispute racy it bears date le Meskerdy [Wednesday]
which has been lately agitated with regard to procheiri apres Purificacion Nostre Dame,
Irish honours, and one in which Irish preju- 1315 — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 283.
dice was in favour of the Lacies. e De Leis. — Abbeyleix in Queen's County.
b Thuma> — Johannes Thomae. This de- If this happened after the return of Bruce
claration of loyalty bore the names and seals into Ulster this place was probably burned,
of Johan le fuiz Thomas, Seigneur Doflfaly, not by the Scots, but by the O'Mores, whom
Richard de Clare, Maurice le fuiz Thomas, Edmund Butler defeated in Leix.
Thomas le fuiz Johan, Johan le Poer, Ba- d Northburgensis — This place has not been
ron de Donnoile, Arnold le Poer, Moricy de ascertained.
Rocheford, David de la Roche, and Miles de eEpiscopus Conernensis, — The name of this
entes in labore. Gualterus Lacius Dublinium venit, ad se purgandum de infamia illata, et obsides rcgi dandos, ut ceteri fecerunt. Interim Brus in Ultonia quietef deoit. Conjurarunt Othothilesg, Obrines, Archibaldes, et Haraldes, Wicle cum tota regione adjuncta devastarunt. Comes de Morrey navigavit in Scotiam a septimana quadragessimse. Edoardus Brus parliamentumh tenuit in Ultonia, in quibus complures suspendit. Item in aliis circa medium quadragessimaa occidit les Logans capitque Alanum filium Warini duxitque secum in Scotiam'. Feiiin O Conors occidit Calcroth, et GaloglaghesJ et alios cum eo circa 300. Frumentum venditur pro 1 8s.k
1316. Thomas' Mandevile cum pluribus de Droglida cum Scotis ad Greg- fero-us congressus. eos in fugam vertit, occisis circa 30 die Jo vis in cena domini. In vigilia pasche adortus 60 interfecit, sed ipse in conflictu cecidit in patria et pro jure suo. Ricardus Clare et Ricardus Brimingham complures Hibernos in
Connacia
loyal bishop is not known. Adam de North- ampton, Bishop of Ferns, was accused of having sent his brother to the Scots, and with having supplied them with provisions, arms, and soldiers — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 339.
f Quiete degit. — It was probably at this time of peaceful occupation of Ulster by the Scots, that Sir Gruffydh Llwyd, who was in rebel- lion again Edward II., wrote to Edward Bruce to invite him into Wales, that by the union of the Albanian Scots with the Britons, the Saxons might be driven out, the times of Brutus restored, and the whole of Britain divided between the Britons and the Scots. Edward Bruce, notwithstanding his Norman blood, agreed to the proposal on condition that he was to have such command and such lordship over the Welch, " prout alius hacte- nus princeps vester liberius habere consuevit." These were bright visions for the Earl of Car- rick's younger son, the proud and overbearing Edward Bruce ; he had been crowned King of Ireland, he had a near prospect of the crown of Scotland, and he now dreamed of the crown
of Britain Llwyd's Letter and Bruce's reply
are printed in Powell's History of Wales, pp. 811, 312.
g Othothiles — There are various orders in the Close Roll for this year (10 Ed. II.) for the payment of troops going against the Otothils, (O'Tooles), and O'Brynnes (O'Birnes), and Mac Murghuthas (M'Moroughs or Cava- naghs), the O'Briens of Munster, O'Conor of Offaley, O'Dempsy, the O' Mores, and the 0' Nolans ; and for repairing the castles of Balyteny, of Randoun, and of Newcastle M'Kynegan. John d'Arcy, who was then Justiciary, was sent, May 1st, 1317> to Con- naught to treat with O'Conor of Connaught, and with Mageoghegan. All the other Irish septs seem to have been at open war with the English. According to the lists published by Harris and by Whitelaw, John d'Arcy was not in the government of Ireland before 1322.
h Parliamentum. — Seems here to be used in the sense of the High Court of Justice. Pembridge uses the more suitable word, Pla- cita.
71
Fowre in Meath, daily fainting with hunger in their journey. Walter Lacy came to Dublin to clear himself of the charge brought against him, and to give hostages to the king as the others had done. In the meantime Bruce remained quiet in Ulster. The O'Tooles, O'Byrnes, Archbolds and Harolds, combined together, they plundered Wicklow with all the adjacent country. The Earl of Moray sailed into Scotland in the first week of Lent. Edward Bruce held a parliament in Ulster, in which he hanged many persons, also in another parlia- ment about mid-lent he put the Logans to death, and takes Alan Fitz Warm and brought him with him into Scotland. Felim O'Conor slew Calroth and Galloglasses, and others with him to the number of 300. Wheat is sold for iSs. 1316. Thomas Mandeville with more men from Drogheda attacked the Scots at Carrickfergus and put them to flight, having killed about thirty on Maundy Thursday (April 8), attacking them on Easter Eve (April 10) he slew sixty of them, but fell himself in the conflict, fighting in his own country and for his own rights. Richard Clare and Richard Birmingham slaughtered many Irish
1 In Scotiam. — It would not appear from Pembridge or Barbour that Edward Bruce ever returned to Scotland. Marleburgh, who omits Robert Bruce's expedition to Ireland, says that Edward Bruce returned to Scotland from Carrickfergus after his first march to the south, and that he was again in Ireland before Easter, 1316.
j Galoglaghes — The galloglasses were the heavy armed foot soldiers of the Irish, they wore an iron head-piece and a coat of defence stuck with iron nails, having a long sword by their sides, and bearing in one hand a broad
axe with an extremely keen edge Harris
Ware's Antiq., p. 161.
k 18*. — Pembridge says that in midlent wheat was sold for 18*., and at the Easter following for 11*. Neither Pembridge nor Grace specifies the measure, it was probably the crannock.
1 Thomas — Barbour records these events immediately after the battle of Coigners, he
in
says that Bruce held the siege
Quhill Palme Sonday wes passit by, Than quhill the Twysday in Payss wouk, On ayther half thai trewys touk, Swa that thai mycht that haly tid, In Pennance and in Pryer bid.
B. xv. 1. 100.
But upon Pasche Even, fifteen ships came from Dewillyne with 4000 armed men, who entered the castle under the command of " Auld Schyr Thomas the Mawndeveill," that the Scots were attacked notwithstanding the truce, but, as falshood " evir mair sail haif unfayr and ewill ending," the attack ended iu the defeat of the English. Mandeville was known by his " arming," and being felled to the ground by Gib Harper was " reversit" by Sir Edward, who " with a knife right in that place reft him of life." Pembridge having mentioned that this engagement took place on Easter- eve, says that it was circa calendar (the first of the month); in 1316 Easter-day fell
Connacia trucidant. Gulielmus Comin cum suis occidit dominum O Brinnem (cum 12 sociis) insignes latrones in Sabbato post ascentionem capitibus Dub- linium dilatis. Dundalcenses O Hanlan petentes, 200 Hibernos interficiunt, periit in conflictu Robertus Verdon armiger. Ad pentecosten, Ricardus Bri- mingham Hibernos plures 300 in Connacia occidit. Ad natale Johannis venit Brus ad Gregfergus, petit deditionem, prout convenerat inter eos, illi vitam et membrum petiverunt, et ut immitteret 30. qui reciperent, quos ingressos in vincula conjecerunt. Hiberni di Omail" Tullagh invadentes 400 perdiderunt, quorum capita Dublinium missa, mirabilia acciderunt mortui resurrexerunt, pugnabant inter se pro more fennocabo0 signum suum pronuntiantes. Ad festum translacionis S. Thomse 8. naves onuste apud Droghda cum necessariis ad ob- sessos in Gregfergo mittendas, qusc perturbatae sunt a comite Ultonise propter deliberacionem Gulielmi de Burgo, qui apud Scotos erat captiviis. Die Sabbati sequente convenerunt Dublinii Comes Ultoniee, Johannes Fitz Thomas, et alii quam plures magnates, qui, dextera data, se in defensionem regis et regionis mortis discrimen subituros pollicebantur. O Conghur in Connacia occidit Stephanum de ExoniisP, Milonem Logan*1, nonnullos de Barries et de Louelles cum pluribus aliis Anglis cir. 80. Ad festum Laurentii insurrexerunt in Anglos 4 reges Hiberni quos castigarunt Gulielmus de Burgo, Ricardus Brimingham dominus de Anrir cum suis trucidatis circa 12000 in Anri oppido, quod postea muris cingcbatur e spoliis Hibernorum, nam qui duplicia* arma acquisierunt militum medium in hoc erogavit. Ceciderunt hie Fideluncus1 O Conghur, rex
Connaciae
on April 11, in 1317 it fell on Aprils. Lord of the O'Tooles.
Hailes understands Pembridge as speaking of ° Fennocabo Fennokabo. — Pembridge.
three engagements on the 8tb and 10lh days of This musthave been the war cry of some of the
April and on the Calends, which were either Wicklow septs. Fynnok(Fin Oge?) O'Conng-
the 16th of April or the 1st of May ; the words hor was a hostage in the Castle of Dublin in
of Pembridge are, "Postea in vig. Paschse die- 1326, with O'Toole, Harold, and other per-
tus dominus Thomas cum suis insultum fecit sons of Wicklow names Rot. Cl. 20 Ed. II.
contra Scotos et plures eorum occidit circa 31. For the war cries of the Irish see Harris'
Calendas et ibi occisus erat." Hailes places Ware's Antiq., p. 163.
the coronation of Edward Bruce on the 2nd p De Exoniis This great family of d'Exe-
of May of this year. ter or Dexter became mere Irish, and assumed
m Dominum O'Brinne — Donnyger O'Bryn- the name of M'Jordan. Davis' Discovery,
ne fortis latro — Pembridge. p. 138. Sir Jordan Dexter's sons were great
"Oimaill — Imayle in Wicklow, the country rebels in Connaught in 1515 — State of Ire-
73
in Connaught. William Comin with his men, slew the Lord O'Birne (with his twelve comrades) famous robbers, on the Saturday after Ascension day (May 22), and brought their heads to Dublin. The men of Dimdalk in seeking O'Hanlon slay two hundred Irish, Robert Verdon Esq. fell in the conflict. At Pentecost (May 30) Richard Birmingham slew more than three hundred Irish in Connaught. On St. John's day (June 24) Bruce came to Carrickfergus, he demands their sur- render, as had been agreed upon between them, they asked for life and limb, and that he should send in only thirty, whom they would receive, but when these had entered they put them in chains. The Irish of Imayle attacked Tullow, and lost four hundred men, whose heads were brought to Dublin ; marvellous things occurred, the dead rose again, and fought with one another, shouting their cry after their fashion, " Fennok abo." On the Feast of the Translation of St. Thomas (July 7) eight ships laden at Drogheda with necessaries to be sent to those who were besieged in Carrickfergus, were stopped by the Earl of Ulster, for the deliverance of William de Burgh, who was a prisoner with the Scots. On the Saturday following there met in Dublin the Earl of Ulster, John Fitz Thomas, and many other lords, who gave their hands to one another, and promised that they would die in defence of king and country. In Connaught O'Conor slew Stephen Dexter, Milo Logan, some of the Barries and Lawlesses, with more English, about eighty. On the Feast of St. Laurence (August 10) four Irish kings rose against the English, who were punished by William de Burgh and Richard Birmingham, Lord of Athenry, with his men, who slew 12,000 of them at the town of Athenry, which was afterwards surrounded with walls from the spoils of the Irish, for whoever took double arms of knights laid out half the price on this work. Here fell Felim O'Conor, King of Connaught, and O'Kelly, with
many
land, State Papers. Galloglasses, or heavy armed, as distinguished
^Logan — Milonem de Cogan, and de Law- from those of the Kerns Harris Ware's
les — Pembridge. Antiq., p. 161. It would appear from the
r Anri — Athenry. In 1310 the bailiffs and following words of Pembridge that both these
men of Athenry had license to levy customs kinds of armour belonged to horsemen, and
for three years for the purpose of building a that they were not peculiar to Irishmen :
stone wall round their town. — Rot. Pat. 3 & " Magna occisio Scotorum, circa C. cum du-
4 Ed. II. 33. plicibus armis, et CC. cum solis armis, summa
8 Duplicia. — This expression occurs also in occisorum CC. prater pedites."
Pembridge ; it probably means the arms of the ' Fidelmeus O'Conghur — This Irish chief
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. L
74
Connacise et O Kelly cum pluribus aliis regulis. Johannes Husseeu carnifex de Anri, cum jussi domini sui de Anri noctu O Kelley conquireret inter mortuos ut ejus caput ei referret ; O Kelly autem cum armigero salvus eum adhortatur ne subeat pugne periculum, quin potius cum eo abeat, et mercedem ingentem reddi- tus accipiat ; quod cum approbasset suus servus, primum suum servum occidit, deinde O Kelley ipsum cum famulo, retulit ad dominum 3" illorum capita, ob quod facinus equestri ordine decoratus, magnis redditibus a domino donatus est. Ad S.Laurentii invasit O Hanlanv agrum Dundalke, a Dundacensibus autem repulsus, multis suorum interfectis. Ad natale Marias David O Thotil cum 8ow sociis in Silva de Colonix noctu se abscondit, detectus autem a Dubliniensibus et Joanne Cominy in fugam versus, 16 e suis perdidit, alii capitalia vulnera ceperunt. Robertas Brus in Hiberniam appulit in subsidium fratris, Gregfordus obseditz.
Monasteria
is said to have joined the Earl of Ulster on Bruce's invasion, and to have been present at the battle of Connor. He subsequently, with the aid of the English, defeated and killed his rival Roderick O' Conor, and having thus es- tablished his power over the Irish in Con- naught, he seems to have hoped to have driven the English out of that province when they were attacked by Bruce. — Leland, vol. i. •267, from Book of Clonmacnoise. It was the seal of this Felim which was presented to Charles I., and which is engraved in Harris Ware's Antiq., plate 1. It bears the legend
S. FEDHL1M REGIS CONACTIE.
u Johannes Hussee Holinshed and Cox
say, that the family of this brave carnifex of Athenry became afterwards barons of Gal- trim ; but the Husseys have been barons of Galtrim from the time of Huge de Hose, to whom Hugh de Lacy gave the fair land of Dies, which Shaphlin held ; and are so to this day, although the title is almost obsolete.
E al barun Huge de Hose
Terre bele ad pus done.
Conq. of Ireland, 1. 3163.
About 1201 John de Hereford granted to the Abbey of St. Thomas, Dublin, all the Church tithes and other dues in his portion of the lands of Desa, as they were divided between him and the Lord Hugh de Heose — Mon. Hib., p. 183. See also Har. Ware's Antiq., p. 193.
i O'Hanlan In 1315 (8 Ed. II.) O'Han-
lan attended parliament. He is styled by Cox (p. 120) Duke (i. e. Dux, Captain or Chief) of Orry— Orior. In 1337, Edward III. issued the following writ, which shows the power of O'Hanlon: " Rex Rogero Gernoun Juniori, Petro de Haddesore, Willielmo le Blound de Dundalk, et Willielmo Dovedale [Dowdall] (recitat quod pax sub certa forma jam inter Regem et fidelem populum suum Comitatus Loueth ex parte Midiae, ex una parte, et Donenald O'Hanelan et illos de cognomine et progenie sua, ex altera, sit formata, ut per quoddam instrumentum sub manu publici notarii confectum potest apparere), assignat dictos Rogerum &c. ad inquirendum per sa- cramentum &c., quis dictam pacem infrinx- erit, seu de cetero infringere contigerit, et ad
75
many other captains. John Hussee, butcher of Athenry, by the orders of his lord went from Athenry by night to look for O' Kelly among the dead, and to bring him back his head ; but O'Kelly, who was safe, and with his esquire, advised him not to run the chance of a combat, but to go off with him and to receive a great estate as a reward ; his servant approved of this ; first then he slew his own servant, then O'Kelly and his servant ; he brought back their three heads to his lord; for this deed he was knighted, and gifted with great estates by his lord. On the Feast of St. Laurence (August 10) O'Hanlon invaded the lands of Dundalk, but was driven away by the men of Dundalk, with the loss of many of his men. On the Nativity of Mary (September 8) David O'Toole with eighty of his men hid himself by night in Cullenswood, but was discovered by the men of Dublin, and put to flight by John Comin; he lost sixteen of his men, and others were mortally wounded. Robert Bruce landed in Ireland to aid his brother, he besieges Carrickfergus. The
monasteries
cranes illos arrestandum, &c. Kilsaran, 11 Sep."— Rot. Pat. 1 1 Ed. III. la pars. 6. Pern- bridge says that O'Hanlon now came to Dun- dalk, "ad distringendum ;" does this mean that he came to distrain for some arrears of protec- tion money or black mail ?
w Cum 80. — Pemb. "cum quatuor." x Silva de Coloni. — In the Annals printed in Whitelaw's Hist, of Dublin, it is said that the citizens, mindful of the loss which they had suffered in 1209, went out, commanded by Sir William Comin (he is so called by Pemb.) to attack the O'Tooles, with the black stan- dard before them, of which Stanyhurst says, " the citizens of Dublin have from time to time so galled the Irish, that even to this dale the Irish feare a ragged and jagged blacke standard that the citizens have, almost through tract of time worne to the hard stumpes ; this standard they carrie with them in Hostings, being never displaied but when they are readie to enter into battell and to come to the shocke, the sight of which danteth the Irish above
L
measure." — Descrip. of Ireland in Holinshed, p. 23. In the famous ordinance of 1331 Ed- ward III. deprives the Justiciary of the power of granting " tuitionem pacis felonibus in silva existentibus." — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 812.
y Joanne Comin — March 26, 1324, Wil- liam Comyn had an order for £70 for his expenses in exploring the passes of the Irish of the mountains in the marches of Leinster, and in staying there till the killing of Mo- riertagh, brother of Hugh Og O'Toole, and the taking of Moriertagh M'Folan O'Toole, John M'Yoghy O'Toole, Stephen Petyt, Gil- lekeyvin O'Gossan, Comdin M'Tothowill, John, son of Gillekeyvin O'Toole, William O'Donnelan, John Fitz Clerk of Tavelagh, Gillekeyvin O'Toole and John O'Molan, who were committed to the Castle of Dublin. — Rot. Cl. 18 Ed. II. 79.
z Obsedit — Barbour places the surrender of Carrickfergus before the arrival of Robert Bruce, and makes no mention of the admission of the thirty Scots, eight of whom, according
Monasteria S Patricii de Dunea et de Saballob cum multis aliis spoliantur. Guliel- mus de Burgo relicto filio obside in Scotia liberatur. Templum de Bright0 in Ultonia plenum hominum xitriusque sexus incenditur. Milites in Gregfergus fame pressi, coria comedebant, 8 e Scotis detentis moriebanturd. Thomas filius comitis Ultonise moritur. Moritur etiam Johannes filius Thomse apud Laragh- brine intra Mainoth ; dicitur cum paulo ante mortem, factum esse comitem Kil- darie6; cui successit filius ejus Thomas fitz Johannis vir prudens. Gregfergus deditur Scotis concessis hiis qui inerant vita et membro. Die exaltacionis crucis occiditur O Conghurf Mac Kele cum 500 Hibernis, a Gulielmo de Burgo et Ricardo Brimingham in Connacia, id ests. Ad omnes Scotos in Ultonia Johannes Logan et Hugo Busseth, Scotos superant, 300 interficiunt, duplicis armature 100. et simplicis 200. In vigilia S Edmundi tempestas magna corruit campanile trinitatis Dublyn. Vigilia Sancti Nicholaui Alanus Stuard1 captus in Ultonia a Johanne Logan et Johanne Sandalej, custodiae traditur, in arce Dubliniae. Ad purificacionem Maria; venerunt Dublmium les Lacics qui inquisitiones procura-
runt
to Pembridge, were eaten by the starving gar- rison.— Book xv. 1. 262, xvi. 1. 45.
a S. Patricii de Dune. — Tbis abbey, which had been under the invocation of the Holy Trinity, was dedicated to St. Patrick by its second founder John de Courcy, who expelled the secular canons, and put in their room Benedictine monks from Chester. That these changes were not universally approved, may be collected from the words of Pembridge, who, when relating de Courcy's imprisonment in 1204, says that in his misery he often ex- claimed, " O Tu Deus quare sic facis mecum qui tot monasteria aedificavi et reaedificavi tibi et sanctis tuis ? qui cum multis vicibus sic eju- laret, et obdormiret, affuit si Sancta Trinitas dicens. Quare me ejecisti de sede mea, et de ^ cclesia Dunensi, et posuisti ibi sanctum meum Patricium patronum Hiberniae? Quia Johan- nes Courcy expulit seculares canonicos de ec- desia Cathedral! Dunensi etadduxitmonachos nigros de Cestria et posuit in eadem ecclesia ;
et Sancta Trinitas fuit ibidem in sede magnitu- dinis, et ipse Johannes deposuit earn de ec- clesia et ordinavit capellam pro ea imagine, et in magna ecclesia posuit iniaginem Sancti Patricii, quod non placuit Deo Altissimo."
bDe Saballo. — Saul in the barony of Lecale, County Down. It was called Sabhall Pa- druic, or Patrick's Barn, and was built from north to south according to the form and posi- tion of Dicho's Barn, the first Ulster convert ; it was probably a real barn in which St. Pa- trick celebrated divine worship Lanigan,
Ecc. Hist., vol. i. p. 212. Mon. Hib., p. 128.
0 Bright — In the barony of Lecale, County of Down. Pembridge calls it Brught. and says that it was burned by the Scots and Irish.
d Muriebantur — Pembridge, who seems to have written from a journal kept at the time, says that news had come from Carrickfergus that for want of provisions the garrison eat the hides of cattle, and about eight Scots who had been taken prisoners, " unde dolendum fuit
77
monasteries of St. Patrick of Down and of Saul, with many others, are plun- dered. William de Burgh having left his son in Scotland as a hostage, is set at liberty. The church of Bright in Ulster, full of persons of both sexes, is burned. The soldiers in Carrickfergus, being pressed with hunger, eat hides. Eight of the Scots who were detained there died. Thomas, son of the Earl of Ulster, dies. John Fitz Thomas also dies at Laraghbrine near Maynooth ; it is said that a little before his death he was made P^arl of Kildare ; his son Thomas Fitz John, a prudent man, succeeded him. Carrickfergus is surrendered to the Scots, life and limb being granted to those who were in it. On the day of the Exaltation of the Cross (September 14) O'Conor is killed and Mac Kelly with five hundred Irish, by William de Burgh and Richard Birmingham, in Connaught. At All Saints (November i ) in Ulster John Logan and Hugh Bissett defeat the Scots, they kill three hundred, one hundred of double armour, and two hundred of single. On St. Edmund's Eve (November 15) there was a great storm, the belfry of Trinity Church, Dublin, was blown down. On the Eve of St. Nicholas (December 5) Alan Stuard, taken prisoner in Ulster by John Logan and John Sandale, is delivered to custody in the Castle of Dublin. On the Purification of Mary (February 2) the Lacies came to Dublin, and obtained an inquisition
whether
quod nemo talibus succurreret." h Hugo Busset. — Pembridge's words as e Comitem Kildarie. — His patent, which is printed, are "facta fuit vnagna occi.sio Scoto- given in Archdall's Peerage, Leinster, bears rum in Ultonia per Johannem Logganum, Do- date May 14, 1316. He was buried in the minum Hugonern Bisset circa C " Grace
Franciscan Friary, Kildare. supplied et, and thus made Sir Hugh Bisset a
1 O' Conghur. — Conghor et Mac-Keley. — loyal Englishman; but if so then, he after -
Pembriclge. Connor and Mac Keley — Cox wards became a traitor, and his hereditaments
who followed Pembridge. Holinshed follows in the island of Raghery and the manor of
Grace, and writes Conhor Mackele, perhaps Glenarm were granted to John de Athy
the name was M'Hale. Rot. Pat. 12 Ed. II. in Tur. Lond. Perhaps
° Id est Die Luna ante festum omni- cepit should be supplied in Peinb.
urn Sanctorum. — Pemb. Grace wrote Scotos ' Alanus Stuard Lord Hailes supposes
for Sanctos. Some have imagined that In- that he was the eldest son of Robert Stewart
sula Sanctorum was originally Insula Scoto- of Crookstown and Darnly.
rum. In the Francfort edition of Giraldus, j Johanne Sandale Cox (p. 96) says that
Top. Hib. Distinct, i. cap. 23. Scotorum Sir John Sandale was a Scotchman, and that
merita is printed for Sanctorum merita — he was taken prisoner with Sir Alan Steward.
Vide Ussher de Britt. Eccl. Prim., p. 735. The Sandales were a powerful English family
runt num Scot! per eos venerint inHiberniam, innocentes inventi acceperunt regis chertam, j usj urandumque dederunt, se regi fideles fore. Post carnispriviumk vene- runt furtim Scoti usque Slane1, cum 2ooom arraatorum, totamque regionem vasta- runt. Die lunae ante Mathias capitur comes Ultonise a Roberto Notingham11 majori Dublin, in monasterio Sancte Marias, custodiaa in arce Dublinii traditus, diu ibi detentus, camera ubi fait incensa septemque famuli ejus occisi. Brus Dublinium versus iter facit, ubi vero comitem captum esse audivit, ad arcem-Knock se con- vertit, eaque capta Hugonem Tirell Baronem, dominum cjusdem, cum uxore captos pecunia dimisit. Ea nocte omnium assensu inccnditur Dubliniae. S Thomae [vicus], pro timore Scotorum, et eodem igne arsit etiam templum S Johannis0 cum capella Magdalene, cremata per infortunium et omnia suburbana Dubliniae et monasterium Sancte Marias, et templum S Patricii ; per dictos vil- lanosp spoliatur. Templum etiam Salvatoris"-, id est, predicatorum, major cum civibus diruit, saxaque ejus asportavit ad murum condendum quern tune amplio- rem fecit ad boream1 supra Keiam, quod ante transibant intra templum S An-
dree,
settled in the neighbourhood of Carrickfergus. k Post Carnisprivium — Barbour says that
Robert Bruce commenced his march to the
south in the month of May.
Quhen hyrds syngs on ilka spray ; Melland thair nots with seymly soune, For softnes off the suet sesoun. And levys off the branches spreds, And blomys brycht besid thaim breds, And felds ar strowyt with flours Weill sawerand, off ser colours, And all thing wor this blyth and gay, Quhen that this gud King tuk his way
To rid Southwart
xvi. 64. 1 Slane John Fitz Nicholas of Slanejoined
Bruce, by which he forfeited two carucates of
land at Ardmacaisse, which were granted to
the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem — Rot.
Pat. 13 Ed. II. 86.
'" 2000 Pemb. says " cum viginti millibus
armatis."
" Roberto Notingham. — He was seventeen times Mayor of Dublin. On the 20th of July, 1318, the citizens of Dublin had a par- don for having taken corn and other provi- sions from the neighbouring county when they were in fear of being besieged by the Scots, and for having taken arms. The king also pardoned them for having set fire to the suburbs, and upon their petition in considera- tion of their sufferings, he remitted to them half their fee farm rent, the whole amounting
to 200 marks Whitelaw, Hist, of Dublin,
vol. i. pp. 170, 388. Rymer, vol. i. p. 350. Lord Hailes observes, that on the fate of Dublin the existence of the English Govern- ment in Ireland depended, and that the public spirit and intrepidity of the citizens at this critical season ought to be held in perpetual remembiance. — An. of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 87. Pembridge says that Bruce came " versus
79
whether the Scots had come by their means, they were found not guilty, and re- ceived the king's charter, and gave their oath that they would be faithful to the king. After Shrovetide (February 16) the Scots came secretly to Slane with two thousand armed men, and laid waste the whole country. On the Monday before St. Matthew's day (February 24) the Earl of Ulster is taken pri soner by Robert Notingham, Mayor of Dublin, in the monastery of St. Mary, he is de- livered into custody in the Castle of Dublin, and detained there for a long time, the chamber where he was is burned, and seven of his servants killed. Bruce marches towards Dublin, but when he heard that the earl was taken, he turned to Castleknock, and having taken it, he ransomed its lord, the Baron Hugh Tirell, and his wife, whom he had taken. That night, with the consent of the citizens, Thomas-street is burned through fear of the Scots, and by the same fire the Church of St. John is burned, with the chapel of Magdalen burned by acci- dent, and all the suburbs of Dublin, and the monastery of St. Mary, and the Church of St. Patrick is plundered by the aforesaid townsmen. The Mayor also and the citizens threw down the Church of St. Saviour, that is, of the Preachers, and carried off the stones to build the town wall, which they then made longer to the north on the quay ; for before this the walls crossed within the Church of St. Audeon's, where a tower is to be seen over the gate, and in Wine Tavern- street
Dubliniam in vigilia S. Matthiae." breadth and 120 in length. near the river Liffey
" S. Johannis. — The Priory of St. John the at the north end of the bridge, to build a church
Baptist in Thomas-street. In order to assist thereon to the honour of St. Saviour Mon.
in repairing this house and church, Edward II. Hib., p. 155. This house first belonged to the granted in 1319 all deodands happening in Ire- Cistercians, but was afterwards given to the land for four years — Mon. Hib., p. 202. This Dominicans Ibid. 205. Archdal land White- grant was continued by Ed. Ill — Rot. Cl. 51 law say that it is now called the King's Inns, Ed. III. 51. rather the Four Courts.
vVillanos — If this word means "villains" TAdboream — Before this time the walls were
and is to be applied to the Scots, it would fol- carried by St. Owen's (Audoeri's) Church near
low, that they had crossed the river to the 400 feet from the river, and the Merchant's-
south ; it probably means townsmen. St. quay was then reputed as part of the suburbs,
Patrick's was without the walls. but in the time of this invasion the citizens built
q Salvatoris In 1218 Andrew Brun and a new wall along the river to the old bridge,
Richard de Bedeford granted to the Priory and so to Newgate Whitelaw's Hist, of Dub.
of the H. Trinity a piece of land 114 feet in p. 169. From the description given by Pern-
8o
drees, ubi apparet turris supra portam et in vico tabernariorum via [visa?] alia porta1, verum postea rex Angliae (coegit) eundem majorem et cives restaurare eundem conventum ut prius. Post festum Mathiae cum intelligeret Brus urbem permunitam esse, iter suum convertit versus saltus salmonurau ubi castra posuit. Robertus Brus rex Scotiae, Edouardus frater, comes de Murrey, Johan- nes de Menteth, Johannes SteAvard, Phillippus Moubray, ibi. 4. dies morati sunt, oppidum incenderunt et templum spoliaverunt. Tandem Naas petebant quo contra juramentum les Lacies duces illis erant et consultores, Hugo vero Canonv fratrem uxoris sue Wadinum Wight* constituit, qui eos per regionem conduceret. Incenderunt Naas, templaque diripuerunt et sepulchra aperue- runtx, duos integros dies ibi morati. Inde Tristledermoty perrexerunt in 2a Septimana 40 fratres minores diripuerunt, libros et vestimenta pessum dede- runt. Inde Baliganam2 recesserunt, et inde, dimissa Kilkenni, ad Callan circa festum Gregorii. Interim venerunt litterae per Edmundum Butler Justitia- rium, Thomam fitz Johannis comitem Kildaria?, Rioardum Clare, Arnaldum Power, Mauritium fitz Thomas, ut liberaretur comes Ultonise voluntate regia ; venerunt Ultoniao cum exercitu 2000, petentes auxilium adversus Scotos, vexil- him regis eis concessum est, a quibus plus mali effectum est quam ab universis Scotis ; nam et carnibus vescebantur per tota 4Oam, et regionem totam vastarunt
fere.
bridge some judgment may be formed how the l Alia porta. — In the plan of Dublin as it
ancient walls of the city were carried, namely stood in 1610, engraved in Whitelaw's History
from Winetavern-street along the south side of Dublin, there is to be seen a tower and gate
of Cook-htreet till they joined Owen's Arch, at the end of Winetavern-street in the wall
which yet remains, and was a portal to the along Merchant's-quay.
city, and from thence were continued north of u Sahus Salmonum. — This Salmon Leap is
Owen's churchyard to a castle called Pagan's noticed by Giraldus (Top. Hib. Secund.
Castle in Page's-court, where was another Dist. xlii.) He calls the Liffey, Auenpli-
portal, and from thence they extended to New- phensi, Avon Liffey, that is, the River Liffey
gate. Some remains of these ancient walls may which has been corrupted into Anna Liffey.
be seen in a void plot of ground lying between Moore says of the Salmon Leap, "nor is it a
Schoolhouse-lane and Owen's Arch. — White- slight addition to the interest of that romantic
law's Hist, of Dublin, p. 67, published in 1818. spot to be able to fancy that the heroic Bruce,
Stanyhufst thought that the new wall erected surrounded by his companions in arms, had
at this time was the inner wall. — Descript. of once stood beside its beautiful waterfall, and
Ireland in Holinshed, p. 25. wandered perhaps through its green glen." —
* S. Andree. — Sancti Audoeni. — Pemb. Hist, of Ireland, vol. iii. p. 63.
street there is another gate to be seen, but afterwards the King of England compelled the said Mayor and citizens to restore the same convent as it was before. After the Feast of St. Matthias (February 24), when Bruce understood that the city was thoroughly fortified, he turned towards the Salmon Leap, and encamped there. Robert Bruce, King of Scotland, his brother Edward, the Earl of Moray, John of Menteith, John Steward, Philip Moubray, stayed there four days, they fired the town and plundered the church. At last they went towards Naas, where, contrary to their oath, the Lacies were their leaders and advisers, but Hugh Canon, appointed Wadin White, his wife's brother, to guide them through the country. They burned Naas, and plundered the churches, and opened the tombs, staying there two whole days. Thence they reached Tristle Dermot in the second week of Lent, they plundered the Friars Minor, and destroyed the books and the vestments. From thence they retired to Gowran, and from thence, without going to Kilkenny, to Callan, where they were, about the Feast of St. Gregory (March 12). In the meantime letters came by Edmund Butler, Justiciary, Thomas Fitz John, Earl of Kildare, Richard Clare, Arnold Power, Maurice Fitz Thomas, that the Earl of Ulster should be liberated by the king's desire. The men of Ulster came with an army of two thousand seeking aid against the Scots, the king's banner was given to them, and more evil was done by them than by all the Scots, for they eat flesh during the whole of Lent, and
laid
v Hugo vero Canon. — In 1308, Hugh Canon and John Fitz Hugh Fitz Owen, were indebted was sheriff of Kildare, and was allowed £40 to the Prior of St. John of Jerusalem — £19. 7s. 4%d. in his accompt, because of the Rot. Cl. 5 Ed. II. 28. This last entry con- falling off of the receipts of the lordship of nects him with the Lacies. Kildare by reason of the third part thereof w Wadinum Wight. — White. — Pemb. being assigned in dower to Isabella, widow x Aperuerunt — Pembridge says that they of William de Vescy, and he was also allowed opened the graves in the churchyard " ad 2s. because of the falling off of the sergeancy quaerendum thesaurum." of Wicklow, as in his time no sergeant dared y Tristledermot. — Castle Dermot in Kil- to exercise his office in that bailiwick. — Rot. dare, a monastery of Franciscans, was founded
Cl. 2 Ed. II. 78. In 1309, he was Escheator here in 1302 by Thomas Lord of Offaly
of Ireland, and one of the itinerating Justices Mon. Hib., p. 312. It is evident from its
in the County of Dublin — Rot. Pat. 3 & 4 ruins that it was a large and magnificent
Ed. II. 31,41. In 1311, Walter de Lacy, building.
Hugh Canon, Stephen deOxonia(deExonia?) 'L Baliganam. — Gowran in Kilkenny.
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. M
82
fere. Strages magna Hibernorum edita est juxta desertum Dcrmitii3, id est, Tris- tildermot, ab Edmundo Butler, itidem alia, ab eodem, militum O Morghe, apud Baclethanb. Brus cum suis Limericumc usque pervenit; cum autem Angli sese conjunxerant ad Ledind, noctu clam de Castro Comung6 reversi sunt. In domi- nica palmarum venerunt ad Kenles in Osseria, colligebatur vero exercitus Anglorum ad Kilkenni. Jubentur Ultonienses die lunae versus hostes proficisci, quibus preficitur comes Kildariae. Brus inde CasshelF se contulit, dein Nanath* regionemque totam igne vastavit.
1317. Die Jovis, cena domini, congregati sunt Edmundus Butler Justic. Thomas fitz Joannis comes Kildarise, Ricardus Clare, Arnaldus Power, Baro de Donnoilh, Mauritius de rupe forti, Thomas fitz Mauritii, les Cauntons cum suis, tmm exercitu Ultoniorum circa 30,000. bene armatorum, circa Scotos, ubi versabantur totam Septimanam, nee quicquam tentaverunt. Die Jovis paschali applicuit le Mortimer' apud Yoghill, Justic factus a rege, festinavitque versus exercitum die lunse sequente, premisitque litteras Edmundo Butler, ne quid ten-
taret
a Desertum DermitiL — Do not these various names of the same place indicate that these an- nals were compiled from different authorities ?
b Baclethan. — Balilethan Pembridge.
Balitcham Marleburgh. Balithan — Stany-
hurst. Ballylinan in Queen's County ? This victory and the preceding victory at Castle Dermot are placed by Marleburgh and Cox in 1316.
c Limericum — Barbour says that King Robert and Edward Bruce,
Throw all the land planly thai raid, Thai fand nane that thaim obstakill maid, Thai raid ewyn forouth Drochindra, And forouth Dewillyne syne alsua : Ann to giff bataill nane thai fand. Syne went thai southwart in the land, And rycht to Kynerike held their way That is the southmaist town perfay That in Irland may fundyn be.
B. xvi. 1. 259.
Pinkerton in a note says that some editions read Limeric for Kynerike.
d Ledin. — Ledyn. — Pemb. Neither Mar- leburgh, nor Stanyhurst, nor Cox, mention this place. In the Cal. Rot. it is called Lodene and Lodyn. The following entries are interesting : " Rex concessit Ricardo de Waleys pro servicio eundo cum magna comi- tiva armatorum et peditum contra Scotos apud Loueth, Sketheres et Lodene, et Hibernicos in diversis partibus Hiberniae, £255, in quibus abbas et conventus de Inchelauenagh [Inis- lounagh or de Surio in Tipperary] tenebantur mercatoribus de Societate Ricardorum de Luca, et quse ad manus Regis devenerunt ratione debitorum in quibus iidem mercatores Regi tenebantur." — Rot. Pat. 11 Ed. II. 77. Edmund Butler was at Lodyn on the 10th of April, 1317> on which day, for services against the Scots, he granted a pardon to Peter Hughe- lot and others Rot. Pat. 11 Ed. II. 28, 29.
laid waste almost the whole country. There was a great defeat of the Irish at Desart Dermot, that is, Tristle Dermot, by Edmund Butler, also another of the soldiers of O'More by the same at Baclethan. Bruce with his forces went as far as Limerick ; but when the English had united their forces at Ledin they secretly retreated by night from Castle Connell. On Palm Sunday (March 27) they came to Kells in Ossory, but the army of the English was assembled at Kilkenny. The men of Ulster were ordered to march against the enemy on Monday, under the command of the Earl of Kildare. Bruce thence went to Cashel, and thence to Nenagh, and laid waste the whole country with fire.
1317. On Thursday in Passion Week (March 30), Edmund Butler, Justi- ciary, Thomas Fitz John, Earl of Kildare, Richard Clare, Arnold Power, the Baron of Donoyl, Maurice Rochfort, Thomas Fitz Maurice, the Cantetons with their followers, assembled with the army of the Ulster men, about thirty thousand well armed, about the Scots, and staid there the whole week, and did not attempt any thing. On Thursday in Easter week (April 7), Mortimer landed at Yoghill, having been made Justiciary by the King, and hastened towards the army on the Monday following, and sent letters before him to Edmund Butler that he
should
e Castro Comung. — Castro de Conninger. — Pemb. Castle Connell near Limerick. It appears from the Annals of Inisfallen (MS.) that Bruce was invited to the banks of the Shannon by one of the chiefs of the O'Briens of Thomond, and that the rival chief joined the English in opposing him.
fCasshell. — Campion says, after Pembridge, that le Bruise proceeded and spoyled Cashell, and wheresoever he lighted upon the Butler's lands, those he burned and destroyed unmer- cifully Hist., p. 122.
e Nanath — Nenagh in Tipperary.
h Baro de Donnoil. — John le Poer, Baron of Donnoyl, or Dunhill, in Waterford. The great Irish lords at this time were not called by their titles, unless they were created or belted earls, and even in that case they some- times retained their personal appellation, thus
M
Edmund Butler, the Justiciary, is not called by his earldom of Carrick, but the subinfeu- datory barons who were lords of parliament, as Hussey Baron of Galtrim, and Nangle Baron of Navan, were commonly so distin- guished. And this Baron of Donnoyll may have been so called, either as a subinfeudatory baron, or to distinguish him from others of his wide spread family. The de la Poers of Curraghmore, afterwards Earls of Tyrone, and now represented by the Marquis of Waterford, were descended from the Lord Arnold Power — Archdall's Peer, of Ireland, vol. vi. p. 304.
' Mortimer — Hispatentas Gustos and Lieu- tenant bears date November 23, 1316, and the English lords who held lands in Ireland, were ordered to be at Haver ford- West, to join him on his way to Ireland, at the Feast of the
taret ante suura advcntum. Interim autem de suo adventu monitus est Brus, ut inde discederet, qui nocte sequent! versus Kildare movit, Angli* autem repa-
triaverunt
Purification (Feb. 2) 1317 — Rymer, vol. ii. pp. 301, 5, 9. In Mortimer's commission power was given to him " concedendi Hiber- nicis quod ipsi legibus Anglicanis utantur et gaudeant, prout pro .... expeditione negotio- rum nostrorum in partibus illis contra Scotos inimicos et rebelles nostros, qui eandem terram hostiliter ingressi sunt ; melius videbitur faci- enda." Perhaps the coldness with which he was received by the Irish lords, and their want of cooperation with him, may have been caused by his attempt to exercise this power, and to extend the laws of England to the natives of Ireland ; a privilege long coveted by the Irish, and which the kings of England were always willing to grant — Rymer, vol. i. pp. 498, 540, 582 ; vol. ii. p. 812. From such startling en- tries as the following it would appear that the king could not give this privilege to an indi- vidual without the consent of his master. Rex de assensu et voluntate Henrici de Cogan con- cessit Johanni O Kaskyn, Hibernico ejusdem Henrici, quod ipse et ejus exitus lege Angli- cana utantur — Rot. Pat. 11 Ed. II. 170. It may be observed, that the great Anglo-Irish lords had a direct interest in excluding their Irish tenants from the protection of the Eng- lish law ; over their English tenants they could legally exercise no powers but such as were exercised in England, but over their Irish tenants J;hey claimed, and were legally entitled to, all the privileges which had been exercised by the Irish princes. Of these Irish princes they considered themselves as the rightful re- presentatives, either by blood, as in the whole of Leinster ; or by the terms of their charters, as in the province of Meath ; and so careful
were they of obtaining a legal right to the exercise of the Irish law, that when Kildare was granted to Thomas Fitz John, he had granted to him a retrospective power of pun- ishing all former offences according to the laws and customs of Ireland. — Rot. Pat. 11 Ed. II. 57- The ericks, and money com- mutations for felonies, the bonaghts and cosherings, and cuddies, and the other dues of the Irish chief (enumerated by Ware, Antiq., c. xii.), however injurious to the people, were all profitable to the lord, who was therefore not only willing to continue them over his Irish tenant, but was also desi- rous of introducing them over his English freeholders. The question in fact was, not between the Crown and the subject, but be- tween the lord and the vassal, whether the latter should be governed according to the law of the English settlers, or by the old es- tablished laws and customs of Ireland. But although it would be difficult to prove that the English lords exacted any dues, or exercised any powers, over their Irish tenants, which were not levied and exercised at the same times by the Irish chiefs in the Irish countries (see Sir J. Davis' letter to Lord Salisbury), still it must be concluded that these exactions were levied with greater harshness and paid with greater reluctance in the English dis- tricts, than in those in which landlord and tenant were of the same blood, and where there were no invidious distinctions to make subjection to them a proof of inferiority. Nor was the Irish law injurious only to the Irish, the English also suffered from the introduc- tion of some of its principles. In a petition
should make no attack before his coming. But in the mean time Bruce was warned of his coming and to depart thence, and the following night he moved towards Kildare, but the English went back to their own country, and the army
of
to the King in 1316, it was represented to him by the people of Ireland, that the law was, that an Englishman convicted of the murder of an Englishman, of robbery, of arson, or of stealing to the value of 12£e?., should suffer capitally, and that the same punishment should be inflicted upon an Irishman convicted of the murder of an Englishman, or of arson ; but that an Irishman convicted of robbery or theft was at the discretion of the judge, either to be put to death, or to commute his punish- ment by the payment of money. The peti- tioners, not complaining of the advantage thus given to the Irish criminal, stated that as long as this law was observed, the English people increased, and the Church enlarged its bounds, but that the justices had assumed the power of commuting felonies for little or nothing, charg- ing for the murder of an Englishman, for rob- bery or theft, 1 00 pounds, or 1 40 or 20 shillings, and that these slight punishments had given such courage to felons, both English and Irish, that they were not afraid to commit the most dreadful crimes, especially as the king's true subjects were afraid toindict or to convict such felons, fearing that when discharged on the payment of these penalties, they would mur- der or ruin them for their verdicts. The remedy proposed for these evils was, that the murder of an Englishman, or arson, should not for the future be pardoned or commuted for except in parliament, which should be held every year ; that these crimes should not be commuted for less than <£100, nor robbery and theft for less than four times the value to be paid into the Exchequer before the prisoner
should be discharged from gaol. The king referred the matter to a meeting of all the prelates, barons, and commons, for their opinion, reserving the decision to himself. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 293. The whole of this very curious paper is given in the Appendix. The specific grievances arising from the ob- servance of the Irish rather than of the Eng- lish law, when it pressed upon the Irish, are given in the Memoirs of Charles O' Conor, p. 72, and in Moore's Hist, of Ireland, vol. iii. p. 75, from the Remonstrance of the Irish to Pope John XXII., a document which I have not seen in the original.
The following entry shows that there was a peculiarity either in the law or the mode of administering it in Ireland, to which the Anglo-Irish were attached, and which they were unwilling should be changed : " Rex. Waltero de Cusak et sociis quos constituerat Justiciaries ad itinerandum in Comitatu Dub- linensi (recitat quod populus illius comitatus conqueritur hoc esse ci prejudicial quod pla- cita teneantur secundum legem et consuetudi- nem Angliae, aliter quam teneri consuevere secundum legem et consuetudmem Hibernise, et supplicat quod debitum remedium adhibea- tur) mandat quod dicti justiciarii omnia pla- cita terrse coram ipsis pendencia, in itinere predicto, quse coram Justiciario de Banco secundum legem et consuetudinem Hibernise atterminari et placitari possunt, supersede-
ant omnino. Dublin, 8. Mali Rot. Pat.
3 & 4 Ed. II. 85, see Lynch's Dignities, p. 22.
j Angli. — Some of the English who had
86
triaverunt et Ultonii Naas venit. Nuntii mittuntur ad regem de statu Hiberniac>. Rogerus Mortirair et magnates consultant ad Kilkeny, quid agerent erga Brus, nihil vero conclusum. Mense post paschse venit Brus ad 4 lencas prope Trimk, ibique in silva quadam castra metatus est, ibique 7. dies moratus est ad suos reficiendos, qui fame et labore fere perierunt, multique ibi mortui relicti. Die Phillippi et Pauli versus Ultoniam1 contendit. Paulo post venit Mortimerus cum Johanne Vogan Dublinum, cum Fulcone fitz Warinim et 30 equitibus auratis, tenuitque parliamentum apud Kilmaniam cum omnibus magnatibus, ubi actum de liberacione comitis Ultonise, nihil conclusum est. Iterum Dublinise commitiis habitis, ubi liberatur subter fidejussione, datis obsidibus et sacramento, se civi- bus Dublin nihil mali illaturum, constituitur dies11, ille autem ad diem minime rediit. Frumenti magna caritas, cranocus valebat 24*.° avense 165. vinum 8d. universa enim regio devastata a Scotis et Ultoniis ; multi ex divitibus mendici fiebant, multi fame perierunt, ingruit etiam pestis terribilis, quse multos sustulit. Mortimerus Just, ad pentecosten Droghoda se contulit, inde Trim, vocat ad se per litteras Lacios qui venire recusabant, ad quos deinde missus est dominus Hugo de Custesq eques, ut de pace cum iis ageret, qui ab eisdem occisus est. Colligit igitur Mortimerius exercitum, eosque bonis et pecore spoliavit, eorum subditos quam plures occidit, eosque in Connaciam fugavit ; dicitur autem Gual- terum Lacium in Ultoniam perrexisse, ut peteret auxilium a Brus. Ad nati vi- ta tern
come over with Mortimer. Pinkerton may well say that the poet's geogra-
k Trim. — Pennies of Alexander III. of phy of Ireland is very imperfect. For lereby
Scotland have, not unfrequently, been picked some editions have Tyrel, (Tyrrellspass in
up in the neighbourhood of Trim, which may Westmeath ?) Barbour considers this expe-
have been brought there by Bruce's soldiers, dition as a triumphant march through all Ire-
1 Versus Ultoniam. — Bruce's retreat from land, and says that Irish kings came to him
Limerick is thus given by Barbour : and did him homage, and that he was now
Agayne northwart thai tuk thair way, "in gud way to conquer the land halily," but
Throw all Irland than perfay, that his " utrageouss sucquedry and will, that
Throw all Conach, rycht to Dewillyne, wes mar than hardy," letted him of his pur-
And throw all Methy, and lereby syne, pose.
And syne haly throw Ulsister mFitzWarini — Domino Fulcone Warini —
And Monester and Lenester, Pemb. The Fitz Wariris were a powerful
To Cragfergus forowtyn bataill, family in Ulster, they seem to have been heri-
For thar was nane durst hym assail. ditary seneschals of Ulster, at least a William
B. xvi. 1. 293. Fitz Warin was in that office in 1375, (Rymer
of Ulster came to Naas. Messengers are sent to the King about the state of Ireland. Roger Mortimer and the lords deliberate at Kilkenny how they should act towards Bruce, but nothing was determined. In the month after Easter, Bruce came to within four miles of Trim, and there encamped in a certain wood, and staid seven days to refresh his men, who had nearly perished of hunger and fatigue, and many were left there dead. On the day of St. Philip and St. James (May i) he went towards Ulster. A short time after Mortimer with John Wogan came to Dublin with Fitz Warm and thirty knights, and held a parliament at Kilmainham with all the nobles, in which they treated of the liberation of the Earl of Ulster ; nothing was concluded. At a second meeting in Dublin he is liberated under bail, having given hostages and an oath that he would not injure the citizens of Dublin, a day is fixed for the trial, but at that day he did not return. A great scarcity of wheat ; the crannock was worth 24*., oats i6s., wine 8^., for the whole country was wasted by the Ulster men and the Scots ; many of the rich men became beggars, and many died of hunger, there also raged a horrible plague which carried off numbers. At Whitsuntide, Mortimer, the Justiciary, betook himself to Drogheda, and from that place to Trim, he calls before him the Lacies by letters, they refused to come, and then the Lord Hugh de Custes, Knight, is sent to them to treat with them of peace, and is put to death by them. Therefore Mortimer assembled an army and spoiled them of goods and cattle, and slew many of their followers, and drove them into Connaught ; but Walter Lacy is said to have gone to Ulster to seek aid from Bruce. At a
parliament,
vol. i. p. 520), and again in 1332 — Davis' suited Flattsbury or Grace. In 1316inEng-
Discovery, p. 30. land, before St. John's day (June 24), wheat
" Constituitur dies — It appears more plainly was 30s. the quarter, and from St. John's day
from Pembridge that the earl swore that he to Lady Day in harvest (August 15) was 40*.
would not injure the citizens, but would proceed Walsingham Hist. Angl. p. 108.
against them by law ; and it would seem that " Hugo de Custes Hugo de Croftes —
for that purpose time was given him to St. Pemb. Pembridge does not say that he was
John's day (June 24), on which day he did murdered by the Lacies, his words are, " et
not appear. postea Dominus Hugo de Croftes Miles missus
o 24s Viginti tribus solidis.— Pemb. Cox fuit ad les Lacyes, et bona sua et animalia et
says 23s., Holinshed 24s.; from many such thesaurum cepit, et ipsos omnino destruxit
coincidences it is likely that Cox consulted et plures de eoruin hominibus occidit et eos
Pembridge, and Holinshed (Campion) con- fugavitin partibus Connacia;.
tatemi Johannis comitiis habitis liberatur comes Ultoniae, datis fidejussoribus, obsidibus, et juramento se regi per omnia fidum futurum, Scotos persecuturum. Die S Process! et Martiniani Dominus Johannes de Ather obviam in mari habuit. Thomam Dons, latronem insignem, quern cepit, occisi eorum qui cum illo fuerunt, circa 40, capita autem ejus et reliquomm Dublinium attulit. Die translacionis Thomas, Nicus Balscott1 de Anglia venit, qui retulit duos in Angliam venisse cardinalesu ex curia Romana, ut interconciliarent Anglos et Scotos, Bullamque tulerunt excomunicat omnium qui pacem conturbarent. Ad festum Margaritas Hugo et Gualterus Lacyv proditores pronuntiati. Rogerus Mortimer dominica sequente cum manu militum [iter arripuitw versus Drogheda. Ultonii] de Droghda agrum depraedarunt, cives autem spolia ab illis auferunt, in conflictu occiditur Milo Logan cum fratre, et sex alii nobiles Ultonii capti sunt, et ad castrum Dubliniae delati. Mortimer Justic. congregat milites in Ofervilx,
transitum
q Ad nativitatem. — The earl hadbeen libera- ted on bail on the Sunday before Ascension Thursday, May 8, and was bound to appear on St. John's day. On the Monday after St. John's day he was liberated finally, on taking the oaths stated, and giving securi- ties. This may be reconciled with the pre- ceding entry, in which the earl is said not to have come at the day appointed, by supposing that he was bound before St. John's day, either to take legal proceedings against the citizens or to surrender himself, and that he chose the latter. On the 27th of April, the king, by writ to Mortimer, reserved to himself the consideration of all things touching the arrest of the Earl of Ulster, Gilbert, and Hugh de Burgh and Henry le Clerk — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 327. On the 23rd July, the earl had letters of safe conduct on his way to England, and on the following day he had letters of protec- tion— Rot. Pat. 1 1 Ed. II. 4, 7.
r Johannes de At he. — Rex commisit Jo- hanni de Athy custodiam terrse de Man du- rante beneplacito. 6 Julii. an. 10. — Rot. Pat.
11 Ed. II. 10. In 1324-26 he was constable of the castle of Carrickfergus, at a salary of 100 marks per an. ; and in 1335 he was admi- ral "flote Regis omnium navium in singulis portubus et aliis locisin Hibernia." — Rot. Cl. 9 & 10 Ed. III. 33. Perhaps the Mandevilles, who had defended Carrickfergus, thought that the castle should be confided to them, for, in 1319, Richard de Mandeville be- sieged it when in the keeping of John de Athy — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 388.
8 Thomam Don — Dr. Drummond, in his notes to Bruce's Invasion, conjectures, that this Thomas Don was the " Thomas off Downe," " a scowmar off the se," who freed Edward Bruce and his army from their jeo- pardy on the banks of the Bann, by ferrying them across in four vessels, as told by Bar- hour — B. xiv. 1. 375.
* Nicus Balscott — Chancellor of the Ex- chequer in 1312 Rot. Cl. 5 Ed. II. 27.
u Cardinales. — Cardinals Gancelinus Fitz John and Lucas de Flisco, Nuncios of John XXII., brought his bull proclaiming a truce
89
parliament, on the Nativity of St. John (June 24), the Earl of Ulster is liberated, having given bail, hostages, and his oath, that he would be faithful in all things to the King, and that he would persecute the Scots. On the day of St. Processus and Martinian (July 2), Sir John de Athy met at sea Thomas Don, a famous pirate, whom he took prisoner ; there were slain of those who were with him, about forty, but he brought his head and the heads of the rest to Dublin. On the day of the Translation of St. Thomas (July 7) Nicholas Balscott came from England, who reported that two Cardinals had come to England from the Court of Rome to reconcile the Scots and the English, and they brought a bull of ex- communication against all who should disturb the peace. On the Feast of St. Margaret (July 20) Hugh and Walter de Lacy were proclaimed traitors. On the following Sunday, Roger Mortimer with a party of soldiers went towards Drogheda. The Ulster men plundered the country about Drogheda, but the townsmen took their prey from them ; in the conflict Milo Logan and his brother are slain, and six other Ulster nobles are taken and brought to the Castle of Dublin. The Justiciary, Mortimer, assembles troops against O'Feral, he cuts
for two years between the Scots and the Eng- lish, and authorizing them to excommunicate all persons who should break it — Rymer, vol. ii. pp. 328, 329. These cardinals had a grant from the English clergy of 4rf. in the mark, and they were entitled by Papal au- thority to certain payments from the clergy of Ireland, as on the 20th of March the Abbot of St. Thomas, Dublin, had the king's license, without which he alleged that he could not proceed, to collect their procurations. It is probable, that the abbot, when the license was granted, was not very earnest in collecting this money, as, on the 18th of August, James Basset and John de Auriliano were sent by the cardinals into Ireland "pro diversis nego- tiis ipsorum cardinalium." — Rymer, vol. ii. pp. 358, 371. For the mode in which Robert Bruce received the Papal message, see Ry- mer, vol. ii. p. 351.
v Hugo et Gualterus Lacy — On the 28th of
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3.
N
April, 1317, these Lacys with many other Irish lords received the king's thanks for their loyal services against the Scots. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 327. They were now proclaimed " seductores et felones Domini Regis, quia vexillum tulerunt contra pacem Domini Regis Anglise." — Pembridge. Is Anglise mentioned here to distinguish the King Edward Plan- tagenet from Edward Bruce, King of Ire- land?
w Iter arripuit — The words within brackets are omitted in the MS., they have been sup- plied from Pembridge. The repetition of the word Drogheda probably caused the error of the transcriber.
1 Ofervil — O'Feral's country of Annaly,
now Longford Harris Ware's Antiq., pp.
46, 48. In this territory, if not in Meath, was perhaps included the Conmacne which is called Coneinake in Hugh de Lacy's charter to Geoffry de Constentyn, and is there said
9o
transitura periculosum excindit, omnes domos ejus incendit, quibus coactus Ofervil pacis obsides dedit. Inde Justitiarius se contulit Tom, ubi accusatus Johannes Whitey de Rath-Regan 200 marcarum mulctam dedit. Post natale Mariae pro- fectus est cum exercitu versus Onail, Olinselique2 venit ubi ceciderunt multi, turn Angli turn Hiberni, vicerunt Angli tamen. Morgh O Brine se dedit regi ad castrum Dublin ; dein les Archebaldes paci se obstrixerunt, fidejussore comite Kildariae. Archiepiscopus Dublin et comes Ultonise manent in Anglia ad par- liamentum Lincolniae. D. Hugo Canona Justitiarius regis in Banco, occiditur ab Andrea Brimingam inter le Naas et Castlemartin. Alexander Bignor bul- lis papalibus confirmatur episcopus Dublinii. Post S. Valentinianum Rogerus Mortimer, Johannem Mortimer cum 4 sociis equestri ordine decoravit, magnum- que festum celebravit in castro Dublin. Pugnarunt inter se duo reges Connacii, occisi sunt iooob Hiberni. Maxima penuria et fames in Ultoniac ; e i ooo reman-
serunt
to be beyond the river of Ethne, the Inny. — Ibid, p. 193. Perhaps the " transitus peri- culosus" of Grace, which Pembridge calls " Passus malus" may have been the place called New Pass, near Rathowen, which is near the Inny. The opening a pass was a good service to the English government; we have seen Gavaston celebrated for clearing a pass into Wicklow ; and in the parliament of 1297, it was stated, that even on the king's highway there were places so overgrown with wood that scarcely even a foot passenger was able to pass, so that the Irish when they had plundered the country were enabled to escape pursuit, and it was therefore enacted, that the lord of the woods and his tenants, through which the king's highway was an- ciently, should sufficiently clear the pass where the king's highway ought to be, and at their own expense should make it wide enough and clear from underwood and trees, whether standing or fallen ; if they neglected to do this they were to be distrained by the sheriff, or if too poor to do it at their own expense, then
our lord the king, or his chief justice, should have the assistance of all the adjacent country. — Betham's Dignities, pp. 269, 270.
y Johannes White. — Domino Johanne Blound scilicet White de Rathregan. — Pemb. He is called John le Blund (Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 21), and had at that time letters of protection as he was going to Scotland with Richard de Burgh, and in 1317, under the same name he was thanked for his loyalty. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 327- It is probable that White and Blunt are the same name.
z Olinselique. — Apud Glinsely Pemb.
Probably Hy Kinselagh in Wicklow and Wex- ford. Whilst Mortimer was thus subduing the Leinster Irish by force, he gained over the Connaught Irish by concessions. On the 8th of March, 1318, according to an agreement which he with Richard Lord of Athnery (Athenry) and others of the council, made for the advantage of the king and the peace of Ireland, the king granted to O'Conacher, prince of the Irish of Connaught, the lands of Shilmorthy Fethys (SiolMorey in Roscom-
91
a dangerous pass and burns all his houses, by which O'Feral was compelled to give hostages for peace. Thence the Justiciary went to Trim, where John White of Rathregan was accused and fined two hundred marks. After the Nativity of Mary (September 8) he went with an army towards Imayle, and came to Hy- Kinselagh where many fell, both English and Irish, but the English were vic- torious. Murrogh O'Birne surrendered himself to the king at the Castle of Dublin ; then the Archbolds bound themselves to the peace, the Earl of Kildare giving security for them. The Archbishop of Dublin and the Earl of Ulster remain in England for the parliament at Lincoln. Sir Hugh Canon, Justice of the King's Bench, is murdered by Andrew Birmingham between Naas and Castle Martin. Alexander Bykenor is confirmed Bishop of Dublin by Papal bulls. The day after St. Valentine's Day (February 14), Roger Mortimer knighted John Mortimer and his four companions, and held a great feast in the Castle of Dublin. Two kings of Connaught fight with one another, one thousand Irish are slain. A great scarcity and famine in Ulster ; of one thousand there re- mained
mon), and the lands of the King of Tyrmany (Hymaine in Galway and Roscommori) with the exception of the lands of Englishmen, or lands granted in burgage — Rot. Pat. 1 1 Ed. II. 103.
a Hugo Canon. — Pembridge says that news of this murder reached Dublin " circa festum Epiphanise."
'' 1000 — Pembridge says, " occisi erant ex utraque parte circa quatuor mille homines;" perhaps this internal quarrel in Connaught was the result of Mortimer's grant mentioned in former note.
c Ultonia. — Pembridge makes this Famine still more grievous ; he says, " postea venit mirabilis vindicta de Ultoniensibus, qui tern- pore, quo Scoti deprsedaverunt in Hibernia, magna damna fecerunt, et carne in Quadra- gesima sine necessitate comederunt, idcirco venit super eos tribulatio magna, quod unus- quisque eoruin alium comedit, quod de decem millibus eorum non remanserunt nisi circa
N
CCC. qui fere pro vindicta evaserunt, et hie patet vindicta Dei." On the statement that they cooked flesh in dead men's skulls, Lord Hniles exclaims, " as if the famine had consumed the spits and the kettles !" Dr. Drummond, in his notes to " The Bruce," conjectures that this report originated in the Irish having used their skulls (clogadx) or helmets for pots. We know that during the battle of Waterloo the officers of the Guards broiled pigeons in the cuirass of a dead Frenchman at Hougoumont. This famine was not confined to Ireland, it extended to England, and lasted for three years. At first an attempt was made to keep down prices by an Act of Parliament, but this plan was found to aggravate the evil, and every one was allowed to sell " meliori foro quo pos- set." In 1316 the autumn was so wet that the corn could not ripen, and it was scarcely brought home by the Nativity of the Virgin, September 8, and then the bakers were obliged
92
serunt tantum 300, dicuntur aliqui corpora mortuorum e sepulchris extraxisse, corpora in capitibus coxisse et comedisse ; mulieres etiam suos infantes devora- runt.
1318. Berwick capta a Scotis. Venit in Hiberniam Gualterus Islep Thesau- rarius regis cum literis ad Mortimerum quibus ad regem accersebatur, is reliquit custodem Hiberniae Gulielmumd Caucellensem, qui fuit etiam Cancellarius et Archiepiscopus. Die Gordiani et Epimachi occiditur ab O Brine et M'Carth [Ricardus de Clare cume] Thoma de Naas, D. Jacobo de Canton, Johanne Canton et Adam Apilgard et 8 militibus. Ricardus in minutas partes scinditur ob odium, reliqui apud Limiricum sepulti. Post Pascham ducitur Johannes Lacy a Dublin usque ad Trym ad juditium, qui carcerif adjudicatus, inibi moritur. Ad ascencionem domini reliquit [Rogerus Mortimers] omne quod debuerat pro victualibus ad mille libras insolutum. Ad festumh Jacobi panis de novo grano quod raro videtur. Alexander Bigenor Justic. applicuit ad Yoghill ; recipitur Dubliniae1 cum processione. PugnaturJ ad Dondalck cum Scotis, qui fuerunt Edoardus Brus, Philippus Moutbray, Gualterus Sulis, Alanus Steward cum
Obus
to dry the wheat in ovens before they sent it to the mill, and when made into bread it gave no nourishment. Before St. John's day wheat was sold at 30s. the quarter, and from that time to the Assumption of the Virgin (August 15) it rose to 40s., and the mortality was so great that the living were scarcely able to bury the dead ; even the cattle perished, and herbs that were used in medicine lost their virtue ; four pennyworth de grosso pane was scarcely enough in the day for one man ; fat dogs were commonly stolen and eaten ; people were said to have eaten their own children; and to have stolen those of others ; and prisoners in gaols tore new comers to pieces, and devoured them on the spot. Such is the description given by Walsingham — Hist. Angl. in an. 1316. In this year a proclamation prohibited the malt- ing of wheat.
d Gulielmum — William Fitz John, Arch-
bishop from 1317 to 1326 — Ware's Bishops, p. 476. The following singular grant was made to this archbishop, " Rex ob merita con- cessit Willielmo Archiepiscopo Cassellensi I messuagium una cum advocacione ecclesie beate Marie de Dungarvan in Comitatu Wa- terfordensi habenda. ipsi et successoribus s\iis Anglicis Archiepiscopis ejus loci in perpe- tuum."— Rot. Pat. 11 Ed. II. 88. Was the grant to be recalled if an Irishman had suc- ceeded as archbishop ?
e [Ricardus de Clare cum.'} — The words be- tween brackets are omitted in MS., they have been supplied from Pembridge and from the context. Pembridge says, that there were slain with him four knights (quatuor milites), Sir Henry de Capella, Sir Thomas de Naas, Sir James de Caunton, Sir John de Caunton, et Adam Apilgard, "cumaliis Ixxx. hominibus, et dicebatur quod dictus Dominus Richardus
93
mained only three hundred, some are said to have taken the bodies of the dead from the graves, to have cooked the bodies in skulls, and to have eaten them ; women also devoured their infants.
1318. Berwick taken by the Scots. Walter Islep, the King's Treasurer, comes into Ireland with letters to Mortimer, in which he was sent for to the king, he left as Gustos of Ireland William Archbishop of Cashel, who was both Chancellor and Archbishop. On the day of Gordian and Epimachus (May 10) O'Brien and M'Carty slay Richard of Clare with Thomas of Naas, Sir James de Canteton, John Canteton, and Adam Apilgard, and eight soldiers. Richard's body is cut into small pieces through hatred, the rest are buried at Limerick. After Easter John Lacy is brought from Dublin to Trim to receive sentence, he is condemned to prison, where he dies. On Ascension day Roger Mortimer left what he owed for provisions to the amount of £1000 unpaid. On the Feast of St. James (July 25) there was bread of new corn, which is seldom to be seen. Alexander Bykenor, Justiciary, landed at Youghall ; he is received at Dublin with a procession. A battle is fought at Dundalk with the Scots, who were Edward Bruce, Philip Mowbray, Walter Soulis, Alan Steward, with his
three
in minutas partes pro odio scindebatur, sed re- liquiae ejus sepultse in Lymerico inter Fratres Minores."
f Carceri. — He was sentenced, says Pern - bridge, "ad dietam et in carcere moriebatur." The term "ad dietam" expressed the sad sus- tenance the prisoner was allowed, viz., on the first day three morsels of the worst bread, on the second three draughts of water out of the next puddle ; and this was to be alternately his daily diet till he died — Pennant's Wales, p. 162. Dieta is not given in this sense in Adelung's Du Cange.
s [Rogerus Mortimer] — Omitted in MS. Campion says Mortymer went over to the king indebted to the citizens of Divelin for his viands a thousand pounds, whereof he payde not one smulkin (farthing), and many a bitter curse carried with him to the sea.
h Adfestum — This early harvest must have been foreseen for some time, as on St. John's day, June 24, wheat which had been 16*. sold for 7*. and oats for 5s. ; there was also abun- dance of wine and salt and fish. This year was not a fine year in England. — Walsing- ham. Stow says of 1317 (1318?), that the harvest was housed before St. Giles' day, September 1, and that wheat which was be- fore at £4 the quarter, was now at 6s. Sd. ; and oats that was before at £3 4s., was now 5s. 4d. — Stow, quoted in Fleetwood's Chro- nicon Preciosum.
' DublinicE — He arrived at Dublin on the day of St. Dionysius (Oct. 9). — Pemb.
J Pugnatur — This battle was fought on the day of St. Calixtus (Oct. 14).— Pemb. Mar- leburgh states the forces of the English at 1324 men, and says that of the Scots were
94
gbus fratribus, Gualterus et Hugo Lacy, Joannes Kersindinek, Gualterus Albus1, cum 3000 militum ; Anglorum dux Johannes Brimingham, dein Ricardus Tuit, Milo Veridon, Hugo Trepiton™, Herebertus Sutton, Johannes Cusack, Guliel- mus et Gualterus Brimingham, primas Armachanus" qui omnes absolvit, Gual- terus de Larpulles0, Johannes Maupas, cum circa 20 Droghdaensibus bene armatis. Committitur preliump inter Dundalck et Faghird ; ubi victis Scotis, occiditur Edwardus Brus a Johanne Maupas, omnesque reliqui nobiles preter Phillippum Moutbray, qui tamen lethale vulnus accepit, Hugo Lacy, [Walter Lacyq et pauci alii], reliqui occisi ad 2000 Scotorum ; corpus Johannis Maupas super corpus Brusi inventum. D. Jo. Brimingham caput Brusiir ad regem detulit, cui in mercedem datus est comitatus de Louth et Baronia de Atroide. Manus et cor Brusii Dub- linum deportantur, reliqua membra ad varia alia loca divisa.
slain 8274.
k Kersendine. — Kermerdyne — Pemb. He forfeited estates in Nottustoun, Wisestoun, Balimadoun, Carpenterustoun and Wiltones- toun in Fingal, at Tylaghowry in Limerick. Rot. Pat. 11 Ed. II. 33, 126. The lands of Achbiller ( Aghavillar) in the barony of Overk and county of Kilkenny, now forfeited by Ker- merdin, who held under Edmund Butler, lord of that barony, were conferred by Richard II. on James Earl of Ormond consanguineo suo. Rot. in Tur. Lond. 3 R. II.
i Gualterus Albus — Forfeited under the name Walter le Blound — Rot. Pat. 1 1 Ed. II. 119.
111 Hugo Trepiton — Hugo de Tripeton — Pemb. Sir Hugh Trippetton — Holinshed. Probably Sir Hugh de Turpelton to whom were granted the manor of Martry, in Meath, with the other possessions of Walter de Saye, who forfeited by joining Robert and Edward
Bruce Rot. Pat. 1 1 Ed. II., 2d part 5. Sir
Hugh de Turpleton was killed in defence of Roger Mortimer at the Castle of Nottingham, when he was seized by Edward III — Rymer,
vol. ii. p. 810. Davis has turned this name into Stapleton (Discov., p. 65), and Marie- burgh into Tripton.
n Primas Armachanus. — Roland Jorse, Pri- mate from 131 1 to 1321. From the omission of the primate's name, some writers have thought that Walter de la Pole, whose name immediately follows, was then primate. Ware suspected that there was a mistake, but did not know its origin. — Harris Ware's Bps.,p. 81.
0 Gualterus de Larpulles Walterus de
Larpulk Pemb. Sir Walter de la Pulle. —
Holinshed. — Walter de la Pulle was Eschea- tor of Ireland in 1325 (Rot. Cl. 18 Ed. II. 27) and was succeeded by Herbert de Sutton in 1334 — Rot. Cl. 8 Ed. III. 139. So few of the great Irish nobles were at this battle, that it was said to have been gained " per manus communis populi."
p Prelium — The numbers who fought and fell in this battle are variously stated. Mar- leburgh says, that the forces of the English amounted to 1324 men, and that 8274 Scots were slain. Walsingham, who says that Ed- ward Bruce was taken and beheaded at Dun-
95
three brothers, "Walter and Hugh Lacy, John Kermerdyn [?], Walter "White, with three thousand soldiers ; the captain of the English was John Birmingham, then Richard Tuite, Milo Verdon, Hugh Turpilton, Herbert Sutton, John Cusack, William and Walter Birmingham, the Primate of Armagh, who gave them all ab- solution, Walter de la Pole [?], John Maupas, with about twenty men of Drogheda well armed. The battle was fought between Dundalk and Faghird ; the Scots were defeated, and Edward Bruce is killed by John Maupas, and all his nobles were killed, except Philip Mowbray, who however received a mortal wound, Hugh de Lacy, Walter de Lacy, and a few others, the rest of the Scots to the number of two thousand were slain ; the body of John Maupas was found over the dead body of Bruce. Sir John Birmingham brought Bruce's head to the king, and received as a reward the earldom of Louth and the barony of Ardee. The hands and heart of Bruce are carried to Dublin, his other limbs are sent to different places.
dalk, does not give the number of the forces engaged, but says that there fell of the Scots 29 barons (baronetti) and 5800 men. Bar- bour states that Bruce had not then in that land,
Off all men, I trow, twa Thousand,
Owtane the Kings of Irchery,
That in gret routs raid hym by.
B. xviii. 7.
He afterwards reckons the number of the Irish at 20,000, but alleges that they took no part in the battle, telling Bruce,
For our maner is off this land
To folow and fycht, and fycht fleand,
And not to stand in plane melle
Quhill the ta part discomfyt be.
B. xviii. 78.
Barbour names Richard off Clar as the Eng- lish captain, and says that he had with him
Off traupit horse tuenty thusand, and that he had 40,000 and more to oppose to Edward Bruce with 2000.
q Walter Lacy.— The words between brack- ets have been supplied from Pembridge. It
is certain that Hugh and Walter Lacy escaped. Hugh was afterwards pardoned.
* Caput Brusii. — Barbour says that Gib Harper wore Edward Bruce's armour, and that his body was consequently mistaken for that of Bruce, and his head salted in " a kest" and sent as a present to King Edward ; Dr. Drummond in his notes to the Bruce appears to credit this account, and says that a pillar in Faughard burying ground marks Bruce's grave. Every peasant, he adds, in the neigh- bourhood can point out the resting-place of King Bruce, as he is universally styled. It would seem, however, strange that the features of Bruce, who had been so long in Ireland, should not have been known ; if they were known, the right head was probably sent to England; if they were not known, we cannot tell whose body may have been buried in Faughard burying ground ; nor is it likely that the victorious English would pav any funeral honours to Bruce, by whose death, in the words of the old record, " per dextram Dei et manus communis populi deliberatur popu-
96
1319. Rogerus Mortimer rediens fit Justiciarius. Venerunt bullae ad excomu- nicandum Robertum Brusium. Oppidum Archisell8 cum agro vastatur a Johanne Fitz Thomse, Germane Mauritii Fitz Thomas. Johannes Brimingham factus comes Louth. Pons de Kilkollin conditur a Magistro Mauritio Jack, canonico Kildariae.
1320. Universitas* incipit Dublinii. Primus magister Gulielmus Har-
dius,
lus Dei a servitute machinata et praecogitata." — Lib. Rub. in Scacc. quoted by Davis, Dis- covery, p. 65, and by Cox.
" Archisell — Athassel on the Suir, in Co. Tipperary, one of the lordships of the De Burghs.
1 Universitas — This was the great era of literary foundations. Five colleges were founded at Oxford between 1250 and 1350. It was the era of Dante and Petrarch and Occam ; and Archbishop Bykenor, who, as an high ecclesiastic and as a statesman, was brought into connexion with the first men of his age, was naturally anxious to give to his adopted country some share in that literature which was then spreading over Europe.
The Church of St. Patrick's was collegiate from its foundation, and its founder, Arch- bishop Comyn, intended that it should be a model for the instruction of the clergy of Ire- land. The words of the preamble to his
foundation charter are, " Johannes cum
studia literarum per orbem latum floreant, et earum Professores multiplices tarn in Divino quam Humano jure, preter Hiberniam, habean- tur in regnis singulis, minus erudite simplici- tati gentis Hibernie providere cupientes, De- crevimus, Auctore Deo, de assensu et consen- su Sancte Romane sedis, et principis nostri Johannis comitis Moreton, ecclesiam Sancti Patricii Dublin instituere prsebendariam et in ea probate vite et litterature Collegium
facere Clericorum, qui pro honeste conversa- tionis forma ceteris sint in exemplum vivendi, et pro litteratura sint simplicioribus erudi- tioni." Charta Johannis Archiepiscopi super fundatione, in Mason's Hist, of St. Patrick's, Appendix, No. 1.
In 1310, Clement the Fifth, on the petition of Archbishop John de Leeke, stating that although there were in Ireland some doctors, or at least bachelors of theology, who gave lec- tures, yet in that CQuntry and in the parts of Scotland, Man, and Norway, which were near it, there was no university or general place of study (generale studium), on which account few men of learning were to be found there, ordained, that if the suffragans of the Arch- bishop gave their consent, there should be in the city of Dublin a university, " et in qualibet scientia et facultate licita de cetero Studium generale," with power of reading lectures and of conferring doctors' degrees. — Bulla Uni- versitatis Dublin, ut supra, No. vii.
Leeke died in 1313, and left the honour of opening the University of Dublin to his suc- cessor Bykenor, whose "ordinatio pro Uni versitate Dubliniensi" is given in the same num- ber of the appendix, and is translated in Harris' Ware's Antiq., pp. 243, 244. In this ordi- nance the archbishop reserved to himself and his successors the right of appointing as lec- turer on the Scriptures any regent in theo- logy, whether secular, or regular of any order
97
1319- Roger Mortimer returns and is made Justiciary. Bulls came to ex- communicate Robert Bruce. The town of Athassel with the adjoining country is plundered by John Fitz Thomas, brother of Maurice Fitz Thomas. John Birmingham is made Earl of Louth. The bridge of Kilcullen built by Master Maurice Jack, Canon of Kildare.
1320. A University begins at Dublin. The first master was William Hardy,
who
(de quacunque religione, strangely translated, of whatsoever religion), although the schools of the Friars Preachers and Friars Minor were considered canonical.
In 1358 the clerks and scholars of Ireland petitioned Edward III. for protection, de- claring that they could no longer go to foreign parts for learning, on account of their poverty and of the dangers of the sea, and thattheypro- posed, " legere et audire" in the city of Dub- lin, theology, civil law, the sacred canons and the other clerical sciences. The king granted the petition, and took under his protection all masters, scholars, and clerks, and their ser- vants, from whatever parts coining to said city for such purpose and staying there, " quia ubi hujusmodi Studium tenetur, sacra praedi- catur scriptura, et auditores inde a viciis se retrahentes, moribus sanctis atque virtutibus facilius inherent, paxque Regis in dicta terra eomelius confovetur." — Rot. Pat. 82 Ed. III. 28.
It appears, however, from various licenses for absence, to avoid the penalties against ab- sentees, granted to beneficed clergymen in the reign of Richard II. and the subsequent kings, and printed in the Calendar (Rot. Pat. et CL), that the English universities, and more parti- cularly Oxford, were much resorted to by Irish scholars. (In 1375, two Franciscans of Ennis were sent by the Chapter to study at Stras- burgh Rot. Pat. 49 Ed. III. 273). It is to
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3.
o
be feared, that some of the Irish students were not wholly engaged in literary pursuits. In the English parliament of the 1st of Henry VI. the Commons petitioned the king, that in con- sequence of murders, manslaughters, rapes, robberies, and riots, committed by Irishmen coming to Oxford and Cambridge, all Irish- men, except graduates and men beneficed in England, or married to English women, should be banished from the universities ; and if they staid there, should be imprisaned and treated as rebels.
In Mason's St. Patrick's, p. 124, it is stated that in 1364 Lionel D. of Clarence granted to the Dean and Chapter of St. Patrick's an acre of land at Stachallane (Stackallen), and the advowson of the church, to pay 10 marks per annum to a person of the Order of St. Augustine, to preach a Divinity lecture in the robing-room of this cathedral ; the grant was soon changed, and (at last) resumed. — Rot. Pat. 30 Ed. III. 1., Rot. Pat. 10 H. IV. 91.
Archbishop Bykenore's University dwindled away for want of funds. Some vestiges of it remained in the reign of Henry VII., for in a Provincial Synod held in Christ Church before Archbishop Walter Fitz Simons, in 1496, certain annual pensions, amounting al- together to £26 13s. 4d., were granted for seven years to the lecturers of the university by the archbishops and his suffragans and clergy of the province of Dublin. — Harris
diusu, qui incepit in Theologia; 2dus frater Henricus Cogriv; 3"* Gulielmus Roddiardw, decanus S. Patricii Dublinise, primus cancellarius universitatis ; 4US Edmundus dc Kermerdinx. Rediit in Angliam Mortimer Justic. relicto vicario comite Kildarie. Edmundus Butler in Angliam, inde ad divum Jacobum?. Pons Leghlinias construitur a magistro Mauritio Jack, canonico Kildarise.
1321. O Conghurs2 receperunt magnam stragem apud Balibogan, 9° Maii, a Lageniis et Midiis. Obitus Edmundi Butler1 Londini. Jo. Brimingham comes Louth fit Justb. Obiit Johannes Woganc.
1322. Andreas Brimingham et Nicholaus de la Lamidd cum multis aliis inter- ficiuntur ab O Nolan die S. Michaelis.
1323. Inducias6 inter Scotum et Anglum 14 annorum. Johannes Darcy Justic. Obiit Jo. primogenitus comitis Kildariae, 9. annorum.
1324-
Ware's Antiq., p. 245. It never was dis- franchised, "but onely through variety of time discontinued, and now, since the subver- sion of monasteries, utterly extinct, wherein the divines were cherished and open exercise maintained. A motion was made in this last parliament to erect it againe, contributions layde together, Sir Henry Sidney, then Lord Deputy, proffered £20, lands, and £100 in money, others followed after their abilities and devotions. The name devised Master Ac- worth, Plantolium, of Plantagenet and Bul- lyne (Boleyn), but while they disputed of a convenient place for it, and of other circum- stances, they let fall the principall." — Cam- pion, p. 125.
"Hardius Willielmus de Hardite, ordinis
Prsedicatorum — Pemb.
v Cogri Henricus Cogry, ordinis Mino-
rum Pemb. In 1326 Friar Henry Cogery
of the Friars Minor, had an order for 40s. for his expenses in going to Scotland on the king's business Rot. Cl. 20 Ed. II. 77.
w Gulielmus Roddiard. — Willielmus de Rodyard . . . qui in jure canonico solemniter
incepit — Pemb.
* Edmundus de Kermerdin. — Was also a Dominican or Friar Preacher. — Mason's Hist, of St. Patrick's, p. 101.
y Divum Jacobum. — Sanctum Jacobum. — Pemb. St. James of Compostella or Santiago, a favourite object of pilgrimage at this time. The wife of Bath had not omitted to visit it. — thries hadde she ben at Jerusaleme, She hadde passed many a strange streme, At Rome she hadde ben, and at Boloine, In Galice at Seint James, and at Coloine. Prol. Cant. Tales, 1. 465.
* O Conghurs—O' Conor Offaly. Ballybo- gan in Meath, three miles from Clonard.
a Edmundi Butler. — He was buried at Gow- ran. — Pemb.
b Fit Just — Cox gives his patent from a Roll in Tur. Lond. in these words, " Rex concessit Johanni Comiti Louth, officium Jus- ticiarii Regis Hibern. cum castris et aliis per- tinentiis durante beneplacito percipiendum per annum ad Scaccarium Regis Dublin. 500 marcas, pro quibus officium illud et ter- ram custodiet et erit ipse unus de viginti
99
who commenced Doctor of Divinity ; the second, Friar Henry Cogry ; the third, William Rodiard, Dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, who was the first Chancellor of the University ; the fourth, Edmund de Kermerdin. Mortimer, the Justiciary, returned to England, leaving in his place the Earl of Kildare. Edmund Butler goes to England, and from thence to St. James of Compostella. The bridge of Leighlin is built by Master Maurice Jack, Canon of Kildare.
1321. The O'Conors sustain a great defeat at Balybogan on the pthof May, from the men of Leinster and Meath. Death of Edmund Butler at London. John Birmingham, Earl of Louth, is made Justiciary. John Wogan died.
1322. Andrew Birmingham and Nicholas de la Launde, with many others, are killed by O'Nolan on the day of St. Michael (September 29).
1323. Truce for fourteen years between the Scots and the English. John D'Arcy, Justiciary. John, the eldest son of the Earl of Kildare, died, aged 9 years.
hominibus ad arma cum tot equis coopertis continue durante custodio supra dicto.
c Johannes Wogan — In 1319 Thomas Fitz John Earl of Kildare, John de Birmyngham Earl of Louethe, Arnald le Poer, and John Wogan were appointed commissioners to in- quire into all treason committed in Ireland du- ring Bruce's invasion. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 396.
* De la Lamid. — De la Lond. — Pemb. De London — Cox. De la Launde occurs com- monly in Calendar. Rot. Pat. & Cl. At this year Marl burgh records the deaths of the Lord Richard Birmingham, Lord of Athenry, and of the Lord Thomas Persivall. The country of O'Nolan was the barony of Forth, in the county of Carlow.
e Tnducice. — In December, 1322. The Irish nobles had been summoned to meet the king at Carlisle on the 1st June, 1323. The lords summoned were, Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, Thomas Fitz John, Earl of Kildare, William de Burgh, John de Barry, John le
o
Power, Baron of Dungoill, Arnald le Power, John de Verdoun, Walter de Cusak, Maurice de Rocheford, Simon de Geneville, Richard le Waleys. On the 1st of June of this year all these lords, except Arnald Power, had notice that their services would not be re- quired in consequence of the truce. It is to be observed that the king only required the services of these Irish lords, ad vadia — Ry- mer, vol. ii. pp. 501, 523. Cox, from a re- cord in the Tower, says, that the Lord Justice was to bring to the king three hundred men at arms, and a thousand hoblers, and six thousand footmen armed with a keton (haque- ton, a quilted jacket without sleeves), a sallet (a head piece), and gloves of mayl, besides three hundred men at arms whom the Earl of Ulster had undertaken to conduct. For a de- scription of the arms of the Irish, see a Memoir on the Armour and Weapons of the Irish, by Joseph Cooper Walker, printed with his Me- moirs of the Irish Bards. Dublin, 1786. 2
IOO
1324. Obiit Nicholaus Genevilef, heres Simonis Gcn[evile]. Morinag bourn et vaccarum.
1325. Ricardus Lederedh, episcopus Ossoriensis, citavit Aliciam Ketil1, ut se purgaret de heretica pravitate ; quae magias convicta est, nam certo compro- batum est, quendam demonem incubum (nomine Robin Artisson) concubuisse cum ea, cui ipsa obtulerat novem gallos rubeosJ, apud quendem pontem lapideum in quadravia ; item inter sacra agenda inter completorium et ignitegium, ipsa scopis purgaret Kilkeniae plateos sordes detulitque vertento ad domum Gulielmi Utlawek filii sui, ubi conjurando dixit, " tota felicitas1 Kilkenias veniat in domum hanc." Hujus impietatis participes invente sunt plures alias, ut Betronillam de Midia, cum filia Basilia. Episcopus earn mulctavit pecunia, coegitque dejurare sortilegia; postea vero, ejusdem criminis iterum convicta, cum Basilia fugit™, nee usque exinde unquam apparuit. Petronilla Kilkeniae comburitur, quae cum jam moritura esset, affirmavit predictum Gulielmum eque mereri mortem atque se, quod per annum integrum et diem, gesset nudo corpore zonam diaboli. Unde statim episcopi jussu captus est, et carceri inclusus, ubi circa duos menses" deten- tus est ; cui assignati sunt 2 ministri, quibus preceptum0 ut ne alloquerentur, nisi semel quotidie, nee comederent aut biberent cum eo ; tandem favorep Arnoldi Poer senescalli Kilkeniae liberatus est. Dedit autem eidem Arnaldo magnam sumam pecuniaa, ut is episcopum in carcerem conjiceret, quod et effectum est, detentusque episcopus ad 3 menses. Inter res Aliciae inventa est liostia, in qua nomen diaboli inscriptum erat, preterea pixis quasdam in qua unguentum, quo
ungere
f Genevile — He was buried apud praedica- Kiteler was sheriff of the liberty of Kilkenny
tores de Trym Pemb. Who adds, that in 1302 — Rot. Pat. 31 Ed. I. 3.
there was a great storm on the night of the J Gallos rubeos. — Campion adds, and nine
Epiphany (Jan. 6). peacockes eyes.
( Marina. — Walsingham does not notice any k Gulielmi Utlawe. — William Utlawe, or
disease amongst the cattle in England in this Outlawe, of Kilkenny, was a man of very great
year, but says that 1325 and 1326 were so wealth. In 1302 the large sum of £3000 was
hot that rivers were dried up, and that many found buried in his house, which he alleged
wild and tame animals died of thirst. was the property of Adam le Blund of Callan,
h Ricardus Lettered — A Franciscan friar of with whom he seems to have been connected.
London, Bishop of Ossory from 1 318 to 1 360. He seems to have been a clothier ; at least, in
— Harris' Ware's Bps., p. 408. 1311 Sir William de Caunteton gave him an
' Ketil — Ketyll. — Pembridge. William le acknowledgment for £1. 4s. \0d. for cloth
101
1324. Died Nicholas Geneville, heir of Simon Geneville. A murrain amongst oxen and the cows.
1325. Richard Ledred, Bishop of Ossory, cited Alice Ketil to clear herself of heresy ; she was convicted of magic, for it was surely proved that a certain demon incubus (named Robin Artisson) had lain with her, to whom she had offered nine red cocks, at a certain stone bridge at the cross roads ; and also at prayer time between compline and curfew, she swept the streets of Kilkenny with brooms, and, as she swept, brought the dirt to the house of William Outlaw, her son, where she said, in conjurations, " may all the luck of Kilkenny come to this house." Many other women are found to have been partakers of this impiety, as Petronilla of Meath, with her daughter Basilia. The bishop imposed a fine upon her, and compelled her to forswear witchcraft ; but afterwards, being again convicted of the same crime, she fled with Basilia, nor did she ever appear again after that time. Petronilla of Meath is burned at Kilkenny, and as she was dying she declared that the before-named William deserved death as much as she did, for that for a year and a day he had carried round his naked body the devil's girdle. Upon this, he was immediately taken by the order of the bishop, and shut up in prison, where he was detained about two months ; there were assigned to him two servants, who had orders to speak to him only once a day, and not to eat or drink with him ; at last he was set at liberty by the interest of Arnold Power, Seneschall of Kilkenny. But to the same Arnold he gave a large sum of money to throw the bishop into prison, which was done, and the bishop was kept there three months. Amongst the goods of Alice was found a Host, on which the name of the Devil was inscribed, besides a pix and an ointment therein
with
bought from him at Kilkenny — Rot. Pat. 31 the first person that ever was known to suffer
Ed. I. 3, Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 226, 3 & 4 Ed. II. for that crime in Ireland — Harris' Ware's
64, 65. Bps., p. 408.
Tola felidtas — Campion has turned these " Duos menses. — Per octo septimanas et
words into verse, (aut?) novem in castro Kilkenny — Pemb.
To the house of William, my sonne, ° Quibus preceptum. — Decreto Episcopi. —
Hye all the wealth of Kilkenny towne. Pemb.
m Fu%it — John Clynn, who was a fryar at p Faoore — On the 25th of January, 1325,
that time in Kilkenny, places these events in Roger Outlawe, Prior of St. John of Jerusa-
1324, and says that the Lady Alice suffered lem, Sir William de Druhull, Sir Roger de
death for heresy, and observes that she was Pembrok, Fulco de Fraxineto, John Fitz
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ungere solebat trabem quandam, id est coultree, qua peruncta Alicia cum suis, illi inequitans fercbatur quocumque voluit per mundum, sine lesione aut Jmpedi- mento. Quia igitur res tarn stupenda fuit, citata est Petronille Alicise Dublinium'' ; quas cum petisset ut dies constitueretur quo se purgaret, dicto crastino, interim a suis absconditur, ventoque favente in Angliarn defertur. Gulielmus Outlawe interum carceri inclusus, et tandem magnatum precibus liberatus, ea tamen lege ut templumr Kilkeniae plumbo cooperiret, quedam in pauperes erogaret.
1326. Ad pentecosten parliamentum8 apud Kilkenniam ad quod venitRicar- dus Ultoniae tametsi infirmus, ubi magno convivio magnates excepit, et paulo post obiit* apud Athesill, cui successit Gulielmus de Burgo.
1327. Oritur contentiou inter Mauri tium fitz Thomse et Arnoldum Poer,
adlierebant
Richard Lercedekne, Henry deValle, Richard de Rupeforti, Tankard Lercedekne, Wal- ter de Rupeforti, Henry de Druhull and John de Pembrok, passed a bond for £1000 ster- ling to Richard Bishop of Ossory. This
bond was paid Rot. Cl. 18 Ed. II. 50, 51.
Was this bail bond for William Outlawe, or for Arnold Power?
q Dublinium — Pembridge says, " Coram Domino Decano Ecclesise Sancti Patricii ad majorem favorem habendum." William Rod- yard, Chancellor of the University of Dublin, was then Dean of St. Patrick's, he was Doc- tor of the Canon Law, and was probably Com- missary of the Archbishop, to whom Alice Ketil may have appealed.
In the preceding year Archbishop Bykenor had been sent as ambassador into France ( Walsingham), and as commissioner with full powers into Aquitaine. He was now in dis- grace with the king, who wrote to the Pope to request his removal from the archbishoprick, charging him with treasonably surrendering the Castle of Reoulle in Aquitaine, with having celebrated Mass when he was excommunicated, with having furnished no account of the money
which came into his hands when he was Jus- ticiary of Ireland, and with having given the lie to Hugh le Despenser, and said that he would fight him, if it were not for his dignity and his order. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 600. The Archbishop was with Queen Isabella at the taking of Bristol — Ibid. p. 646.
T Templum. — Ecclesiam Beata? Marise Kil- kenniae. — Pemb.
s Parliamentum. — The only record of this parliament is the following entry, " Rex, re- citat quod communitas tocius comitatus Tip- pararensis nuper in Parliamento apud Kil- kenny concessit pro felcnibus et rebellibus in partibus illis expugnandis quoddam auxilium, quod certis racionibus Rex concessit Johanni de Bermynghain comiti Louth, assignat vice- comitem dicti comitatus, Galfridum de Pren- dregast, et Johannem de Loundres ad assiden- dum homines comitatus praedicti, &c. Kilkenny, 15 Julii Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. II. 22.
1 Obiit — On the 5th of August writs issued to Matthew de Bathe, Master Walter Wyot and Hugh de Clynton, ordering them on their allegiance to detain until further orders all money, jewels, vessels of silver, and all other
io3
with which she used to besmear a beam, that is, a coulter, and when it was so besmeared, Alice, with her comrades, mounting upon it, as on a horse, was carried whithersoever she wished through the world, without hurt or hindrance. And because the thing was so stupendous, Alice, on the evidence of Petronilla, was again cited to Dublin ; and when she had petitioned that a day should be appointed for clearing herself, and the next day was fixed on, meanwhile she is concealed by her friends, and the wind being fair, she sails to England. William Outlaw is again shut up in prison ; at length he was set at liberty, at the entrea- ties of the lords, but on condition that he should cover a church at Kilkenny with lead, and give something to the poor.
1326. At Whitsuntide, a parliament was held at Kilkenny; Richard Earloi' Ulster went to it, although he was ill, and entertained the lords there at a great feast ; he died shortly after at Athassell, and was succeeded by William de Burgh.
1327. A quarrel arises between Maurice Fitz Thomas and Arnold Power,
Lord
goods and chattels in their hands, belonging to the late Richard Earl of Ulster, who died in the king's debt. — Rot. Cl. 20 Ed. II. 15. And on the 14th of August, Henry Thrapes- ton had an order for 100 marks for the pay- ment of men at arms and hobellars, who were to go with JohnD'Arcy, Justiciary, and Roger Outlawe, Prior of St. John's of Jerusalem, Chancellor of Ireland, who were to proceed to Ulster to take into the king's hands the castles and lands of Richard Earl of Ulster deceased, to make extents thereof, to establish peace "in terris guerrinis," to take hostages for keeping the peace both from English and Irish, and to appoint sheriffs and other offi- cers.— Ibid. 47.
At this time sheriffs were appointed for the counties of Down and Newtown, of the county of Koulrath (Coleraine) and of the county of Carrickferg us and Antrim. — Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. II. 7, 8, 9.
The earl had also castles in Connaught,
Limerick, Tipperary, and Kildare (Cl. 20 Ed. II.) He was also Lord of Ratoath.
u Contentio.—On the 28th of June, 1325, writs were issued to Arnald le Poer and to Maurice Fitz John, ordering them to desist from levying men at arms and foot soldiers
for the purpose of attacking each other
Rot. Cl. 18 Ed. II. 99, 100. July 14, 1326, Maurice Fitz Thomas and John Fitz Peter le Poer had permission until St. Andrew's Day (December 1) to treat with the felons of their separate families, surnames and follovvings; and the sheriffs of Cork, Waterford, Lime- rick and Tipperary, were ordered not to arrest said felons — Pat. 20 Ed. 11.20, 21. Arnold Power was probably in England.
On the 12th of December the king com- mands the sheriffs of Cork, Limerick, Tip- perary, and Waterford, to make proclamation that no one should join the English and Irish nobles who had sworn and confederated to- gether for the purpose of attacking the king's
104
adherebant Mauritio dominus Butler, Gulielmus Brimingliam, Arnoldov vero les Burkeines, quorum plures interfecit Mauritius, et alios fugavit in Connacia. Post Michaelem vero quod Arnoldus venit in subsidium Burkeines, et Mauri- tium in comitiis vocaverat Rimour3ew. Mauritius cum Butler et Brimingliam (collecto exercitu) depopulatur regionem Arnold! in Ofathx; itidem ejusdem possessiones in Momonia, Ossoriay, et Kenles Brimingliam combussit, adeo ut Arnoldus cum Barone de Domill coactus sit Waterfordiam confugere; ubi mansit donee Justic.2 et alii diem huic rei finiendse dixerunt, quern minime servavit Arnoldus, qui in Dublinium profectus, in Angliam navigavit; quo absente hostesa omnia sua depredati sunt, et vastarunt, eoque venerent, ut cum exercitu ut civitates ab illis timentes se muniebant ; quibus rebus intellects illi regiis magistratibus significabant, se Kilken. ventures ad se purgandum, nihil se contra regem aut regias possessiones tantavisse. Ad parliamentum venerunt Conel Kildarise Justic. Rogerus Outlawe, Cancellarius Hibernian, Prior de Kil-
mainam,
subjects; and Maurice Fitz Thomas, John de Bermyngham, Earl of Loueth, John Fitz David de Barry, Arnald le Poer, and William de Bermyngham were ordered not to consent to such confederacy, or to aid them in any way.- Cl. 20 Ed. II. 60, 61.
v Arnoldo. — Arnold Poer, Maurice Fitz Thomas, James le Butiller, and William Ber- mingeham, were amongst the Irish nobles to whom, on the 13th of February, Edward III. sent letters announcing his accession and the appointment of Thomas Fitz John, Earl of Kildare, as his Justiciary of Ireland — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 688. It appears from Walsingham that Edward II. had at one time an intention of taking refuge in this country. Although the reign of Edward III. is reckoned in Eng- land from January 25th, the rolls in Ireland seem to have been carried on in the name of
Edward II. to May, 1327 Calend. Rot. Pat.
Cl. 20 Ed. II. Maurice Fitz Thomas, the Earl of Louth, James le Botiller, Maurice
de Rocheford, and John Power, Baron of Donoil, refused to acknowledge the Earl of Kildare, as Justiciary, up to July 16, on which day Edward III. sent them letters depreca- tory.— Rymer, vol. ii. p. 710. They proba- bly held out until the 21st of September, when the murder of Edward II. made Edward III. their rightful king.
w Rimoura — Rymours were included in the list of the Irish Mimi, whom in 1435 William Lawles, Marshall of the Liege English Mimi of Ireland, was authorized to arrest, on pre- tence that they acted as guides to the Irish enemy. Were they better actors and more popular than the English ? Lawles' commis- sion is thus given : '• Rex, Wiilielmum Lawles Marescallum Ligeorum mimorum Hiberniae recitat quod Hibernici mimi, ut Clarsaghours (harpers), tympanours (drummers), crow- thores (fiddlers?) kerraghers (gamblers), ry- mours, skelaghes (story tellers), bardes etalii veniunt inter Anglicos Hibernian exercentes
I05
Lord Butler and William Birmingham take the part of Maurice, but the Burks take Arnold's, Maurice killed many of them, and drove the rest into Con- naught. After Michaelmas, Arnold came to the assistance of the Burkes, and he had at an assembly called Maurice a Rhymer. Maurice with Butler and Bir- mingham (having assembled an army), plunders the country of Arnold in Offa; Birmingham also burned his possessions in Munster, Ossory, and Kells, so that Arnold, with the Baron of Donoil, was forced to fly to Waterford ; he staid there until the Justiciary and others fixed a day for settling these affairs, which day Arnold did not keep, but went to Dublin and sailed to England ; in his absence, his enemies plundered and laid waste every thing belonging to him, and it came to this, that the towns, through dread of them, strengthened themselves with gar- risons; when this was perceived they (Maurice's party} signified to the royal officers that they would come to Kilkenny, for the purpose of clearing them- selves of having attempted anything against the king or his possessions. There came to this parliament the Earl of Kildare, Justiciary, Roger Outlawe, Chan- cellor
minstralcias et artes suos, postmodumque va- dunt ad Hibernicos inimicos et deveniunt in- ductores ipsorum super eosdem ligeos Regis, contra formam statutorum Kilkenniae (40 Ed. III.) assignavit ad dictos Clarsaghours
&c. capiendos." Dub. Ap. 1 Rot. Pat. 13
H. VI. 86.
In the account of John Andowe, Procurator of the Economy of St. Patrick's for the year 1509 (Mason's St. Patrick's, Append. No. xvii.) are charged iii.s. id. for Thomas Mayowe ludenti cum vii luminibus at Christmas and Candlemas, and iv#. \\\d. for the Players cum Angelo magno et parvo ac dracone at Whit- suntide. See also Walker's Hist. Essay on the Irish Stage, Transactions R. I. A., vol. ii.
* Ofath — Perhaps the baronies of Iffaand Offa in Tipperary. The Cantred of Offath was in Waterford — Rot. Pat. 32 Ed. III. 15. Geoffry Fitz Robert, Seneschal of Lein- ster, granted to the Priory of Kells in Ossory,
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. P
the ecclesiastical dues of his lands in Offathi and the chapel of his Castle of Kells — Mon. Hib. p. 361.
y Ossoria — Et Kenlys in Osseria — Pemb. The Birminghams seem to have had some old claim upon Kells in Ossory. The wife of Geoffry Fitz Robert, the founder of the Priory of St. Reran or B. M. V. of Kells, and the ori- ginal grantee of Earl Richard, was Evade Ber- mingham, and in 1252 William de Berming- ham burned the town Mon. Hib. p. 362.
z Justic — Comes Kildariae tune Justici- arius, Pemb., who says that Arnold sailed for England about Candlemas.
a Hastes. — There is something wrong in this sentence, the facts are thus given in Pern- bridge, " et postquam Arnaldus transfreta- uerat, dictus Mauricius et le Botiller et do- minus Willielmus Bermingham cum magno exercitu venerunt, depraedaverunt, combus- serunt terras dicti Arnaldi, et propter mag-
io6
mainam, Nicolaus Fastoll, Justic. in Banco, et alii : illi petiverunt chartam regis de paceb, consiliarii diem dixerunt post pascham, se acturos cum reliquis ea de re. Lagenienses sibi regem fecerunt Donald Mac Muroghc, qui totam Hiber- niam pervagari constituerat, et subjugare ; hie Dei vindicta captus est ab Henrico Traharn, qui primum eum duxit ad Saltum Salmonum, ubi accepit in ejus re- demptionemd i oo libras, dein ad castrum Dubliniai eum duxit, ubi positus donee deliberari possit de eo. Interim Johannes Wellesley6 cepit Davidem Othotill, multosque suorum occidit. Adam Douff, filius Gualtcri DufF, Lagenius cog- natus Otothilis, hereticse pravitatisf convictus est, quod negaverat incarnationem Christi, affirmavitque non posse tres personas et unum deum, asseruit Mariam matrem domini esse meritricem, negavit mortuorum resurrectionem ; asseruitque sacras scripturas fabulas esse, et sacro sancta? apostolicas sedis falsitatemg, qua
propter
num exercitum quern duxerant et plura mala quae fecerant> ministri Regis de ejus consilio timuerunt quod obsiderent civitates, unde ci- vitates fecerunt plures providentias et vigilias medio tempore."
b Chartam regis de pace The following
curious lines of this date quoted by Sir J. Davis (Discovery, p. 139) show that, in the opinion of the writer, these charters of peace were given too profusely :
"By graunting charters of peas,
To false English withouten les, This land shall be mich undoo —
But Gossipred and alterage,
And leesing of our language,
Have mickely hold there too." These pardons were sometimes sufficiently comprehensive. In 1358 William Fitz John Fitz Maurice had pardon for robbing Wil- liam .... of a heifer worth 5s. ; Richard Englond of a pig worth 20e?. ; Scolastica .... of two sheep worth 20d.} and two falings (cloaks) worth 12rf., and the tenants of the Earl of .... forty cows worth 20 marks, and other goods worth 20s., and Raynyld
More O'Moldegan of forty cows worth 10 marks, &c — Rot. Pat. 32 Ed. III. 9.
c Donald Mac Murogh — Donaldum filium Arte Mac Murgh — Pemb. Fitzarke Mac- morch in Holinshed, who agrees with Marl- burgh in saying that he and Sir Henry Traherne were taken prisoners. On July 20, 1322, Henry Traharn had an order for ,£40 for the capture of Donenald M'Murghuth M'Ueth, and for his expenses in defeating the sept of the M'Murghuthes in the marches of Leinster — Rot. Cl. 18 Ed. II. 5. 'Was the same Donald taken twice by the same Henry Traharn? When he was made king he re- solved to place his standard within two miles of Dublin, and then to go through the whole lands of Ireland — Pemb. Cox says that Sir Henry Traherne and Walter de Valle, who took him prisoner, had £100 reward for their pains.
d Redemptionem De raunsoma — Pemb.
This means that the Crown bought the pri- soner, instead of allowing the captor to make his bargain for him with his friends.
e Johannes Wellesley. — In 1334, Sir John
107
cellor of Ireland, the Prior of Kilmainham, Nicholas Fastolf, Justice in the King's Bench, and others : Maurice's party requested the king's charter of peace, the councillors appointed a day after Easter when they should treat about this matter with the rest of the council. The men of Leinster made a King for themselves, to wit, Donald M'Morough, who had resolved to go through all Ireland and subdue it ; he by the vengeance of God was taken prisoner by Henry Traharn, who first brought him to Leixlip, where he received a hundred pounds for his ransom, and then brought him to the Castle of Dublin, where he was placed until his case should be decided. In the meanwhile John Wellesley took David O'Toole and slew many of his men. Adam Duff, son of Walter Duff a Leinster man, of the sept of the O'Tooles, was convicted of heresy, for he had denied the incarnation of Christ, and the Trinity, and the chastity of the Blessed Virgin, and the Resurrection of the dead ; and asserted, that the Holy Scriptures were fables, and that the holy apostolical See was false ; wherefore by a decree of a
civil
de Wellesleye had an order for £24 for his services, labour, and expenses in keeping Dun- lovan (Dunlavan, Co. Wicklow) against the
O'Tooles Rot. Cl. 8 Ed. III. 47.
( Heret icas pravitatis. — In 1226, Henry III. issued a writ to the Justiciary, ordering that persons continuing excommunicated for forty days, should be taken in Ireland by a capias excommunicatum, upon the certificate of the bishop or archbishop, as was the custom in England. — Rot. Cl. 11 Hen. III. in Tur. Lond. The goods of convicted heretics were forfeited to the king. By appeal, however, to the Pope both these penalties were avoided. Thus in 1344, William Lyn, late Vicar of Any, in the diocese of Emly, and David Browery, who had been convicted super he- retica pravitate by William Bishop of Emly, and whose goods, to the value of £28. 0*. 1 \d., had been seized by the sheriff of Limerick, had an order for their restitution on giving security to prosecute an appeal to the Apos-
tolic See — Rot. Cl. 18 Ed. III. 95. And in 1377> Patrick Cathassagh, who had been charged with defamation by John, Abbot of Degty (Bective), in the Court Christian, be- fore the Archdeacon of Meath, and had been excommunicated, complained that he had been arrested and imprisoned by the seneschal of Meath, on notice of his excommunication having been served by the bishop, notwith- standing his appeal to Rome, " cum nullus nisi per breve Regis in hujusmodi casu capi debet," and had an order on the seneschal for his re- lease on his giving sureties. — Rot. Cl. 51 Ed. III. 72.
g Apostolicce sedis falsitatem — For an ex- position of some opinions on this subject, which were preached at this period, and for a defence of the Roman claims, see the judgment passed by John XXII. on Marsilius of Padua and John de Janduno, given by Martene. The saur. Anecdot., vol. ii. p. 641, et sequent., and Rymer, vol. ii. p. 719.
P2
io8
propter per decretum civile11 die Lunae post octa. Pascliae combustus est apud le Hogges1 Dublinias.
1 328. Die martis paschas Thomas fitz Johann. comes Kild. et Just, obiit ; suc- cessit Justitiarius frater Rogerus Outlaw, prior de Kilmainam. Condempnatur David OtothilP, Nicholao Factonk et Elia Ashborin1 Just, in Banco, suspenditur. Mauritius fitz Thomas1" colligit exercitum in le Burkens et les Poer. Gulielmus de Burgo, comes Ultoniae, recipit dignitatem equestrem et dominium suum ad Pentecosten. Jacobus Butler duxit uxorem filiam comitis Herfordia3n, et creatur comes Ormonias0, qui prius vocabatur Tiparp. Comes Ultoniaa Bervicum ad sponsaliai it ; post quae Robertus Brus, predictus comes, comes de Mcnteth et alii magnates Scotiae appulerunt Gregfergus, Justitiaroque et consiliariis legabant, se pace acturos venire inter Hiberniam et Scotiam, atque ad viride castrum obviam
ventures,
11 Per decretum civile. — Per decretum Epis- copi. — Perab. For the form of proceeding in these cases of heresy, see Blackstone, b. iv. c. 4.
' Le Hogges. — Now College-green, near the nunnery of St. Mary de Hogges. Although Pembridge gives this tragedy under the date of 1327, he says that it took place on the Mon- day after the Octaves of Easter (April 11), A. D., MCCCXXVIII.
J David Otothill " David O'Tothill, fortis
latro, inimicus Regis, succensor ecclesiarum, et destructor populi, ductus fuit de castro Dublinise ad Tholoneum civitatis the [Thol- sel] coram Nicholao Fastoll et Elia Ashe- bourne Justitiariis in Banco, qui Justitiarii dederunt ei judicium quod primo traheretur ad caudas equorum per medium civitatis us- que ad furcas, et postea suspenderetur in pa- tibulo, quod et factum est," says Pembridge, who seems to speak with gratified animosity.
* Nicholao Facton — Aug. 14, 1326, Nicho- las Fastolf had an order for £20 as his fee for six months, for holding Pleas Justitiarum Hibernia? sequentia — Rot. Cl. 20 Ed. 11.45.
1 Elia Ashborin Elias Asshebourn had
an order for £10, being his fee for three months as Chief Justice, dated Molynger, Feb. 29, 1343.— Rot. Cl. 17 and 18, Ed. III. 1.
m Mauritius Fitz Thames — June 28, 1328, the king issued writs to John de Bermyngham, Earl of Louth, Arnold Poer, Walter Fitz William de Burgh, Jones le Botiller, Maurice Fitz Thomas and John Fitz Robert Poer, strictly enjoining them under pain of forfei- ture not to assemble men, or to invade any lands, or in any way to break the peace, de- claring that he was ready to do them full and speedy justice through his justiciary and other officers. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 744.
" Comitis Herfordice Elenor, second
daughter of Humphry de Bohun, fourth Earl of Hereford and Essex, by Elizabeth his wife, seventh daughter of Edward 1. — Archdall's Peerage, Mountgarret.
o Comes OrmonicE. — "Post quindenam S. Michaelis tenuit Rex Parliamentum apud Sarum, in quo fecit tres Comites, scilicet D. Johannem de Eltham, fratrem suum, Comi- tem Cornubise, et dominum Rogerum de Mortuo mari Comitem Marchiae et Wallia?, et
109
civil court he was burned on the Monday after the Octaves of Easter at the Hogges in Dublin.
1328. On the Tuesday of Easter week, Thomas Fitz John, Earl of Kildare and Justiciary, died; Friar Roger Outlawe, Prior ofKilmainham, succeeded as Justiciary. David O'Toole being condemned by Nicholas -^Wo/fandElias Ash- bourn, Justices of the Bench, is hanged. Maurice Fitz Thomas collects an army against the Burkes and the Powers. William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, is knighted at Whitsuntide, and has livery of his lordship. James Butler married the daughter of the Earl of Hereford, and is created Earl of Ormonde ; he was previously called Earl of Tipperary. The Earl of Ulster goes to Berwick to the espousals ; after which, Robert Bruce, the aforesaid Earl, the Earl of Men- teith, and other lords of Scotland, landed at Carrickfergus, and sent word to the Justiciary and the Council that they came to make peace between Ireland and Scotland, and that they would meet him at Green Castle ; but when the Justiciary
and
Pincernam Hiberniae Comitem de Ormonde." Walsingham, an. 1328. On 1st March, 1327, Edward III. had directed a writ to the Justi- ciary and Chancellor of Ireland, "qui nunc sunt, vel qui pro tempore erunt vel eorum lo- cum tenentibus," stating that James le Botiller of Ireland had claimed the prisage of wine in Ireland, "unde cognomen suum gerit, et ipse et antecessores sui de tempore, quo non extat memoria, gerebant, viz. de qualibet navi vinis venalibus carcata ad civitates Dublin, Drothda Waterford, Cork et Lymeryk veniente, unum dolium vini ante malum, et unum aliud retro, pro quadraginta solidis mercatoribus, quorum vina illafuerint, solvendis." The king orders this prisage to be restored, if it was taken into his father's hands on the death of Edmund le Botiller, and if not, orders inquiry — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 695.
From the deprecatory letter directed to James le Botiller, and dated July, 1327 (see note v. p. 104), it may be conjectured that James Butler's petition had been addressed to
Edward II., and that Mortimer took advantage of it, it would seem without success, to en- deavour to conciliate the young Irish noble.
p Tipar — The first earldom of this family was that of Karrik. September 1, 1315, Ed- ward II. conferred the castle and manor of Karryk Makgriffyn and the castle and manor of Roskre [Roscrea], with all the knights fees, advowsons of churches, and all other things to the same belonging, on Edmund le Butiller and his heirs for ever, " sub nomine et honore Co- mitis de Karrik." — Lynch's Dignities, p. 178. In 1347, the palatinate of Tipperary was granted to James Butler, second Earl of Or- mond, "pro eo (says Edward III.) quod ipse de sanguine nostro existit;" it was enjoyed by his family until the year 1716. — Archdall's Peer- age, Mountgarret. — Lynch's Dignities, p. 83.
q Sponsalia. — In consequence of the treaty of Northampton, David Prince of Scotland married Johanna, daughter of Edward II., at Berwick, 12th of July, 1328. — Hailes' An- nals, vol. ii. p. 163.
ventures, qui cum venire defeciscent, redierunf in Scotiam. Arnaldus Poer accusatur ab episcopo Ossoriensi8 hereticse pravitatis ; qui accersitus* a consilio, negavit se posse venire ob insidias hostiuni ; capitur igitur et in castro Dubliniae custodies traditur usque ad parliamentum, quod fuit in niedio 40*. Quo tern- pore episcopus accusavit etiam Rogerum Outlaweu prio[rem] de Kilmainam, ut participem et consiliarium ejus in eadem pravitate. Rogerus petiit a consilio purgacionem, qua concessa, proclamatum est per tres dies continues si quis velit prosequi accusationem ut adesset, vero nemo apparuit, Vocatis igitur omnibus Hiberniae magnatibus Dubliniam, constituantur 6 examinatores, magister Guliel- mus Rodiardus, decanus S. Patricii, Abbas S. Thomae, magister Elias Lawles, magister Petrus Willeby, coram quibus purgatus est Rogerus Outlawe. In 4* moritur in castro Arnaldus Poer, diuque sepultura caruitv.
1329. Post anuntiacionem Mariae parliamentumw Dubliniae, ubi pax confir-
mata
r Redierunt — Robert Bruce came to Car- rickfergus for the purpose of arranging terms of peace between Scotland and Ireland ; the Jus- ticiary omitted to meet him at Green Castle, he therefore took leave (accepit licentiam) of the Earl of Ulster, and returned to Scotland after the Assumption (August 15). — Pemb. Lord Hailes does not mention this visit of Robert Bruce to Ireland. Pembridge adds, that the Earl of Ulster went to a parliament in Dub- lin, stayed there six days, where he made a great feast, and then went into Connaught.
* Episcopo Ossoriensi — June 18, 1329, the king complained to the Pope that Richard, Bishop of Ossory, who was bound by his office to promote peace and allay angry and vindic- tive passions, had fomented feuds and dissen- sions amongst the nobles of Ireland, "ac quse- dam alia in nostri prsejudicium attemptare non expavit, quae ad praesens ob certas causas subticemus,"and when inquiry was about to be made into his conduct by the king's officers in Ireland, had privately fled from that country, as if conscious of guilt, and had come to the
king in England, and when summoned to ap- pear before the king and council had secretly sailed away, unmindful of his oath of alle- giance. The king- therefore, learning that the bishop had grievously disturbed the peace of Ireland, and that he proposed to go to the Pope, and under the veil of piety to make some suggestions to his Holiness for the pur- pose of exciting the Irish people, entreats the Pope not to believe his representations against his faithful subjects, or the statements of the condition of Ireland, which the bishop may make, " quasi ex zelo religionis seu fidei ortho- doxse cum profecto ad hoc ejus intentio nulla- tenus dirigatur. " — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 767. Did the bishop intend to charge the government of Ireland with heresy ? In 1339, he was, in his turn, accused of heresy by his metropolitan, Archbishop Bykenor, and was driven to shelter himself under an appeal to the Apostolic See. — Rymer, vol. ii. pp. 810, 1082.
1 Accersitus — The account of these trans- actions given by Pembridge explains them more clearly. He says that the bishop having
Ill
and Council failed to come, they returned into Scotland. Arnold Power is accused by the Bishop of Ossory of heretical pravity ; when he was sent for by the Council he said that he could not come by reason of the lying in wait of his enemies; he is therefore arrested and placed in custody in the Castle of Dublin until the par- liament, which was held at Midlent. At that time, the Bishop also accused Roger Outlawe, Prior of Kilrnainham, as Arnold's counsellor, and as a partaker of the same pravity. Roger asked from the Council an opportunity to clear him- self, which was granted ; and for three successive days proclamation was made, that if any one wished to prosecute the accusation he should appear ; but no one appeared. All the magnates of Ireland being assembled in Dublin, six examiners are appointed, Master William Rodiard, Dean of St. Patrick's, the Abbot of St. Thomas's, the Abbot of St. Mary's, the Prior of the Church of the Holy Trinity, Master Elias Lawles, Master Peter Willeby, in whose presence Roger Outlawe was cleared. In Lent, Arnold Power dies in the Castle, and was long unburied. 1329. After the Annunciation B. M. V. (March 25) there was a parliament
at
certified to the council his conviction of Ar- nold Power of the crime of heresy, the council at his suit issued a writ against Arnold, who was thereupon arrested and brought to Duh- lin, and a day was appointed for the bishop to appear and prosecute, and that the bishop refused to come " quia inimici sui fuerunt in- sidiantes ei in via." Arnold was therefore de- tained in custody to the following parliament. u Rogerum Outlawe — Pembridge gives at great length this attack upon Roger Utlaw, Prior of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusa- lem in Ireland, Lord Justice and Chancellor of Ireland. He says that when no one an- swered the proclamation, calling upon any who wished to come and prosecute, he obtained a royal writ summoning majores Hibernia?, viz., the bishops, abbots, priors, and the four mayors of the the four cities, Dublin, Cork, Lymerick and Waterford and Drogheda, and also the sheriffs and seneschals and knights of the counties, cum melioribus liberis hominibus
comitatus; that six examiners were chosen, Master William Rodyard, D.S.P.D., the Ab- bot of St. Thomas's, the Abbot of St. Mary's, the Prior of the Holy Trinity, Master Elias Lawles and Master Peter Willebey, who ha- ving made all persons cited come forward, and examined every one by himself on his oath, pronounced the prior to be " probum fidelem et zelatorem fidei et paratum mori pro fide — et pro magna purgationis suae solemnitate dictus frater Rogerus tenuit magnum convivium om- nibus qui voluerunt venire. " At this time Wil- liam de Cloncurry was Abbot of St. Thomas, William Payne, Abbot of St. Mary's, and Ro- bert de Gloucester, Prior of the Holy Trinity. — Mon. Hib.
v Caruit -" Jacuit apud Praedicatores sine
sepultura." — Pemb. In 1304 Eustace Power laid the first stone of the Dominicans. — See Grace in anno.
" Parliamentum. — Pembridge says that this parliament was attended by the Earl of Ulster,
112
mata inter comitcm Ultonise et Mauritium filium Thomae. Magnum convivium celebratum in castro, primum a comite Ultonias, dein postridie a Mauritio, in Templox S. Patricii, et dein Rogerus Out! awe apud Kilraainam. In vigilia Bar- tholomaeiy Johannes Brimingham comes de Louthz, occiditur apud Balibragan3 ab Urgalis, et una cum eo Petrus Brimingliam, frater ejus, et Robertusb frater, et Johannes Brimingham, films fratris Ricardi domini de Anri, Gulielmus Finne Brimingham, filius avunculi Gulielmi predicti domini de Anri, Simon Bri- mingham, films ejusdem Willelmi, Thomas Berimingham, filius Roberti de Connatia, Petrus Brimingham, filius Jacobi de Connortia, Henricus Briming- ham de Connatia, et Ricardus Talbott0 de Malaghide vir strenuus et 200 milites c\im ipsis. Qua strage edita, Simon de Geniviled cum suis invasit regionem Carberi in vindictam injuriarum sepe ab illis illatarum Midie et antiqui odii, Carberienses6 autem se opponentes ad 76 eorum trucidarunt. Ad festum Trini- tatis venerunt Dubliniam Johannes et Gulielmus Gononf fratres, ab Urgaliis petentes, ut res acta comuni lege judicaretur; cum vero Gulielmum Briming- ham venire intelligerent, recesseruut. Die S. Laurentii Thomas Butler^ invallens
Ardnorwith
Maurice Fitz Thomas, the Earl of Louth, William Bermingham, and other lords, and that amongst other things it was then agreed upon, (in accordance with the ordinances of Kilkenny of the 2nd of Ed. II. and the resolu- tions of Dublin of the 17 of Ed. II.) "quod qui- lihet magnatum castigaret parentelam suam et homines suos." The peace which was then confirmed between the Earls of Ulster and Desmond was not of long duration ; in June, 1 330, the king warned them not to persist in assembling troops against each other, but to
refer their complaints to him — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 793.
x In Templo In those times it was not
thought improper to use churches for purposes which we should now think of a merely civil nature. They were the scenes of solemn ban- quets, and of parliaments, knighthood was conferred in them, and the debtor was bound to discharge his bond by payment on a certain
tomb.
J Bartholomcei. — " In vigiliis S. Barnabas apostoli." — Pemb. From the subsequent men- tion of Trinity Sunday, it is plain, that this fray occurred not on the 24th of August, but on the 10th of June. Holinshed confirms Pembridge's date by saying that this battle was fought on Whitsun Even, which fell in 1329 on June 10.
z Comes de Louth. — Sir J. Davis from Clynn says, that the men of Louth applied to their new earl the words of Scripture, " nolumus hunc regnare super nos."
a Bulibrugan. — Now Bragganstown, Co. Louth.
b Robertus. — " Frater putativus." — Pemb.
c Eicardus Talbott. — In. 1335, Sir Rery Fitz Rery was indebted to the king £26 2s. Id. for the arrears of rent for the lands of Mo- laghide, which were in the king's hands during the minority of the heir of Richard Talbot of
at Dublin, where peace was confirmed between the Earl of Ulster and Maurice Fitz Thomas. A great feast was held, the first in the castle by the Earl of Ulster, the next day by Maurice in the Church of St. Patrick, and then Roger Outlawe held a feast at Kilmainham. On the Eve of St. Bartholomew (Aug. 23), [read, the feast of St. Barnaby, June n], John Birmingham, Earl of Louth, is slain at Balebragan by the men of Uriel, and with him Peter Birmingham, his brother; and Robert, his brother; and John Birmingham, son of his brother Richard, Lord of Athenry ; William Finne Birmingham, son of William, uncle of the aforesaid Lord of Athenry ; Simon Birmingham, son of the same William ; Thomas Birmingham, son of Robert of Connaught ; Peter Birmingham, son of James of Connaught ; Henry Birmingham of Con- naught, and Richard Talbot of Malaghide, a brave man, and two hundred soldiers with them. Upon this slaughter Simon de Geneville, with his fol- lowers, invaded the country of Carberry, in revenge of the injuries often done by the Birminghams to Meath, and for ancient enmity, but the men of Car- berry opposing them slew up to seventy-six of them. On Trinity Sunday (June 1 8), the brothers, John and William Gernon, came to Dublin, request- ing for the men of Uriel, that what had happened should be tried by com- mon law ; but when they understood that William Birmingham was coming, they went away. On the day of St. Lawrence (August 10), Thomas Butler,
invading
Molaghide, the king granted him £10 of said bability, makes this slaughter of the Meath
arrears for the price of a horse he had lost at men prior to Simon de Geneville's attack on
Arklow, and agreed to take the remainder Carbery.
by instalments of 100*. a year — Rot. Cl. 8 fGonon — May 28th, 1318, Roger Gernon,
Ed. III. 131. for his services at the battle of Dundalk against
d Simon de Genivile A younger son of Edward Bruce, had a grant by letters patent
Geoffry de Geneville and Matilda de Lacy, under the Great Seal of England, to himself
who settled on him Molyneston (Culmullen?) and his heirs, of the castle and manor of Tagho-
and other great estates in Meath — Rot. Cl. brecok, which Hugh de Lacy had forfeited by
2 Ed. II. 413. In 1326, Simon de Geneville joining the Scots. His brother John Gernon,
had an order for £10 for the repairs of the Thomas de Hereford, and Peter le Taner, are
castle of Carmacanestown in the marches of said to have distinguished themselves in the
Carbery which had been besieged, taken, and same battle — Rot. Pat. 13 Ed. II. 91, 92.
burnt by the Felons of said marches. — Rot. g Thomas Butler A younger brother of
Cl. 20 Ed. II. 23. Edmund first Earl ofCarrick; he was per-
e Carberienses — Pembridge, with less pro- sonally interested in Meath, having married
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. Q
Ardnorwitlih cum exercitu a Gulielmo Mac Goghegan1 ibidem interficitur cum Johanne LedewicheJ, Johanne Nangle, Meilero Petit, Simo, Nico Albo, Gulielmo Freins, Petro Kent, Jo Albok et circa 140 militibus. Joannes Darcy1 Justic. qui in uxorem duxit Joliannam de Burgo, comitissam Kildarise, apud Maynoth 3° Julii. Philippus Stanton interficitur. Henricus Traharn per insidias capitur in domo propria apud Kilbcgm a Ricardo filio Phillippi Onalane. D. Jacobus Butler, comes Ormonias, inccndit Foghird" in Onalani regione eadcm de caiisa. Post Assumptionem Maria?, Darcy Justitiarius proficiscitur no vum castrum de Mac Kingham et Wiclo contra Obrinios; ubi quidam de Lawles0 fuerunt interfecti cum aliis vulneratis Hibernis, nonnulli interfecti, reliqui in fugam versi ; Murkud autem Obrine se obsidem dedit, cum avunculo et avunculi filio, qui ducuntur ad castrum Dublin, postea obsidibus iiberati. Ad circumsisionem domini Just.
cum
Sinolda, daughter and heiress of William Petyt, in whose right he possessed the manors of Dunboyne, Moymett, and Mullingar. His widow remarried with William Fitz Gerald. —Rot. Cl. 17 & 18 Ed. III. 5.
h Ardnorwith. — Ardnorcher, or Horseleap, near Kilbeggan, in Westmeath, given by Hugh de Lacy to Meiler Fitz Henry.
Le cantref pus de Hadhnorkur
A Meiler qui ert de grant valur,
Donad Huge de Laci
Al bon Meiler le fitz Hervi.
Conquest of Ireland, 1. 3139. A descriptive account and apian of the earthen works of the Fort of Ardnorcher is given in the Transactions of the R. I. A., vol. ii., An- tiquities, p. 43.
' Mac Goghegan The country of Mac
Geoghegan (now Gahagan) was on the west side of Lough Ennel in the barony of Moy- cashel in Westmeath. In the State of Ire- land, 1515, he is called M' Goghegan de Ky-
valiagh State Pap., vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 5.
j Ledewiche — Dr. Edward Ledwich, with pardonable vanity, gives the following note on
this name : " Luitwick, Luitwich, Lutwyche, Ledwith, Lodewich, and Ledwich, such is the various orthography of this name in ancient writings, was a German family, originally set- tled in the Hundred of Munslow in Shrop- shire. They removed to Cheshire, and came over with De Burgo in 1200, who gave them large possessions in Longford and Westmeath, and created them palatinate barons, as in the text. They intermarried with the De Bur- gos, Nugents, Lacies, &c. From this family the writer of these pages is descended." — Ledwich's Antiq., p. 440. Was it to intro- duce this note in his History of Kilkenny that Ledwich makes Thomas Butler march from Kilkenny to Ardnurcher ? Pembridge, to whom he refers, does not mention Kilkenny. John Ledwich is called Dominus Johannes de Ledewich, and thus, perhaps, arose the belief that he was a palatinate baron ; Dominus, both in Pembridge and Grace, may generally be translated " Sir."
k Jo. Albo — In addition to the names given by Grace, Pembridge mentions Roger and Thomas Ledewiche, David Nangle, Sir John
invading Ardnorcher with an army, is there slain by William Macgeoghegan, with John Ledwich. John Nangle, Meiler Petit, Simon Petit, Nicholas White, William Freigne, Peter Kent, John White, and about one hundred and forty soldiers. John Darcy is appointed Justiciary, he married Joande Burgh, Countess of Kildare, at Maynooth, on the 3rd of July. Philip Staunton is slain. Henry Traharn is taken by stratagem in his own house at Kilbeg, by Richard, son of Philip O'Nolan. Sir James Butler, Earl of Ormonde, burned Forth, the country of O'Nolan, for the same cause. After the Assumption of the Virgin (August 15), Darcy, the Justiciary, advances to Newcastle M'Kenegan, and Wick- low, against the O'Byrnes ; some of the Lawlesses were killed there, and other Irishmen wounded, some were slain, the rest put to flight ; but Murchard O'Byrne surrendered himself as a hostage, with his uncle and his uncle's son ; they are car- ried to Dublin, but were afterwards released for other hostages. At the Circum- cision
Waringer (Waring?) and James Terel, all Meath names of good repute, and adds, that, on the Wednesday (Aug. 23), before St. Bar- tholomew's Day, the body of Thomas Butler, who was killed "ad damnum magnum terrse Hibernise," was brought to Dublin, and lay unburied in the Church of the Friars Preach- ers, until the Sunday after the beheading of St. John (Aug. 29), when it was carried with great honour through the city, and buried at the Friars Preachers, and on that day the wife of the said Thomas held a feast.
1 Joannes Darcy — John Darcy "le Cosyn" was appointed Justiciary, Feb. 19, 1329, on which day Roger Utlagh had orders to give
the government up to him Rymer, vol. ii.
p. 756. A writ was directed to John Darcy, " le Neveu," as Justiciary of Ireland, on Aug.
22, 1328 Rymer, vol. ii. p. 749. Pembridge
says, that John Darcy came into Ireland, as Justiciary for the second time, in 1329.
m Kilbeg A pud Kilbego — Pemb. Per- haps Kilbegs, in barony of Clane, Co. Kil- dare, or rather Killegny, in Wexford, or Kel-
Q
legan, in Wicklow.
" Foghird. — Forth, in the County of Car- low. In the State of Ireland, 1515, O'Nolan is called O'Nolan de Phoghyrde Inolan (Fo- thart ui Nualain) — State Papers, vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 2. Giraldus says, that a castle was built for Reymond (le Gros) at Fortheret O'Nolan in Leinster — Hib. Exp., lib. ii. c. xxi. Pern- bridge calls Henry Traharn, " fratrem Pin- cernse." Lodge says that Laurence Butler, brother of the Earl of Ormonde, was taken with Sir H. Traharne — Peerage, Mount- garret.
0 Lawles. — In this year Philip le Bret, Maurice Ho well, Gilbert de Moenes, Redmond and James Lawles and Richard Derpatrick were amerced £ 10, because they did not bring forward John Laweles, according to bail. In 1335, 60s. of this penalty remained unpaid, for which John Laweles had pardon, Nov. 18. — Rot. Cl. 8 Ed. III. 120. Pembridge says, that Robert Locam (Locumbe) was wounded in the expedition against the O'Byrnes and Law- lesses.
n6
cum consiliariis vocat in subsidium Mauritium comitera Dessemonia3p cum exer- citu, adversus hostes regies, pollicitiq sumptus itineris ; qui paulo post adfuit Brene Obriner et 1000 hominum, qui primum invasit O Nolens3 et debel- lavit, predam ingentem abegit omniaque vastavit; O Nolenes autem primum fugerunt, dein obsides dederunt. Castrum Ley antea occupation ab O Demcy redditum est comiti. Post Epiphaniam evasit e castro Dublin Donaldus* Arte Mac Murgh, cordamque dederat ei Adam Nangle, qui ea de causa suspensus postea est.
1330. Vend" impetuosissimi, quibus dejectis domibus, occidit uxorem et filiam Milonis Verdon. Inundatio etiam magna, precipue Boundi fluviiv, quaa omnes pontesw ejus preter Babe dejecti, et alia damria apud Trimx et Droghda. Frumenti
cranocus
son. In the collection of the late Dean of St. Patrick's there is a seal bearing a griffin, or dra- gon, passant, with the legend "Sigillum Bri<m i Brian." It has been appropriated to the Brian O'Brian who, according to the Annals of the Four Masters, succeeded to the lordship of Thomond in 1343, and was killed in 1350.
8 O' Nolens. — Pembridge adds that Des- mond went against the O'Morches (O'Mor- phews or Murphy s, of Tullow O'Felimy, in the County Carlow) who gave hostages that they would keep the peace.
1 Donaldus. — This chief seems to have been taken into the pay of the Crown. November 10, 1335, Donenald Fitz Art M'Morghyt had an order for £40 granted him by the Justi- ciary and the council, by the king's gift, for his great expenses in putting down the rebels, and for the capture of Philip Fitz Morghil O'Bryn Rot. Cl. 8 Ed. III. 37-
u Venti. — These storms were on November 25, December 6, and Christmas Day. — Pemb.
v Boundi Fluvii. — " The pleasant Boyne" of the Faerie Queen. Spenser is not the only poet who sung of the Boyne ; Camden quotes from Necham, Abbot of Cirencester, who died 1217? the following verses :
p Comitem Dessemonia. — On the 27th of August, 1329, Edward III., reciting that he had promoted Maurice Fitz Thomas to the earldom of Dessemond, granted him the ad- vowson of the church of Dungarvan, and, re- mitting all arrears of rent, gave him for life the rents of Dungarvan, for which he was bound to pay 200 marks annually. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 770.
q Polliciti. — The breach of this promise by the Justiciary was probably the pretext for the introduction, by the Earl of Desmond, of the Irish customs of coyne and livery, (a custom, says Baron Finglas, in his Breviat of Ireland, which would destroy hell, if that were used in the same), that is, he and his army took meat and man's meat and money at their plea- sures without any ticket or other satisfaction. He is said to have been the first of the English who imposed those grievous taxes on the sub- jects.— See Harris' Ware's Antiq., p. 76, and Hib. Anglic., p. 110, Davis' Discovery, p. 21.
r Brene Obrine. — When Bruce marched to Limerick an O' Brien is said to have been chosen by the English to command the English and Irish of Munster Archdall, Inchiquin. Per- haps this Brian O'Brien may have been his
"7
cision of the Lord (January i), the Justiciary, with the counsellors, called in the aid of Maurice, Earl of Desmond, with an army against the king's enemies, pro- mising to him the expenses of his march ; he came soon afterwards, bringing with him Bryan O'Bryan and one thousand soldiers ; he first attacked and subdued the O'Nolans, he took a great prey and laid waste every thing ; but the O'Nolans first iled away, and then gave hostages. The Castle of Ley, which had been occupied by O'Dempsy, is given up to the earl. After the Epiphany (January 6), Donald Art M'Morough escaped from the Castle of Dublin, Adam Nangle had given him a rope, for which cause he was afterwards hanged.
1330. Most violent storms, by which a house was blown doAvn which killed the wife of Milo Verdon and his daughter. There was also a great flood, especially of the Boyne, by which all the bridges on that river, except Babe's, were carried away, and other mischief done at Trim and Drogheda. A crannock of wheat
" Ecce Boan qui Trim celer influit, istius undas
Subdere se salsis Drogheda cernit aquis." The epithet is not happily chosen. It is pos- sible, however, that the celerity of the Boyne may have diminished. It is likely that there was formerly a greater body in most of the rivers than there is at present ; lakes have dis- appeared, and rivers which bore fleets of north- men in the tenth and eleventh centuries, have shrunk into brooks. After various writs about weirs on the Boyne at Knowth, Oldbridge, Staghling (Stackalan?) and Slane, given in Rot. Can., we find the fallowing account of a trial held in 1366: "Reginald Leynagh, Abbot of Mellifont, was indicted at Trim for erecting a weir on the river Boyne, at Old- bridge; the jury found, that, from the time of the arrival of the English, the king had a cer- tain free passage in that river from the town of Drogheda to the bridge of Trim, usually calleda watersarde, twenty-four feet in breadth from the bank on each side of the river, ac- cording to the discretion of twelve honest men, six from the neighbourhood of one side, and
is
six of the other ; and that through that aper- ture, boats, called corraghs, with timber for building and notes, had liberty to pass con- stantly free from Drogheda to the bridge of Trim; they also found that no weir had been erected there for upwards of thirty years. The court ordered the said weir to be totally re- moved for the said breadth of twenty-four feet, and the abbot to be committed to gaol ; he was afterwards pardoned the imprisonment on paying the fine of £10, which sum was paid in court to Roland de Shalesford, sheriff of the county of Meath." — Mon. Hib., p. 483, from King's Collections. There is an un- printed Act of 1537 for putting down of werres upon the ryver of Boyn. — State Papers, vol. ii.pt. iii. p. 527.
*' Omnes ponies. — " Tarn lapidei quam lig- nei." The flood also carried away several mills. Babe's Bridge was at Babestown, now Mabes- town, near Blackcastle, Navan, its remains are known by the name of" The Robber's Bridge."
x Trim — Pembridge says, that the flood did much mischief to the Friars Minor of Trim and
n8
cranocus venditur pro 2os. Avense^ 8s. quae penuria contingit ob pluviosum tempus, quo maxima pars frumenti meti ncquivit ante festum Michaelis. Midii Angli interfecerunt2 de Hibernis. Mac Geghdanes diruit 15 oppida eorum, qui collecta manvi interfecerunt ejus comitum no. in quibus fuerunt tres regu- lorum filii. Gulielmus de Burgo, comes Ultonise, duxit exercitum de Ultonia in Momoniam in Brene Obrene. Natus Gulielmus Darci a comitissa apud Mainotli. Raimundus Lawles interficitur apud Wiclowe per insidias. Par- liamentum apud Kilkeniam celebratum pro rege per Rogerum Outlawe Justiti- arurna, ubi fuerunt Alexander, Archicpiscopus Dublin, comes Ultonise, Jacobus Ormonioe, Giilielmus Brimingham, Gualterus de Burgo de Connacia, quilibet eorum cum magno exercitu ad expellendum Brene Obrene de Urliseb in Casshell. Gualterus de Burgo cum Connaciis depredavit agros Mauritii filii Thomse0, prjc- dam ad Urkisse duxit.
'331-
Urogheda, "qusefregit domos eorum." The Franciscan, or Gray Friary, of Trim stood on the site of the present court house. The par- liaments of Trim were probably held in the church of this house (Rot. Pat. 15 R. II. 42), which was afterwards the shire-house of the county. Wadding, who ought to have known better, having read that this convent was in Diocesi Mindensi, for Midensi, removes itfrom the banks of the Boyne "ad Visurgem fluvium in Germania." — Annales Minorum, torn. vi. p. .324. He also says, that the constable of the castle had a secret passage from his bed- chamber into this church, where he attended divine service. The Gray Friary of Drogheda
was on the north side of the Boyne Mon.
Hib., p. 458.
yAoeii(e Peas, beans, and barley were also
8.«. a crannock. — Pemb. In 1300 a crannock
was equal to two quarters Lib. Quotid.
Cont. Garderobaj, E. I. p. 125. February 5, 1331, the king issued a writ to the sheriffs of Gloucestershire and Somersetshire, informing them, that, notwithstanding the proclamation
against the export of grain, he had, in compas- sion for the people of Ireland, who were suffer- ing from scarcity of provisions, granted permis- sion to William de Clyvedon, Jocius de Reyny and Roger Pluf to carry into Ireland 600 quar- ters of any kind — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 807. For the free trade in corn, and other things be- tween England and Ireland, there is the fol- lowing very important order from Henry III. to Maurice Fitz Gerald, Justiciary : " Vestra non ignorare debet discretio quod dignum est et id volumus. quod terra nostra Angliae et terra nostra Hibernian communes sint ad invi- cem, et quod homines nostri Angli et Hiberni hinc inde negociari possunt ad commodum et emendationem terrarum prsdictarum, et ideo vobis mandamus, quod homines de terra Hi- bernia volentes emere blada in Hibernia du- cenda in Angliam in rmllo impedietis, vel im- pediri permittatis, quin libere et sine impedi- mento id facere possint." — Liber Hib., p. iv. p. 24.
* Interfecerunt. — Circa Quadragesimam juxtaLoghynerthy (Lough Ennell?; — Pemb.
is sold for 205., of oats for 8s., this scarcity was occasioned by the rainy season, on which account the greatest part of the wheat could not be reaped before Michaelmas. The English of Meath slew some of the Irish. The Mac Geoghegans destroyed fifteen of their towns, they assembled a band and slew one hundred and ten of his men, amongst whom were three sons of princes. William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, leads an army from Ulster into Munster against Bryan O'Bryan. William Darcy is born of the Countess at Maynooth. Raymond Lawles is killed at Wicklow by treachery. A parliament is held at Kilkenny for the king by Roger Outlawe, Justiciary, where were Alexander, Archbishop of Dublin, the Earl of Ulster, James of Ormonde, William Birming- ham, Walter de Burgh of Connaught, each of them went with a great army to expel Brian O'Bryan from Urlis in Cashel. Walter de Burgh with his Con- naught men plundered the country of Maurice Fit/ Thomas, and drove the prey to Urkiss.
a Justiciarium — Roger Outlawe was lieu- tenant of John Darcy, Justiciary, who was in England. — Pemb. This parliament was held on 8th of July, and was attended by the nobles named in the text, and by " Monsieur John le Fitz Robert le Poer, et aultres feals nostre Seigneur le Roy." — Betham's Dignities, p. 291 . On the Plea Roll of this year is recorded a suit between Walter Ultagh and Thomas de Parkiston for 10s. of silver, in which the de- fendant pleaded that he ought not to be com- pelled to answer the plaintiff " qui est Hiber- nicus." Ultagh replied that " Dominus Rex statuit in Parliamento suo, quod omnes Hiber- nici, ad pacem Domini Regis existentes, re- spondeantur ad communem legem," &c. The court decided in favour of the Irishman — Ibid. p. 292. The king had granted the sup- plication of some Irishmen, that he should grant by Statute, that all Irishmen " qui volu- erint, legibus utantur Anglicanis," without being obliged to apply for special charters. In 1328, he had ordered John Darcy to iri-
'331-
quire and report at the next parliament the will of the magnates on this matter. — Rot. Cl. 2 Ed. III. in T. L.
The reply of the magnates is not given ; but March 3, 1331, the king transmitted to the Justiciary certain ordinances made at the last parliament held at Westminster, the third article of which is " Quod una et eadem lex fiat tarn Hibernicis quam Anglicis, exceptaser- vitute Betagiorum penes dominos suos, eodem modo quo usitatum est in Anglia de villanis — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 812.
b Urlise. — Urkyff' juxta Cashill. — Pemb. Perhaps Thurles ?
c Muuritii filii Thoma;. — He was probably suspected ofaiding his late ally Brian O'Bryan. Pembridge says, that at this time the Earl of Ulster and the Earl of Desmond, "scilicet Do- minus Mauricius films Thomse (mine primo euro voco comitem)" were delivered by Roger Utlagh, Justiciary to the custody of the Mar- shal at Limerick, but that the Earl of Des- mond cunningly escaped. If these earls were
I2O
I331- Hugo Lacy cum pace regis ingressus ad Hiberniam. Comes Ultonise profectus est in Angliam. Occiduntur etiam Hiberni in O Kenselyd ab Anglis, 1 4 Aprilis. Castrum de Arclo capitur per insidias ab Hibernis, 2 1 Aprilis ; eodem die6 Otothiles abstulerunt 300 oves archiepiscopi Dublinensis a Tanelaghtf, occi- deruntque aliquot viros ; qua re ore delata Dubliniam, occiduntur etiam per insi- dias in Culiaghg ab Otothilo, Phillippus Birth, frater Mauricii fitz Geraldi, Hos- pitalaneus, Ramundus Archedeakin', Jo. Camerarius, Robertus Tirell, duo filii Reginaldi Bern wall et multi alii precipue e familia episcopi ; duxit in latrones exercitum Gulielmus Brimingham aliquosque eoruin occidit, verum vanis eorum promissis reducitur. D. Antonius Lacy* Justic. Occiduntur multi e comitibus Breni Obrene apud Thuiiesk ab Anglis in Maio ; item in Midia apud Finnagh1 interficiuntur nonnulli ab Anglis incolis 19° Junii. 27 Junii ingens multitude marinarum balenarumm que vulgo Thurlpolles vocantur, ingressa est intra le Conneg" et Dodir, in portu Dubliniaj vespere ; quarum captse sunt supra 200. que
insfruentem
now in disgrace they must soon have re- covered the royal favour; for, on the 17th of February, 1331, the king wrote to them by name, amongst the other Irish nobles of Ire- land, to declare the appointment of Anthony Lucy as Justiciary, and, on the 3rd of March he appointed the Earl of Ulster his lieutenant in Ireland, to do all things for the preserva- tion of the peace, "ita quod eaper consilium et avisamentum dilecti et fidelis nostri Antonii de Lucy Justiciarii nostri Hiberniae, et alinrum de consilio, faciat etexerceat." — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 81 J.
6 O'Kensely — Hy-Kinsellagh comprehend- ed the county of Wexford, the barony of Shi- lelagh in the county of Wicklow, and Kava- nagh's Country in Carlow.
e Eodem die — Pembridge, who agrees with Grace in dating the capture of Arklow April 21, says, "eodem die in vigiliis Sancti Marcae Evangelistse," whose feast is on the 25th of April.
f Tanelaght. — Tallaght, anciently Tamlact
Maelruany, is mentioned in the long list of the ample possessions which in 1179 Pope Alex- ander III. confirmed to Archbishop Laurence and his successors in the See of Dublin. — Usserii Sylloge, Ep. xlviii.
K Culiagh The Cowlagh. — Holinshed,
Marleburgh.
h Philippus Birt. — Dominus Philippus Bryt miles — Pemb. Ph. le Bret miles. — Rot. Cl. 8 Ed. III. 120. Philip le Bret was sheriff of Dublin in 1329.
' Ramundus Archdeakin. — Hamundus Do- minus Archedekyn — Pembridge. Redmond L'Ercediackne had been summoned to a par- liament in Dublin (20 Ed. II.) and was fined £40 for absence; in the 4th of Ed. III. this fine was remitted on his proving that he could not attend on account of the wars of the Irish. — Betham's Dignities, p. 291 ; Rymer, vol. ii. p. 811. This family afterwards became Irish, and assumed the name of McOdo or Cody.
J D. Antonius Lucy. — May 4, the sheriffs of Lancashire arid Cumberland had orders
121
I331- Hugh Lacy entered Ireland with the king's pardon. The Earl of Ulster went to England. The Irish are slain in Hykinselagh by the English on the 1 4th of April. The castle of Arklow is taken by stratagem by the Irish on the 2 ist of April ; on the same day the O'Tooles carried off three hundred sheep belonging to the Archbishop of Dublin from Tallaght, and killed some men ; this news being brought by word of mouth to Dublin ; there are also killed by stratagem by the O'Tooles, at Cullagh, Philip Bret, the brother of Maurice Fitz Gerald the Hospitaller, Raymond Archdeacon, John Chambers, Robert Tirell, two sons of Reginald Barnewall, and many others, especially of the family of the Arch- bishop ; William Birmingham led an army against the robbers, and killed some of them, but is brought back by their false promises. Sir Anthony Lucy, Jus- ticiary. Many of the party of Brian O'Bryan are killed at Thurlesby the English in May ; also at Finnagh, in Meath, some are killed by the English inhabitants on the ipthof June. On the 2yth of June, a great multitude of sea whales, which are commonly called Thurlpolles, entered into the bay of Dublin between the Conneg and the River Dodder, in the evening; more than two hundred of them
were
to prepare ships for the passage of Anthony
de Lucy and Thomas de Burgh Rymer,
vol. ii. p. 818. He landed June 3 — Pemb. He must have brought with him the ordi- nances of the 3rd and 5th of March, declaring that there should be one and the same law to the English and to the Irish ; and revoking all grants made by the king during the ministry of Mortimer — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 812. Perhaps both these declarations were almost equally displeasing to the great Irish lords, who had become Irish princes with English names. The non-existence of any Chancery Rolls from the 20 Ed. II. to the 8 Ed. III. involves this period in great obscurity.
" Thurles In 1357, the town of Thurlys
had a grant of certain customs for twenty years, for the purpose of paving and enclosing
it with a stone wall Rot. Pat. 30 Ed. III. 39.
1 Finnagh — Finae, in the barony of Demi- IBISH. ARCH. SOC. 3. R
fore, County of Westmeath.
m Marinarum balenarum. — Marinarum bel- luarum. — Pemb. He calls them Thurlhe- dis, and says that there were thought to be five hundred of them, and that Sir Anthony Lucy with his men and some of the citizens of Dublin, among whom was Philip Cradok, killed two hundred of them, and that by the order of the Justiciary, every one was allowed to do so, and to carry them away. In the An- nals of Dublin in Whitelaw's Dublin, vol. i. p. 170, these whales are called Turlehydes, and are said to have been from thirty to forty feet long, and so bulky that two tall men placed one on each side of the fish, could not see one another. The authority for this de- scription is not given.
" Le Conneg. — Perhaps the Cnocknogannoc of John's charter, the Enolnegannocke of the Inquisition of R. II., and the water of Cam-
I 22
ingruentera tune temporis famem non nihil relevarunt. Parliamentum Dublinii0, ad quod non venerunt multi magnates, idem translatum Kilkenniam, quo venit Mauritius Fitz Thomae, cum multis aliis, qui se purgarunt et se submiserunt regis clementiae, qui transacta eis fere condonavit. Castrum de Femes capitur per insidias, et incenditur in Angliap. Mauritius fitz Thomae, comes Dessimonias, capitur ajustitiario apud Limericum ad assumpcionem Mariae, et ducitur ad cas- trum Dublinii ; capiuntur etiam Henricus Mandevileq, et in Connacia Gualterus de Burgor cum duobus fratribus a comite Ultonias8, ducunturque ad castrum de Northburgh. Item Gulielmus Brimingham capitur cum filio suo Gualtero apud Clomel1, non obstante charta regis prius eis data, ducuntur ad castrum Dublin. Lageni Hibemi insurgunt in Anglos, omnia, etiam templa, incendunt, templum- que Freinstonu cum So hominibus in eo comburunt ; sacerdos autem cum sacris vestibus indutus, hostiam ferens exire tentaret, lanceis repulerunt, et combusse- runt ; qui ea de causa bulla papali ad episcopum Dublin missaexcommunicati sunt, et regio interdicta. Quae cum illi contemnentes, iterum comitatum Weisfordiae depopularentur ; apud Carconnamv a Ricardo Whiteyw, Ricardo fitz Hcnrici, civi-
busque
mock of the Franchises of 1602 — Whitelaw, vol. i. pp. 91, 93, 101. Pembridge calls it le Connyng.
0 Dublinii. — The parliament was held in Dublin in Octavis S. Johannis Baptists? (July 1), and adjourned to Kilkenny ad festum S. Petri quod dicitur ad vincula (Aug. 1) — Pemb. Cox says, that it was adjourned only to July 7- Maurice Fitz Thomas, who attend- ed the parliament at Kilkenny, was not the Earl of Desmond but the fourth Earl of Kil- dare.
i1 Incenditur in Anglia. — Comburitur mense Augusti — Pemb. The date of the arrest of the Earl of Desmond is mentioned afterwards by Grace and Pembridge, the latter adds, that he was brought to Dublin on the 7th of Octo- ber.
q Henricus Mandecile. — He was taken by the warrant of Simon Fitz Richard, Justice of
the King's Bench — Pemb.
T Gualterus de Burgo In 1327 Edmund
de Burgh and Walter Fitz William de Burgh were appointed Custodes Pacis in the counties of Connaught, Tipperary, and Limerick, and had the custody of the lands of Richard, late Earl of Ulster. — Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. II. 13. On the death of Earl William, in 1331, the custody of his lands and castles in Connaught was conferred on Queen Philippa — Rot. Pat. 29 Ed. III. 9.
* Comite Ultonice. — On the 5th of Novem- ber the Earl of Ulster, whose appointment, as the king's lieutenant in Ireland, is mentioned, note c, p. 119, was summoned to England, with James Earl of Ormonde, Sir William de Ber- myngham,and Walter de Burgh, and the duties of his office of lieutenant were committed to Sir Anthony Lucy, Justiciary. The cause, or the pretext, of this summons was the king's wish
were taken, which not a little relieved the then increasing famine. A parlia- ment at Dublin, to which many lords did not come, the same adjourned to Kil- kenny, where came Maurice Fitz Thomas and many others, who cleared them- selves and submitted to the clemency of the king, who nearly pardoned all that was past. The Castle of Ferns is taken by stratagem and is burned in August. Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Desmond, is taken by the Justiciary at Limerick, on the Assumption of the Virgin (August 15), and is brought to the Castle of Dub- lin ; Henry Mandeville is also taken, and in Connaught Walter de Burgh with his two brothers is taken by the Earl of Ulster, and brought to the Castle of North- burgh. Likewise William Birmingham is taken with his son Walter, at Clomnel, notwithstanding the king's charter before granted to them, and they are carried to the Castle of Dublin. The Leinster Irish rise against the English, they set fire to every thing, even the churches, and burn the Church of Freynstown with eighty persons in it ; and, even when the priest in his sacred vestments, and carrying the hostinhis hands, tried to get out, they drove him back with their spears, andburned him ; for this cause they were excommunicated by a Papal Bull sent to the Arch- bishop of Dublin, and the country put under an interdict. They despised these things, and again wasted the county of Wexford ; but at Ballycarney [?] four hundred of them were killed by Richard Whitty, Richard Fitz Henry, and the
townsmen
to consult with these lords about his intended whilst he was sick in his bed. They were
visit to Ireland, " pro reformatione status, et taken in February, and sent to Dublin on the
stabilimento pacis." — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 828. 19th of April. — Pemb. Archdall states, that
The king had already signified to the great ab- this Sir William was the fifth Lord Athenry.
sentee lords, his purpose of going in person to Peerage, Earl of Louth.
Ireland, and had warned them to send men for u Freinston The chapel of Freynstown or
the defence and recovery of their Irish posses- de villa Fraxini, belonging to the ceconomy
sions, declaring that if on his arrival he should of the cathedral of St. Patrick's Mason's
find the said possessions in the hands of the History of St. Patrick's Cathedral, notes, p. enemy, and should take them by force, he Ixvi. Now Friendstown, in the barony of would deal with them as his rightful con- Upper Talbotstown, Co. Wicklow. quest — Ibid. p. 825. The list of these absen- v Carconnam. — Carcarne Pemb. Bally- tee lords is in the Appendix. carney, in the barony of Scarawalsh, county
1 Clomel Clonmel in Tipperary. Mar- of Wexford.
leburgh says, that Sir William Birmingham w Ricardo Whitey Ricardus White
and Walter, his son, were taken by a wile, Pemb. Nov. 13, 1335, Richard Whittay had
Ra
124
basque Wesfordias 400 eorum interfecti sunt, aliiqui pcrmulti in Slano fluvio submersi restiterunt.
1332. 10. Julii. D. Gulielmus Brimingliamx suspenditur Dublin, vir strenuus et nobilis et rare virtutis in rebus bellicis, cujus mors a multis publice sumo dolori fuit. Filius ejus Gualtems liberator*. Castrum Banrat diruitur a Tothomo- niis Hibernis in Julio. Recipitur castrum de Arcloz a Justitic. expulsis Hibernis, et reficitur. Antonius de Lucytt ab officio privatus, in Angliam rediit. Johan- nes Darceyb fit Justitiarius. Brene O Breni, Mac Karthii clade afficiuntur in Momonia ab Anglis. Grassatiir per totam Hiberniam et in omnium etatum hominibus, morbus " mausesc" vocatus. Obsides in arce Limirici occiso pre- fecto, arce potiuntur, qui statim a civibus, recepto vi castro, ad unum interfici- imtur. Obsides in Nenagh potiti sunt castro, quod, incensis portis, recipitur, obsidibus salvis. Castrum de Ciontd incenditur ab Ototliile. Peccus6 frumenti ad Natale valet 22.?.
1333. Johannes Darcy Justitiarius. Briminganii Carbcria abstulerunt ab
Oconghurs
an order for five marks, being his fee for three months, as constable of the Castle of Fern vs. —Rot. Cl. 8 Ed. III. 38. Richard Fitz John Fitz Henry had property in Wexford at this time Ibid. 89.
* D. Gulielmus Brimingham — Prsedictus Dominus Willielmus, nobilis Miles, inter mil- lia militum in opere militari nobilissimus et optimus, heu, heu, pro dolor, quis ejus necem commemorans lacrymas continere potest ? sed tandem sepultus est Dubliniae inter Fratres Prgedicatores. — Pemb.
J Liberatur. — Marleburgh says, that he was delivered because he was within orders, which perhaps means that he acted under the orders of his father. He was not liberated until Fe- bruary, 1 336 — Pemb. He was Justiciary in 1347. Birmingham Tower in the Castle of Dublin is thought to have taken its name from being the scene of his long imprisonment — Whitelaw's Dublin, vol. i. p. 51.
z Arclo — October 20, 1335, Ellas Ashe- bourn had an order for his half-year's fee of forty marks, as constable of the Castle of Ar- clou, lately taken from the Irish enemy by Anthony de Lucy, late Justiciary of Ireland. — Rot. Cl. 8 Ed. III. 27. It was taken Aug. 8.— Pemb.
a Antonius de Lucy. — He returned into England in November with his wife and chil- dren Pemb. The execution of Sir Wil- liam Bermingham may have been the cause of the recall of this great Northumbrian baron, whom Edward had sent into Ireland to prepare for his coming in person. In March, 1333, Sir Anthony de Lucy made an inroad into Scotland, and defeated Sir William Doug- las, famous as " the Knight of Liddesdale," and made him prisoner. — Hailes' Annals, vol. ii. p. 197-
b Johannes Darcey Intravit Hiberniam
xiii die mensis Februarii. — Pemb. On the 4th
townsmen of Wexford, and many others of them were drowned in the river Slaney.
1332. On the loth of July Sir William Birmingham is hanged at Dublin, a bold and noble gentleman, of rare excellence in war ; his death was openly bewailed by many. His son Walter is set at liberty. The Castle of Bunratty is destroyed by the Irish of Thomond, in July. The Castle of Arklow is retaken by the Justiciary, who drove out the Irish, and is repaired. Anthony de Lucy is deprived of his office, and returned to England. John Darcy is made Justiciary. Brian O'Bryan and M'Carthy are defeated in Munster by the English. The disease called the " mauses" goes through all Ireland, attacking persons of every age. The hostages of the Castle of Limerick kill the governor and take posses- sion of the castle, but the citizens shortly take the castle by storm, and put them all to death. The hostages in Nenagh take possession of the castle, the gates were burned, and the castle recovered, the hostages being S9,ved. The Castle of Lyons is bxirned by O'Toole. A peck of wheat at Christmas is worth 22s.
1333. John Darcy, Justiciary. The Birminghams of Carbery carried off
from
of August, Roger Outlawe, Prior of S. John of Jerusalem, had authority to treat with the English and Irish captains of unlawful con- federacies, and to grant them the king's peace either on fines or for future services. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 842.
c Mauses. — Lesmaux? perhaps an epidemic like the modern influenza.
d Castrum de Clout. — Villa novi castri de Lions. — Pemb.
K Peccus. — Unum P . . . . frumenti circa Natale Domini pro xxii solidis et cito post pascha et deinceps pro xii denariis communi-
ter vendebatur Pemb. In 1336, when
money was scarce and corn in plenty, wheat was 2s. the quarter in London, and a fat ox was 6s. 8d Chronicon Preciosum, Fleet- wood's Works, p. 406. In 1463, it was enacted by the English parliament that no corn should be imported if wheat were not above 6*. Sd.,
rye 4.9., and barley 3s. the quarter. — Ibid, p. 412. In 1470, it was ordained by the Irish parliament that the highest price, by the peck, of wheat should be Is. 4d., of oats 4rf., of barley Sd., of wheatmeal Is. 8d., of oatmeal
6d Betham's MS. Collections. In 1520,
wheat in Ireland was 16,?. the quarter, and malta mark. These were considered very high prices. — State Papers, vol. ii. pt. iii. p. 43.
Perhaps the scarcity of provisions in Ire- land may have been one of the causes which prevented Edward III. from coming over with an army. On the 6th of February he had signified his purpose of being in Ireland ad festum S. Petri ad Vincula (Aug. 1), and had desired Anthony de Lucy to certify him the number of quarters of corn of all kinds, and of pipes of wine, which he could procure there. —Rymer, vol. ii. p. 832. July 12 he notified that he had put off his voyage to Michaelmas,
126
Oconghurs 2000 vaccarumf et ultra. Johannes Darcy Justic. excidit transitum apud Ethergouilg in Ofalia. Liberaturh comes Dessimoniis fideiussoribus permul- tis qui vitam possessionesque pro eo oppignorarunt. Gulielmus de Burgo, comes Ultoniae, inter castrum de Sancles1 et Gregforgus interficitur a suis, anno etatisJ 26 in Junio. Hie Ricardumk de Burgo, avunculum suum, turn quia petulantem uxorem suam contractaverat, (nam interiora radere docuerat pro more Hiber- niaB), turn ob alias causas morti mulctaverat. Hujus Ric. soror1 nupserat domino Johanni Manndivile de Donnahir, quae eum in vindictam fratris incitare non cessavit, die igitur dominico cum ad comitia castro de Sandes versus Gregfergus equitaret ad sacra, animadvertens cum eo plures esse famulos e Foganis quam cum comite, interim dum matutinas prcces cum eo diceret, gladio pone caput sibi dis- secuit; qua re audita uxorm cum filia ex Ultonia in Angliam recte confugit. Johannes Darcy, Justitiarius, eo profectus homicidas pi-elio superans, quosdam capit, alios interfecit. Justitiarius cum exercitu inde in Scotiam" transfretavit
ad
and ordered all the ships in the ports of Ire- land to meet him at Holiheved in Wales (Holyhead) on the morrow of the Nativity of the Virgin.— Ibid. 840, 841.
f Vaccarum — At this, and to a much later period, cows seem to have been the principal property of the Irish, and to have been their chief article of barter and medium of ex- change. In 1258, O'Neale paid four hun- dred cows for his arrears of rent. — Davis' Discovery, p. 12. In the ordinance of 1331 the king forbids that cows should any longer be taken as fines for ransom. The author of the French Metrical Account of the Depo- sition of Richard II. says, that M'Morough had a horse without housing or saddle, which was so fine and good that it cost him, they said, four hundred cows, for there is little money in the country, wherefore the usual traffic is only with cattle.
Un cheval ot sans sele ne arcon, Qui lui avoit couste, ce disoit on,
Quatreces vaches, tant estoit bel et bon ;
Car pou dargent
A ou pais, pour ce communenit
Marchandent eulx a bestes seuleiut.
Archceologia, vol. xx. p. 305. Campion, in Queen Elizabeth's time, speaks of a horse for which a nobleman in vain offered one hundred kine, a £5 land, and an aery of hawks yearly for seven years. The book of Ballimote, now in the Library of the R. I. Academy, was bought by Hugh Duff, son of Hugh Roe, son of Niall Garbh O'Donell, from M'Donell of Coran, in the year 1522, for one hundred and forty milch cows. — O'Reilly's Irish Writers, p. 105.
? Ethergouil Ethergouill in Offalia super
O'Conghir. — Pemb. Perhaps Tyrrellspass, or the Pass of Kilbride. Tyrrellspass is situ- ated on an eskyr, or ridge of gravel.
h Liberatur — He had been a year and a half in confinement. — Pemb.
' Castrum de Sandes — This place is called
I27
from the O'Conors two thousand cows and more. John Darcy, Justiciary, cut a pass at Etergouel in Ofaly. The Earl of Desmond is liberated ; there were several bailsmen who pawned life and property for him. William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, is killed by his own men, between the Castle of the Ardes[?j and Carrickfergus, in the twenty-sixth year of his age, in June. He had put to death Richard de Burgh, his uncle, both for having insulted his wife, (nam interiora radere docuerat pro more Hibernise), and for other causes. The sister of this Richard had married Sir John Mandeville of Donnahir, and she ceased not to incite him to the revenge of her brother ; therefore, on the Lord's day, when he was riding to a meeting from the Castle of Ardes [?] towards Carrickfergus to church, perceiving that more servants of the Logans [?] were with him than were with the earl, when he was saying the morning prayers with him, he cleft his head from behind with a sword ; upon hearing which the earl's wife with his daughter fled straightway from Ulster into England. John Darcy, Justiciary, going there, and defeating the murderers in battle, takes some of them, and slew others. The Justiciary thence passed over with an army into Scotland to the king,
having
Nova Villa by Pembridge. It was probably the Castle of Newtown-Ards.
j Anno etatis — Anno aetatis suae xx., vi. die mensis Junii. — Pemb. " This Erie of Ulster might dispend a yere in that lond above 30,000 marks, and had five shires, besides lordships and manners. These be the five shires, the countys of Tyrone, Antrim, Carrickfergus, Newtown and Lekahill." — Finglas' Breviate in Harris's Hibernica, p. 103.
k Hie Ricardum. — These particulars are not in Pembridge, who says, that the person who gave him the first blow was Robert Fitz Mauriton Mandeville.
1 Ric. Soror Archdall (Peerage, Clan-
ricarde) does not mention this Richard. He says that the earl was murdered by Robert Fitz Richard Mandeville near to the Fords, in going towards Carrickfergus, at the instiga- tion (as was said) of Gyle de Burgo, wife of
Sir Richard Mandeville, in revenge for his having imprisoned her brother Walter, and others.
m Uxor. — Maude, third daughter of Henry Plantagenet, Earl of Lancaster, Leicester and Derby, second son of Edmund, Earl of Lan- caster, second son of King Henry III.
" In Scotiam. — Marleburgh says, that Darcy went into Scotland to the King of England, because at that time he was there in war, and that on St. Margaret's Eve (July 12), great slaughter was made in Scotland by the Irish, and so what by the king on one part, and the the Lord Justice in another, Scotland was con- quered, and Edward Baliol was established king of Scotland ; and Campion adds, that Darcy might have possessed the islands had they been worth the keeping, into which islands, besides him and Sussex the late lieutenant of Ireland, no governor ever yet adventured. In 1558
128
ad regem, relicto vicario magistro Thorna Bur. In conventu nobilium ad Carmi- litas Dublin, intcrficitur Murcardus0 fitz Nicholai Othotill, cujus aucthor igno- rabatur. Rediit Justitiarius. Comes Dessimoniae ab eqiio delapsus tibiam fregit. Estas temperatissima , frumenti pecus venditur pro 6d. Ramundus Arcliedekin cum nonnullis suyc families interficitur in Laenia. Desunt multaq.
Sussex plundered Cantyre, Arran, and Com- ber (the Cumrays). — Ware's Annals.
On the 12th of June, 1335, Friar Andrew Leynagh, guardian of the house of the Friars Minor of Kildare, who had been sent as am- bassador from the king to the islands of Scot- land to treat with John de Insula " super re- tinencia suaet aliis dicendiset sciendis ex parte Regis," had on order for 60s — Rot. Cl. 9 et 10 Ed. III. 36.
The following extracts from Rymer relate to expeditions from Ireland into Scotland, which are not mentioned by Grace :
On the 8th of May, 1335, the king wrote to the Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Friars, Earls, Barons, Clergy, and his people of Ire- land, stating the exhausted state of his trea- sury, and the expenses of his war in Scotland, and requesting, that " pensantes quod in ne- cessitatis articulo vera dilectio comprobatur, nobis de tali subsidio, quod dantes deceat et nobis gratum esse debeat et acceptum, liberal! promptitudine succurratis." Of the same date, and to the same purport, were letters to the mayor and citizens of Dublin, and to the other cities and towns of Ireland, requiring a sub- sidy, declaring that by their liberality on this occasion "in agendis vestris merito efficiamur promptiores." In these letters there was a clause, that what was now done should not be made a precedent. The nobles and gentry who were then summoned were to be ready on St. John's day (June 24), under the com-
mand of John Darcy, the Justiciary — Rymer, vol. ii. pp. 905, 906, 907.
On the 8th of July, 1335, Thomas Crosse Clerk had an order for £4000 in money and victuals, for the payment of the men at arms, hobellers, and footmen, who were going with John Darcy into Scotland ; and on the 16th of July he had an order for £100 for the re- pair "inginiarum, balistarum, vangarum, vo-
merum, ligonum, securium," &c Rot. Cl. 9
& 1 0 Ed. 1 1 1. 1 9, 20. On the 24th of August, Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Desmond, had an order for £100 for himself and his men at arms, who came from Munster to Drogheda on their way to Scotland, and were detained there for a month from the want of shipping. — Ibid. 40. In this Roll there is an entry which may be interesting to the Irish natu- ralist— Reginald, the king's huntsman, had been sent by the king to bring dogs from Ire- land to England, and he had an order for £7. 16*. 5$d. for his own wages at 4rf. a day, and two boys at 3^r/., and for feeding nineteen dogs, which he had received from different Irish lords, charging %d. a day for each dog, and 105. for their passage. — Ibid. 47. These dogs were probably Irish wolf dogs, for, says Stany hurst, "they are not without woolves and greihounds to hunt them, bigger of bone and limb than a colt." — Descrip. of Ireland, p. 20.
0 Murcurdus Murcardus sive Mauritius.
Pemb. He seems to have been attending
parliament, and his murder excited great alarm
129
having left Master Thomas Burgh as his deputy. In the meeting of the nobles at the Carmelites in Dublin, Murchard Fitz Nicholas O'Toole is murdered, the author of which act was not known. The Justiciary returned. The Earl of Desmond fell from his horse and broke his leg. A most seasonable summer, a peck of wheat is sold for 6d. Raymond Archdeacon, with some of his family, is killed in Leinster. Many things are omitted.
J337-
amongst the " majores" of the land. The Friary of the Carmelites, or White Friars, was situated near Whitefriar-street.
P Temperatissima. — Pembridge says, that the summer was so fine and dry that there was bread of new wheat on the 1st of August. There is now the difference of eight days from the alteration of the style.
n Desunt multa. — Neither in Pembridge nor in Grace is there any notice of any occurrence in years 1334, 1335, 1336. And for these three years the only entry in Marlburgh is " Anno. 1336. On St. Laurence's day (August 10), the Irish of Connaught were discomfited and put to flight by the English of the country there, and there were slaine (of them) tenne thousand, fnd one Englishman."
There is no notice of this victory in the Chancery Rolls. On the 14th of June, 1335, Friar Henry Holywode of the Order of the Friars Preachers of Dublin, who, by the orders of the Justiciary and council, had twice gone to treat with O'Congher, Prince of the Irish of Connaug'ht, had an order for 40s. ; and, on the 16th of October, Friar William Jordan of the same order, who had been sent into Connaught to treat with O'Congher of Connaught, and with Edmund, son of Richard de Burgh, late Earl of Ulster, had an order for 13s. 4d — Rot. Cl. 9 et 10 Ed. III. 38, 39.
On the 2nd of June, 1336, the king thanks the archbishops, nobles, clergy, and commons
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3.
s
of cities, boroughs, and towns, and of his other faithful people of Ireland, for their ge- neral subsidy which they had granted " dered- ditibus, terris et bonis;" and, as it would seem that the grant of this subsidy had been ac- companied with a remonstrance against cer tain grievances, he at the same time sent a letter to the Justiciary, Chancellor, and Trea- surer, in which he states, that it had been shown to him, " ex parte proborum homi- num," and that it was infamously notorious, that they and his other ministers, regarding the persons of men, and yielding to men and not to right, had made one law for the rich and another for the poor, and had allowed the strong to oppress the weak, to usurp the royal authority, to detain the king's debts, and to perpetrate various crimes ; and that instead of protecting the poor, who were willing to be obedient subjects, they harassed and aggriev- ed them against all justice, to their great loss, and thereby gave a pernicious example to others. The king, therefore, considering that princes are appointed by God for the punish- ment of evil doers and for the reward of them that do well, expressly commands them to treat and judge with the same law, " omnes et singulos qui per legem nostram Anglicam regi debeant," both small and great, rich and poor, so as to put to silence those who blamed them, and to deserve the king's approbation. — Ry- mer, vol. ii. p. 939. The persons who ought
130
!337- Vigilia Calixti, 7. perdices in suma aula Canonicorum S Trinitatis, ex agris volantes, consederunt, quarum duas pueri vivas ceperunt, 3 perimerunt, reliquae avolarunt ; res multam omnibus admirationem1" dedit. I). Joannes Charl- tons, Just. Hiberniae, venit, frater ejus etiam, episcopus Herfordiensis Thomas, venit cancellarius ; qui secum adduxerunt Cambros* ad 200. Vocatus ad paiiia- rnentum David O Plirraghti" ac episcopus Armachanus, qui prohibitus est ab Archi[episcopo] Dublin et clero, preferre sibi Crucemv. Moritur idem David Arch, cui successit Ricardus fitz Radulfi"', decanus Lichefildiensis, natus ad Dundalcke. Moritur Jacobus Butler, primus comes Ormoniae, 17° Januarii, sepelitur apud Baligalan.
1338. Johannes Charleton officio privaturx, fit Justitiarius frater ejus, epis- copus Herfordiae. 3° Februarii D. Eustatius Poer et avunculus ejus dominus Joannes Power ducuntur e Mamonia a Just, ad castrum Dublin. Gelu intinsi- cumy altissima nive a 2° Decembris usque ad iom Februarii.
'339-
not to be governed by the English law, were probably the Betaghs, who were so excepted in the ordinance of 1331, and who were in the same condition in Ireland as the villans or na- tives were in England. In 1338, Edward III. manumitted John Simondson and other na- tives of the manor of Brustwyk in England, from all servile work, and made them free from all exactions "ratione villenagii." — Ry- mer, vol. ii. p. 1038.
The laws made for, and in, Ireland were good laws. " But," says Baron Finglas, "it is a gret abusion and reproach that the laws and statuts made in this lond are not observed ne kept, after the making of theme, eight days ; which matter is oone of the distructions of Englishmen of this lond ; and divers Irishmen doth observe and kepe souche laws and statuts, which they make upon hills in ther country, firm and stable, without breaking them for any fa- vour or reward." — Breviateof Ireland, p. 101.
r Admirationem. — The mode in which Pern-
bridge mentions this prodigy is characteristic ; after saying, " quod autem portendit casus retro seculis inauditus peritorum arbitrio re- linquatur," he immediately proceeds to say, that on the next day landed Sir John Charle^ ton, Justiciary, with his wife and his sons and his daughters, and that some of his sons and his family died.
8 Joannes Charlton. — He was accompanied not only by his brother, the Bishop of Here- ford, but by Master John Rees, Treasurer. — Pemb.
1 Cambros — On the 13th of August the king ordered the Treasurer and the Chamber- lains of the Exchequer of Dublin to pay the two hundred Welsh footmen, whom he was sending into Ireland with John de Cherleton the elder, the Justiciary, " in subsidium defen- sionis terrarum nostrarum contra hostiles Hi- bernicorum invasiones, et ad ipsorum hostium nequiciam conterendam." — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 988.
1337. On the Eve of St. Calixtus (October 14) seven partridges, flying from the fields, lighted on the roof of the hall of the Canons of the Holy Trinity, the boys caught two of them alive and killed three, the others flew away ; the thing caused much wonder to all persons. Sir John Charleton came Justiciary of Ire- land, his brother also, Thomas, Bishop of Hereford, came as Chancellor; they brought with them Welchmen to the number of 200. David O'Hiraghty, Arch- bishop of Armagh, is summoned to parliament, he is prevented from carrying his Cross before him by the Archbishop and clergy of Dublin. The same Arch- bishop David dies, and is succeeded by Richard Fitz Ralph, Dean of Lichfield, who was born at Dundalk. James Butler, first Earl of Ormonde, dies on the i yth of January, he is buried at Gowran.
1338. John Charleton is deprived of office, his brother, the Bishop of Here- ford, is made Justiciary. On the 3rd of February, Sir Eustace Power and his uncle, Sir John Power, are brought from Munster by the Justiciary to the Castle of Dublin. Intense frost with very deep snow from the 2nd of December to the roth of February.
J339-
"David O'Hirraghti. — Called by some Mac Oreghty, succeeded in 1334, died 1346. — Harris Ware's Bishops, p. 81.
v Preferre sibi crucem — On the 2nd of Janu- ary, 1338, the king wrote to the Archbishop of Dublin, ordering him not to molest or im- pede the Archbishop of Armagh in bearing his cross erect in the diocese of Dublin whilst he was attending parliament. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 1007- In 1335 he had issued a like order to the Archbishop of York for the preserva- tion of the rights of the Archbishop of Can- terbury in the diocese of York. — Ibid. p. 904. For a history of the controversy on this sub- ject between the Sees of Armagh and Dub- lin, see Harris Ware's Bps. at Walter de Jorse, p. 71.
w Ricurdusjitz Radulfi Ware says, that
Richard Fitz Ralph did not succeed David O'Hiraghty until 1347. For the acts and
s
writings of this archbishop, see Harris Ware's Bps., p. 81, and Irish Writers, p. 84.
x Officio privatur. — Ad instigatiouem ger- mani sui. — Pemb.
y Gelu intinsicam. — Pembridge says, that the Liffey was frozen over, and that men danced and played at ball, and ran races and roasted herrings on fires made of wood and turf on the river. " De nive quoque idem gelu comitante non oportet amplius os aperire, cum fuisset profunditate mirabili insignita." Of this year, Walsingham says, that in Eng- land there was severe frost without snow from the 5 calends of December (November 27) to the 4th ides (the 10th day) of February, and that, although the winter was such as had not been for twenty years, the willows, in Janu- ary, bore flowers like roses in size and colour. The following notices from the Ulster Annals, and many others which could be given, tend
1339. Bellura universalem per totam Hiberniam. In Kernigia 200 Hiberni occisi a comite Dessimoniae, ceterisque Geraldinis, capiturque Mauritius fitz Nicholai2 dominus Kernigiaa a comite, et in carcere moritur, is enim adversus regem et comitem cum Hibernis insurrexerat. Occiditur itidem circa 300 Hiberni in Baro fluvio a Kildariensibus, qui cum Odimciisa comitatum Kildarias invaserant. Abducitur ingens preda circa O Drono ab episcopo Justitiario.
1340. Rediit in Angliam Justitiarius relicto vicario Rogero Outlaweb prior de Kilmainam 1 3 Februarii. Johannes Darcius dum vivat factus Justitiarius.
I34o-[i34i?]. Venit dominus Joannes Moris, vicarius Darcii. In comitatu Leicestriae vir quidem, chirothecas inventas manibus inducens, latrare incepit ut canis, quod malum serpsit ab eo per totum comitatum. Rex omnia a se et patre collata in quemcumque, modo quocumque, tam libertates et possessiones, quam alia bona, revocavit0, qua re mota tota fere Hibernia extemplo insurgit in regem. In Octobri parliamentum Dublinii, ad quod minime venit comes Bessemoniae, quo tempore primum divisio manifesta extitit inter Anglos in Angliad natos, et
Anglos
to show that the climate of Ireland has not been much changed during the last thousand years.
In 817 there was wonderful frost and snow from Christmas to Quinquagesima ; the loughs and several rivers were crossed dry-shod, tame and wild animals crossed over Lough Neach, and stags were taken without hunting, and building materials were carried over Lough Erne from Connaught. In 855, there was snow and hard frost so that the herds of cat- tle and horsemen crossed over the loughs and rivers of Ireland from ix. Kalends of Decem- ber to vii. Ides of January. In 894, a great snow. In 916, snow and great cold and won- derful frost, so that they crossed over the loughs and rivers of Ireland, and hence came a mortality amongst the cattle and horses and sheep and birds. The sky seemed on fire with comets. A flame of fire, gradually increasing, seemed to proceed slowly from the western bounds of Ireland until it passed the east sea.
* Mauritius Jitz Nicholai. — Fourth Lord of Kerry. Lodge (Kerry) says that this lord having had a dispute with Dermod Oge Mac Carthy, son and heir to Mac Carthy More, killed him upon the bench before the judge of assize at Tralee, in 1 325, for which he was tried and attainted by the parliament at Dub- lin, but was not put to death. Pembridge says that he died in prison, " positus ad die- tarn." — See note f, p. 93.
a Odimciis. — In November, 1336, O'Dymsy had an order for £10 for his expenses in going with John Darcy, Justiciary, against Lessagh O'Moyche (O'More), and the other Irish who had made insurrection against the king. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 951. One of the Mores had been retained by Mortimer, the heir of Eva de Braos, in the lordship of Dunamase, to be his captain of war against the Irish on the borders, in the beginning of the reign of Edward II. (q. III?) Lisagh Moore, took the title of O'Moore, seized upon eight castles
1339. Universal war through the whole of Ireland. In Kerry, two hundred Irish are killed by the Earl of Desmond and the other Geraldines, and Maurice Fitz Nicholas, Lord of Kerry, is taken by the earl, and dies in prison, for he had made insurrection with the Irish against the king and the earl. About three hundred Irish are also slain in the River Barrow by the men of Kildare, they had invaded the county of Kildare with the O'Dempsys. A great prey is driven about Idrone by the Bishop Justiciary.
1340. The Justiciary returned to England, having left as his deputy Roger Outlaw, Prior of Kilmainham, who died February 13. John Darcy is made Justiciary for life.
I34°~[I34r ?]• Sir John Moris came, deputy of Darcy. In the county of Leicester a certain man putting on his hands a pair of gloves which he had found, began to bark like a dog, which disease crept from him through the whole county. The king revoked all grants made by his father or by himself to any person whomsoever in whatsoever way, whether liberties or possessions, or other goods, by which measure almost the whole of Ireland was moved to immediate insur- rection against the king. In October a parliament at Dublin, to which the Earl of Desmond came not at all, at which time a division was first manifested between the English born in England and the Anglo-Irish, wherefore the Irish
lords
in one evening, destroyed Dunamase, the prin- mensis Februarii Pemb.
cipal house of the Lord Mortimer in Leix, c Revocavit. — This revocation was proba-
and recovered that whole country, " de servo bly caused by the Bishop of Hereford's reply
Dominus, de subjecto princeps effectus, saith to a writ dated March 5, 1339, directing him
Friar Clynne in his Annals." — Davis1 Disco- to certify to the king, the lands, tenements,
very, p. 146. In the time of James I., the liberties, granted in Ireland, and their respec-
O'Mores, Lalors, and other septs, were trans- tive value in peace. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 1075.
planted from the Queen's County into Kerry. (1 Anglos in Anglia. — July 27, 1341, the
— Strafforde's Letters, vol. i. p. 69. Garrett king ordered John Darcy, Justiciary, to re-
O'More, of Clogh Castle, near Banagher, is move from their offices in Ireland all Irish-
the present chief of the O' Mores. Many of men, and all Englishmen who had married in
the descendants of the seven septs of Leix still Ireland, and had lands and possessions in that
remain in the barony of Iraghticonnor, County country, but had nothing in England, and to
Kerry. appoint in their places Englishmen who had
6 Rogero Outlawe. — Item obiit Dominus lands and possessions in England ; he also or-
Rogerus Outlawe Prior de Kylmainan ac Jus- dered that no future alienations of the royal
titiarius et Cancellarius dicta? terrse xiii. die demesnes or other possessions in the king's
'34
Anglos Hibernos, Magnates itaque Hibernias et magistratus6 constituerunt par- liamentum, apud Kilkenniam, in utilitatem regis et regionis ; ad quod Justic. cum reliquis ministris regis venire minime voluerunt, neque ausus est, neque enim ejus consilium in hac re usi sunt aut reliquorum ; concluditur ibi ut per nuntios regi significareturf iniqua gubernatio Hiberniae a ministris suis, cum querela petitionis, correctionis et melioris regiminis.
1342. ius [Idibus] Octobris vise 2* Lunae" Dublin.
1343. Vicus S. Thomse Dublin arsit. D. Radulfus Upford cum uxore, comi- tissa Ultonias11, venit Just ; ejus adventum incipit coelum pluviosum, quod non ces-
savit
hands should be made without a proper writ of inquiry. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 1171. The writ of revocation of all grants made by Ed- ward II. and Edward III. is given by Cox. — Hib. Angl.,p. 117. .
e Magistrates. — Majores (the Mayors) ci- vitatum regalium. — Pemb.
f Regi significaretur. — The messengers then sent were Friar John L' Archer, Prior of Kilmainham, and Thomas de Wogan. The discontented lords asked then three questions : How a land full of wars can be governed by a man ignorant of war ? — How a king's officer can in a short time acquire great wealth ? — Why the king is not made richer by Ireland ? — Pembridge. They also sent a statement of their grievances, and of the ill conduct of the king's officers, which is given at length from Prynne's Collections in Lib. Hib., pt. iv. p. 32. In this very interesting State Paper they represent to the king, that the third of Ire- land, which had been conquered by his ances- tors, had fallen into the hands of his Irish enemies ; and that his faithful subjects, the English, were so impoverished that they could scarcely live, " par grevance des ditz enemys dune part, et excesse doffice des ministres dautre part." They said, that the castles of
Roscommon, Randoun, Athlone, and Bon- ratty, had been taken by the enemy because the treasurers did not pay their fees to the constables without great deductions, although they charged them in full in their accounts, and because great men got these appointments and never set foot in the castles, but discharged the duties by insufficient deputies ; that the treasurers paid constables, or at least charged their fees in their accounts, where there were no castles ; that provisions furnished in the Scotch war had been charged to the king, but not paid for. (These charges against the treasurers would seem not to have been un- founded, for, in 1344, Archbishop Bykenor, as late treasurer, had pardon for sundry false writs and acquittances, which he had put into his treasurer's account). The lords then re- minded the king that in the time of rebellion in Scotland, Wales, and Gascony, the Eng- lish of Ireland " se sontbien etloialment con- tenuz devers lours lige seigneur, et touz temps ferront, si a Dieu plest" in defence of their country, and this chiefly at their own charge, and they pray that they be not ousted of their "franc tenementz sanz estreappele en jugement come la grand chartre voet. " They also complain that writs had been issued, di-
lords and magistrates constituted a parliament at Kilkenny, for the good of the king and the country; to it the Justiciary, with the other ministers of the king, had no inclination to go, nor had he courage to do so, for they did not use his advice nor that of the other ministers in the business; it is there concluded, that the unjust government of Ireland by his ministers should be signified to the king by messengers with a complaint and petition for their correction and for better government.
1342. On the 1 1 th of October two moons were seen in Dublin.
1343. St. Thomas-street, Dublin, burned. Sir Ralph Ufford came asJusticiary, with his wife, the Countess of Ulster ; at his coming there began showery weather
which
recting persons charged with offences com- mitted in Ireland to appear in England, which practice they declare to be against common law and reason, and pray that the law may be observed as heretofore. The king returned favourable answers to almost all their requests in these and other matters, and in particular he confirmed the grants of his predecessors, and declared that the lands granted by him- self and resumed, should be delivered to the grantees, on security being given that they should be again surrendered, if legally found to have been granted without just cause.
At this time several of the most obnoxious of the judges and officers were removed, par- ticularly Elias de Ashbourn, who was impri- soned and deprived of his estate, but was after- wards pardoned (Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. III. 83), and Thomas de Montepessulano (Mompesson) and Henry Baggot, judges of the Common Pleas. — Cox's Hib. Anglic., p. 118.
K 2s Lunce — One in its proper place in the west, the other of the size of a round cake of bread (unius rotundi panis) in the east. In this year, on 10th of March, the king issued a writ to the Justiciary or his locum tenens, and to Friar John L' Archer, to have ready one
hundred men at arms and nine hundred hobe- lars to attend him in his expedition to France ; on the 20th of March the number ofhobelars was reduced to six hundred ; and on the 14th of April, in transmitting his reply to their peti- tion by John L' Archer and Thomas de Wogan, he calls upon the archbishops, bishops, earls, barons, and commons of the cities, boroughs, towns in Ireland, charging them to show their loyalty in assisting his officers in their prepa- rations for his passage into France with some of his good people of Ireland — Rymer, vol. ii. pp. 1188, 1190, 1193. On the 23rd of July, the locum tenens of the Justiciary, the Chan- cellor, the Treasurer, and Simon Fitz Ri- chard had authority ad tractandum with the lords of Ireland for their assistance, either in joining the king or in going to Britanny with the Earl of Northampton, and the Treasurer was directed to hire ships for their passage and to pay them their wages until they joined either the king or the earl. — Ibid. p. 1207.
h Comitissa Ultonice. — This lady, who after her first husband's murder, was afraid to re- turn to Ulster in consequence of threats against his life, exchanged with the king her Irish dower for property of equal value in England,
i36
savit quoad is in vita remansit. Vir injustus et avarus, omnia vi agere, nulli Justiciam ministrare, dives ac pauperes bonis spoliare et opprimere, multoque magis hec omnia uxoris instinctu. Profectus in Ultoniam in Angustiis Eraer- dullam1, a Mac Catan grave damnum suscepit, vestibus, pecunia, utensilibus argenteis, et equis nonnullis privatus de suis itidem aliquot perdidit, ope tamen Urguliorum tandem in Ultoniam evasit.
1335~[I345 ^]-j Parliamentum Dublinise ad quod non venit Mauritius comes Dessemonise. RadJfus Upford post Joh. Baptiste, cum vexillo Regisk sine assensu magnatum in Mamoniam proficissitur in comitem, ubi possessiones ejus occupavit, et pro anuali censu variis hominibus dimisit ; duas irrde- epistolas D. Gulielmo Burton1 scripsit, unam Mauri tio fitz Thomae comiti Kildariae tradendam, qua eum j \ibebat et impetrabat ut sine mora cum exercitu sibi in auxilio adesset ; alteram eidem Gulielmo qua precepit ut comitem Kildariae caperet et custodiae traderet. Gulielmus duin comes portat exercitum, suadet ut antea consiliarios apud Dubliniam adeat, ut eorum aucthoritate suffultus, et tutius iret, et posses- siones interim in tuto manerent, quo cum venisset, in ipso senatum a Gulielmo
apprelienditur
and until that value was ascertained, was al- lowed 200 marks a year from the Exchequer. — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 1019.
i Emerdullam. — Probably in the Co. Down.
J1345. — In 1344, for which year there is no entry either in Pembridge or Grace, the king issued a writ, on the 14th of June, to Ralph de Ufford, Justiciary, directing him to inquire "per sacramentum proborum et le- galium hominum tarn infra libertates quam extra," what lands and tenements had been granted by the king's ancestors for the defence of the marches between the English and the Irish, and in what way the tenants had con- ducted themselves, and what lands thus granted had been destroyed and seized upon by the Irish through the neglect of the grantees. On the 10th July, in consequence probably of an agreement made after July 23, 1333, (see note h, p. 126) the king summoned the
Earl of Desmond to be at Portsmouth on the Octaves of the Nativity of B. M. V., with at least twenty men at arms and fifty hobelars, who were to receive the king's pay, and who were to serve the king in his war with Philip of Valois ; at the same time Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Kildare, Fulco de la Freigne (now Freney), Edmund de Burgh, Walter de Bir- mingham, Richard Tuyt, and David Barry, were likewise summoned to bring twenty men at arms and fifty hobelars. Gerald de Rochef ' (Rochefort), Eustace Power, Milo de Coucy (de Courcy), the Lord of Anri (Athenry), and the Captain de Rocheyns (Roches), were sum- moned with ten men at arms and thirty ho- belars— Rymer, vol. iii. pp. 13, 17. Their neglect of this summons must have irritated the king against these lords, and brought on them the punishment of the following year. It is, however, to be noticed that in
'37
which did not stop as long as he lived. A man unjust and greedy of gain, doing every thing by force, giving justice to none, robbing rich and poor of their goods, and oppressing them, and all this much more by the prompting of his wife. Going into Ulster he suffered great loss from Mac Cartan in the pass of Emer- dullam, having lost his clothes, his money, his vessels of silver, and some of his horses, he also lost some of his men, yet by the help of the men of Uriel he at last made his escape into Ulster.
1345. A Parliament at Dublin, to which Maurice Earl of Desmond did not come. After St. John Baptist's day (June 24), Ralph Ufford, with the king's standard, without the consent of the lords, goes into Munster against the earl, where he seized his lands and leased them for a yearly rent to different persons ; from thence he wrote two letters to Sir William Burton, one to be given to Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Kildare, in which he ordered and besought him to come without delay with an army to his help ; the other to the aforesaid Wil- liam, in which he ordered him to arrest the earl, and deliver him into custody. William, while the earl is preparing his army, persuades him first to go to the council in Dublin, that supported by their authority he might go with greater safety, and his possessions in the meanwhile remain in safety ; but when he came there, he is apprehended by William, in the very senate, and is shut up in prison.
Meanwhile
Edward's army at Crecy there were 6000 ' Gulielmo Burton. — William de Burton
Irish footmen. was at this time one of the Remembrancers of
k Cum vexillo Regis. — Besides the king's the Exchequer. — Rot. Cl. 17 et 18 Ed. III. 54. banner the several counties and towns and m In ipso senatu. — Ipso in Scaccario. — great lands had their separate banners or Pemb. The Earl of Desmond, who was sub- guidons, some of the barons had hereditary sequently arrested, probably composed the fol- standard bearers, thus, the Halfpennys were lowing quaint and plaintive verses mentioned hereditary standard bearers to the Flemings, in a MS. as the " Proverbia Comitis Desmo- Barons of Slane, until they lost that office by nie" :
cowardice at the battle of Bellahoe (Stany- Soule su simple e saunz solas,
hurst in Holinshed, p. 311). Amongst the Seignury me somount sojorner,
rules proposed by Baron Finglas for the Hos- Si suppris sei de moune solas,
tings is, " Item — that no banner ne guidon be Sages se deit soul solacer.
rered ne displaid in the field, but souche as Soule ne solai sojorner,
shall be appointed by the Deputy, and that the No solein estre de petit solas
seyd Deputie suffer but few banners ne guidons Sovereyn se est de se solacer
to be rered with him in the field." Que se sent soule e saunz solas.
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. T
apprehend! tur et career! includitur. Justitiarius interim per Kernigiam in Oconul11 proficissitur, duoque castra comitis per insidias capit, videlicet Uniskisli0 et cas- trum de Insulap, in hoc autem capti Eustatius Poeri, Gulielmus Graunf, et D. Joannes Totel8 suspenduntur. Comes ipse cum suis exulat*. Justic. Kilmainam ad uxorem pregnantem rediit. Multas injurias tarn in ecclesiasticos quam laicos fecit ; omnes autem fidejussoresu comitis Dessemonie possessionibus privavit, quo- rum nomina sunt Willelmus de Burgo comes Ultonia3, Jacobus Butler comes Ormonia3, D. Ricardus Cuit, D. Nicholaus Verdon, Dominus Mauritius de Rupe Forti, D.Eustatius Poor, D.Geraldus de Rupe Forti, D. Joannes fitz Roberti Poer, D. Robertus Barry, D. Mauritius fitz Geraldi, D. Joannes Wolslei, D. Walterus Lefant, D. Rogerus le Poer, D. Matheus fitz Henrici, Dominus Ricardus Wallesv D. Edmundus de Burgo, filius comitis Ultonioi, David de Barri, Gulielmus fitz Geraldi, Fulco de Fraxinis, Robertus fitz Mauritii, Henricus Barkley, Johannes fitz Georgii de Rupe, Thomas Leis de Burgo ; tametsi in hoc ipso bello nonnulli eorum suis impensis eum adjuvarant ; eorumque corpora regis voluntati submisit, exceptis 4. solumodo, id est, Gulielmo de Burgo, comite Ultonise, Jacobo de
Butler, comite Ormonia?
1346.
Art. 43, in Croker's Songs of Ireland, p. 287. Quoted from the Harleian Catalogue, No. 913. n Oconul. — The barony of Connelloe, in County Limerick. On the 8th of August, 1346, John Morris was appointed seneschall of the king's lands in Clonmell, le Dees (De- cies), Dongarvan, Kylmanwhyn, and Kylsy- lan, formerly belonging to the Earl of Des- mond, and also keeper of the castles of Don- garvan and Kylmanwhyne, with power to remove the constables, bailiffs, and other offi- cers, and to appoint others, receiving as his fee £40 a year. — Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. III. 32. On the 19th of August, Sir Maurice Fitz David and Sir William Stakepoll were ap- pointed keepers of the peace in the county of Kerry and the town of Traly, and on the 20th of August, Thomas Fitz John, of the Glynn, and John Fitz David, were appointed to the
same office in the parts of O'Conyl, in the County Limerick, with power to assess and to array men for the defence of the marches, levying for every man at arms 12rf., for every hobellar Gd., and for every footman '2d. adav. —Ibid. 29.
0 Uniskisli — Yniskisty — Pemb. Iniskilly.
— Cox. Inskyfty, Inskysty, and Inskefti
Rot. Can.
p De Insula. — Castle Island, one of the castles of the Earl Marshall. — See page 30, note r.
q Eustatins Poer. — The three knights were hanged — Pemb. Sir Eustace Power was son of Arnold Power and succeeded John Birming- ham, Earl of Louth, in the manor of Ardee (Rot. Cl. 32 Ed. III. 76) in right of his wife Matilda, the earl's daughter and coheiress — Archdall's Peerage, Louth. He forfeited
139
Meanwhile the Justiciary goes through Kerry to O'Conyl, and takes two of the earl's castles by treachery, to wit, Iniskisty and Castle Island, in which last Eus- tace Poer, William Graunt, and Sir John Cotrell, were taken and hanged. The earl with his men leaves the country. The Justiciary returned to Kilmainham to his wife, who was pregnant. Many injuries did he both to churchmen and laymen ; but he deprived of their possessions all the bailsmen of the Earl of Desmond, whose names are William de Burgh Earl of Ulster, James Butler Earl of Ormonde, Sir Richard Tuit, Sir Nicholas Verdon, Sir Maurice Roch- fort, Sir Eustace Poer, Sir Gerald Rochfort, Sir John Fitz Robert Poer, Sir Robert Barry, Sir Maurice Eitz Gerald, Sir John Wellesley, Sir Walter 1'Enfant, Sir Roger le Poer, Sir Matthew Fitz Henry, Sir Richard Wallis, Sir Edmund de Burgh, son of the Earl of Ulster, David de Barry, William Fitz Gerald, Fulk de Freigne, Robert Fitz Maurice, Henry Barkley, John Fitz George de Roche, Thomas Leis de Burgh ; although in this war some of them had assisted him at their own expense ; and he submitted their bodies to the king's will, with the exception of four only, that is of William de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, and
James de Butler, Earl of Ormonde
1346.
Kilmoghode, or Kilmehide, in the County Carlow, near Athy, and the manors of Doun- bryn and Grenagh, in Kilkenny — Rot. Pat. 19 et 20 Ed. III. 63 ; 32 Ed. III. 96 ; 49 Ed. III. 50. He also forfeited the great pos- sessions about Kells in Ossory, afterwards granted to Sir Walter Birmingham.
r Gulielmus Graunt — On the 9th of Aug., 1346, Fulco de la Fi-eigne had a grant of all the lands and tenements forfeited by William le Graunt in the counties of Kilkenny and Waterford, and valued at £20 a year, in dis- charge of the £40 a year or £20 in lands (20 libratarum terrae), which Ralph de Ufford, late Justiciary, had covenanted to give him for his assistance in peace and war. — Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. III. 105.
s Joannes Totel — Dominus Johannes Cot- terell — Pemb.
T
' Exulat May 12, 1346, Walter de Ber-
myngham, Justiciary, had license to pardon all rebels, whether English or Irish, except Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Desmond, Thomas le Filz, Philip le Neveu, and Walter de Maundeville, knights. This power was to last for a year, if in the meantime the king did not go to Ireland in person — Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. III. 7, 8.
" Fidejussores — These were the nobles who had become bailsmen or mairipernours (see Blackston, vol. iii. p. 128) for the Earl of Des- mond, in 1333, in which year William Earl of Ulster was murdered.
v Ricardus Walles, — Richardus le Wallis Miles — Pemb. Le Waleys (Rot. Can.) now Walsh. Pembridge says, that there were twenty-six mainpernours, but names only twenty-five, omitting Sir Nicholas Verdon,
140
1 346. Dominica ramorum, id est 9. Aprilis, moritur Robertus Ufford Justicia- rius cum omnium sumo gaudio publico et applausu. Statim mutatur in melius celi conditio, fitque tempus serenum ; corpus ejus plumbo inclusum in Angliam ab uxore humandum defertur. Quae 2° die Maii (cum eodem die ante annum trium- phans ingressa cum viro civitatem esset) cum sumo merore, et vulgi clamore i'ugiens cum cadavere exivit, quod prodigii loco notatum est. Dominus Rogerus Darcy in tempus Justit. a consiliariis fit. In Aprili castrum de Ley et Kunehedw incenduntur ab Hibernis. 15 Maii venit Justit. D. Johannes Mauritii. 23 Maii comes Kildariaa inventis fidejussoribus 24 e carcere dimittitur. In Junio 300 ad minus Angli Urgali trucidati sunt ab Ultoniis. Johannes Mauritius privatur officio in Junio, et fit Justiciarius D. Gwalterus Birmingham. Concessae indu- ciasx comiti Dessemonie, is igitur cum uxore a Yoghell in Angliam solvit, ubijus suum contra Radulfum Ufford prosequitur, a rege (ex quo ingressus est Angliay), in expensas 20*. singulis diebus concessi sunt. Darcius Justiciariusz cum comite Kildarias O'Morda invadant, qui castra de Ley et Kilnehed combusserat, quern se submittere coegerunt, tamen resisterit obnixe.
I347-
Justiciary, and the Chancellor and Treasurer.
y Anglia. — The Earl of Desmond remained in the custody of William Trussel, of Cubles- don, until February 18, 1348, on which day he was liberated; Ralph Lord Stafford, Tho- mas de Berkele, Richard Talbot, and Regi- nald de Cobham, being his bailsmen. — Ry- mer, vol. iii. p. 154.
z Darcius Justiciarius Dominus Walte-
rus de Bermingham, Justitiarius Hiberniae.- — Pemb. Birmingham was appointed Justiciary 10th May, 1346, and entered into office June
and adding Sir Henry Traharn, Sir Roger de la Rokell, and Sir John L'Enfant. Only eighteen names are given in Rymer, vol. iii. p. 306, all of whom, except Sir William Wel- lesley, are mentioned in Pembridge.
w Kunched. — Kylmehede. — Pemb.
K ConcesscE inducice. — Sir Thomas de Ber- kele, Sir Reginald de Cobham, and Sir Mau- rice de Berkele were mainpernours for the Earl of Desmond and the Earl of Kildare, and the Justiciary had orders on the 20th of July to send the earls into England " de ester a la lei, et de faire et de receivre ceo que droit et lei voet en celle partie ;" if the earls were unwilling to go to England they were to be tried in Ireland according to the common law of the land. At that time no definite settle- ment was made regarding the lands of the Earl of Desmond. — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 86. These more lenient measures seem to have been recommended by Sir John Morris, then
29 — Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. III. 5, 6. Besides his fee of £500, which was to be paid quarterly, he was to have ten men at arms and fifty archers at the king's pay. — Ibid. 63.
a O'Mord. — O'Morda — Pemb. On the Plea Roll of 21 Ed. III. is the following entry, " Quia, Prelati, Cleri, viri religiosi, et commu- nitatea cnritatis (comitatuum?) concesserunt Domino Regi quoddam subsidiumadresisten-
1346- On Palm Sunday, April pth, Robert Ufford, Justiciary, dies, to the greatest public joy and applause of all men. The weather instantly changes and becomes fine ; his body, enclosed in lead, is carried by his wife to be buried in England. On the 2nd day of May (on which day in the year before she en- tered the city in triumph with her husband) she and her attendants fled out of it with his corpse, with sorrow, and amidst the clamour of the people ; which thing was noted as a prodigy. Sir Roger Darcy is appointed Justiciary for a time by the council. The castles of Ley and of Kilmehede are burned in April by the Irish. On the 15th of May Sir John Moris comes Justiciary. On the 23rd of May the Earl of Kildare is released from prison, having found twenty -four bailsmen. In June, three hundred at least of the English of Uriel are slaughtered by the Ulster men. John Moris is deprived of his office in June, and Sir Walter Birmingham is made Justiciary. A truce is granted to the Earl of Desmond ; he therefore sails from Youghal with his wife to England, where he prosecutes his complaint against Ralph Ufford ; he was allowed by the king (from the time when he entered England) twenty shillings every day for his expenses. Darcy, Justiciary, and the Earl of Kildare, invade O'More, who had burned the castles of Ley and Kilmehede, and compelled him to submit, although he resisted obstinately.
dum maliciae O'Morth et aliorum Hibernico- at Kilkenny, on the Quindisme of Michaelmas
rum felonum Domini Regis, qui contra ipsum (12th October) 1346, which granted to the
Dominum Regem hostiliter de guerra insur- king a subsidy of 2s. out of every carucate of
rexerunt, viz. Cleri Midenses xl. lib. Commu- land, and 12rf. out of every half carucate ; and
nitas Comitatus Loueth xx. lib. Prebendarii ifaperson who had not half a carucate of land
Ecclesise S. Patricii Dublin xl. marc. Prior possessed 60s., he was to pay 1 2o(. Collectors
Hosp. S. Johannis Jerusalem in Hib. xl. marc. were appointed for this subsidy in the counties
Cleri Ossoriens. Dioc. xx. lib. Cleri Dio. Fern- of Dublin and Meath, the liberty of Trim,
ens. x. lib. Abbas Dom. B. Mariaede Baltin- the counties of Kildare, Carlow, Kilkenny,
glas, x. marc. &c." On the Roll of the Great Wexford, Waterford, Tipperary, Limerick,
Pipe, No. 58, is the account of William de Cork, and Kerry. This subsidy was oppos-
Epworth and William de Cogan, collectors ed by Ralph (Kelly), Archbishop of Cashel,
of this subsidy in Munster, by which it ap- who summoned an assembly of his suffragan
pears that the tot for Munster, including £9 bishops at Tipperary, where appeared Mau-
for the mills of the Castle of Dublin, was rice (Rochfort) Bishop of Limerick, Richard
£200 — Betham's Dignities, p. 294. (le Waleys) Bishop of Emly, and John (Ley-
It appears, that a parliament had been held nagh) Bishop of Lismore, who agreed on the
142
1347- Comes Kildarie cum baronibus et equitibus ad regem Caletumb obsi- dentem proficissitur, quse ei dedita est 4° Junii. DonaldusMac Murgh fitzDonaldi Arte de Murgli Rege Laginiae, 5° Julii a suis perinsidias occiditur. Mauritius fitz Thornse comes Kildariae a rege equestri honore decoratur, qui filiam D. Bartholomei de Burwasce in uxorem duxit. Nanaghc fitz [scilicet?] Nenagh oppidum cum regione adjacente in festum Sancti Stephani ab Hibernis vastatur.
[1348?]. Pestis maxima*1 in Hibernia, quse ante alias regiones pervaserat. Dominus Gwalterus Brimingham Just, in Angliam se contulit, relicto vicario fratre Johanne Archer priore de Kilmainam ; revertitur eodem anno ; cui rex dederat Baroniam de Kenles6, que est in Ossoria, quare adjuvaverat Radulfum Upford adversus comitem Dessemoniaa, magnis expensis. Hec baronia fuerat Kustatii Power qui in castro de Hand suspensus est.
1349. Gualterus Brimingham optimus Justi. cessit magistratui, cui successit Dominus de Carew, eques et Baro.
1350. D. Thomas Rokeby fit Just. Obiit Gualterus Brimingham, quondam optimus Justitiarius, in Anglia.
7th of January, 1347, that all beneficed clergy- men contributing to the subsidy should be ipso facto deprived of their benefices, and ren- dered incapable of obtaining promotion within the province ; that their lay tenants contribu- ting should be excommunicated, and their children, to the third generation, rendered incapable of holding any Church preferment within the province. In consequence of these decrees the archbishop and the bishops came to Clonmel, and on Thursday after the Puri- fication, February 9, in their pontifical robes, in the middle of the street, openly excommu- nicated all those who granted or advised said subsidy, and every one concerned in levying the same, and particularly William Epworth Clerk, the king's commissioner in the county of Tipperary. For this offence an informa- tion was exhibited against the archbishop, w,ho was sued for damages to the amount of £1000. The archbishop pleaded, that none
of the bishops of his province had granted any subsidy, and that by Magna Charta the Church was to be free, and all were to be ex- communicated who should infringe its liberties. He confessed that he had excommunicated all who were enemies to the king's peace, who should infringe the said statute, or levy any sub- sidy or tallage without the king's consent, but he traversed the excommunicating any one on ac- count of the said subsidy. As to Epworth, he said, he was a clerk beneficed in his province as Archdeacon of Cork, that he found him at Clonmel, and had cited him to appear before him at a certain day to answer articles relating to his soul, and that upon his refusal to appear he excommunicated him, but he denied that he had excommunicated him on accoimt of levy- ing the subsidy. The archbishop and the bishops were found guilty of the information, but there is no record of the payment of the damages. — Ibid. 292 ; and Harris' Ware's
1347. The Earl of Kildare, with barons and knights, goes to the king to the siege of Calais, which was surrendered to him on the 4th of June. Donald M'Morough, son of Donald Art M'Morough, King of Leinster, is treacherously killed by his own people on the 5th of July. Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Kildare, is knighted by the king, and marries the daughter of Sir Bartholomew Burghersh. Nanagh, that is the town of Nenagh with the adjacent country, is plundered by the Irish on St. Stephen's day.
i348[?J. Very great pestilence in Ireland, which had before gone through other countries. Sir Walter Birmingham, Justiciary, went to England, having left as his deputy, Friar John L' Archer, Prior of Kilmainham ; he returns the same year ; the king had given him the barony of Kells in Ossory, because he had assisted, at great expense, Ralph UfFord against the Earl of Desmond. This barony had belonged to Eustace Power, who was hanged at Castle Island.
1349. Walter Birmingham, a most excellent Justiciary, gave up his office, he was succeeded by Lord de Carew, Knight and Baron.
1350. Sir Thomas Rokeby is made Justiciary. Walter Birmingham, some time most excellent Justiciary, died in England.
Bps., p. 478. The opposition in Munster to this subsidy must have shown itself before January, 1347; as on December 12, 1346, William de Epworth and William Cogan, re- ceivers of the subsidy, were appointed to as- certain the names of the persons who were impeding, in the counties of Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford, the col- lection of the subsidy granted by the com- munity of Ireland at the last treaty (ultimo
tractatu) at Kilkenny Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. III.
81.
b Caletum — Pembridge says, that Walter Bonevile, William Calfe, and William Weles- ley, died of sickness at the siege of Calais. On the 26th of January, Lionel, Earl of Ul- ster, then custos of the kingdom, summoned the Earl of Kildare to be ready at London by the next Easter to go abroad to the king
with thirty men at arms and forty hobelars, and the Treasurer of Ireland was directed to pay for their passage and their reasonable expenses. — Rymer, vol.iii. p. 103.
c Nanagh Monaghan quse vocatur Mo-
naghan. — Pemb.
d Pest is maxima — This pestilence lasted in England from the 31st of May to the 29th of September, 1349. — Sir H. Nicolas's Chrono- logy of Hist., p. 345. Walsingham says, that in some religious houses of twenty members only two survived ; that the pestilence was fol- lowed by a mortality of animals, and a fall of rents ; that the land was left untilled from the want of labourers ; and that such misery ensued, that the world was never able to recover its foirner state. Walsingham died about 1440.
e Baroniam de Kenles. — This grant was made to Walter de Bermyngham October
i44
i352-f 1). Robertus Savage' inceperat condere in Ultonia varia castra, filio- que dixit hoc modo se sibi et posteris adversus Hibernorum incursus servaturum, cui respondit Henricus filius, " ubicumque sint viri fortes, ibi est castrum, et in eo filii Israeli11 castra metati sunt, ero semper inter fortes et sic in castro. I had rather, quoth he, have a castle of bones then of stones." Quibus rebus pater deter- ritus ab opere incepto desistens, in familiam convertit sumptus, posteros suos hoc ipsura lucturos, quod et accidit1, quippe nam paulo Hiberni universam re- gionem vastarunt, quia castris nuda fuit. Rockeby cessat ab officio.
1355. Mauritius fitz Thome^ comes Dessemonie fit Just.k qui paulo post
moritur,
20th, 1346. It was in acquittance of a grant of £40 a year made by Ralph Uftbrd, for his ser- vices in peace and war, and it comprised one messuage, one haggard, a water mill, twocaru- cates and ninety acres of land, seven acres of meadow, a turbary, £3 11s. 8d. burgage rent, £7 16s. 5\d. of the freeholders, a right of all toll (tolnetum) in Kells, with the pleas and perquisites of the court there ; also 1 27 acres, 43s. burgage rents, a toll, a turbary, and the harvest labour (opera autumpnalia), in Dun- nymegan, with the pleas and perquisites of the courts, both within and without the same ; and 148 acres in Duyn, which were all valued at £39 19s. 9%d. a year — Rot. Pat. 20 Ed. III. 70. At this time Bermingham was Justiciary, and made this grant to himself.
f 1352 At 1351 Pembridge inserts the
death of Kenwrick Sherman, sometime mayor of Dublin ; he was buried under the belfry of the Friars Preachers, which he had built ; he had also glazed the window at the end of the choir and roofed the church. By his will, he left to the value of 3000 marcs, and left many legacies to the regular and secular clergy with- in twenty miles of Dublin. In noticing the wealth of Sherman, Campion observes, " with such plenty were our fathers blessed, that cheerefully gave of their true winnings to need-
ful purposes, whereas our time that gaineth excessively, and whineth at every farthing to be spent on the poore, is yet oppressed with scarcity and beggery." — Historic, p. 132. In 1351 it was ordered that there should be only two justices on the Bench of Common Pleas. The Chancellor of the Exchequer was ordered not to seal any judicial writs when the Great Seal was within twenty miles of the Exche- quer, and the Justiciary was restrained from pardoning felonies without the consent of the
Chancellor and the Treasurer Rymer, vol.
iii. pp.216, 217- The Barons of the Exchequer seem to have been desirous of bringing cases into their court; in 1356 they were ordered not to entertain in the Exchequer any com- mon pleas, except such as related directly to the king, or to some officer of the court. — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 339.
* Robertus Savage. — In 1335 and 1345 Robert le Sauvage was seneschal of Ulster at a salary of £10 a year.- Rot. Cl. 8 Ed. III. 56; 17 et 18 Ed. III. 56. Robin, son of Wil- liam Salvage, was one of the hostages for John de Courcy in 1204, and we have seen that the Savages were one of the great Ulster families during the invasion of Edward Bruce.
hTneo filii Israeli — This is rather obscure : it seems that Henry Savage considered the
1352. Sir Robert Savage had began to build various castles in Ulster, and said to his son that in this way he should save it for himself and his children from the attacks of the Irish ; his son Henry answered him, " wherever there are brave men there is a castle, according to the saying, and there the children of Israel pitched their camp, I shall ever be amongst the brave, and therefore in a castle. I had rather, quoth he, have a castle of bones than of stones." Being thus deterred, his father, stopping the work he had began, spent his substance in housekeeping, saying that his children would be sorry for it ; which came to pass, for shortly after the Irish wasted the whole country, because it was bare of castles. Rokeby gave up his office.
1355. Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Desmond, is made Justiciary, who dies
shortly
biblical expression " castrametari" as equiva- lent to build a castle, and, as it was applied to the temporary encampments of the Israelites, that it implied, on the part of the inspired wri- ters, that wherever the men rested there they made a castle. At the present day the common place reference for the sentiment would be to the words of Alcseus.
ov \i6oi ovSe %v\a, ovSs
Tl%VT] TlKTOVdlV a'l TToXtlQ IKSIV
a\V OTTOV TTOT' av ojffiv avrovg (Twdfiv fiooTtc
1 Quod et occidit Spenser says, "of the
Lord Savage there remaineth yet an heire, that is now a poore gentleman of very meane condition yet dwelling in the Ardes."
J Mauritius fitz Thomce On the 13th of
May, the Earl of Desmond had letters of pro- tection and de non gravando, with a clause that all charges against him should be tried
in England before the king and his council
Rymer, vol. iii. p. 300. On the 8th of July he was appointed Justiciary, and two days afterwards the lands of his bailsmen, which had been seized in the time of Ralph Ufford,
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3.
were restored, because that the earl had sur- rendered himself in England, and had been long detained in custody, and because all the processes against him in Ireland had been an- nulled and declared erroneous by the king and his court in England — Ibid. p. 306. On the 30th of August the king ordered that full jus- tice should be done according to the law and custom of England and of his land of Ireland, to all persons suing for lands and tenements seized into the king's hands ; and that at the suit of any person complaining of error in any record or process, the rolls of the said record and process should be recited and examined in parliament before the Justiciary or officer be- fore whom the record was taken, and the errors, if any, corrected. — Ibid. p. 312. Desmond assumed the government July 26. — Pemb. In the year 1335 the council in England having ordered that sheriffs should be elected every year in each county, who were to be eschea- tors in the same, the names of the sheriffs so elected in Ireland, and of their securities, who were the principal gentry in several counties, are given in Rot. Pat. 29 Ed. III. 65, 80, 90. k Just — On the 30th March, 1356, Mau-
u
146
moritur, vir bonus est Justus qui suos etiam consanguineos ob furta suspendit et Hibernos bene castigavit.
1356. Thomas Rokby 2° fit Just, vir Justus et prudens, qui dicere solebat1 se
velle
rice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Kildare, was ap- pointed Justiciary — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 326. On the 26th of July, Thomas de Rokeby, who had been appointed Justiciary, was on his way to Ireland, as it would seem, with a considera- ble number of followers. There were two Thomas Rokebys, distinguished from each other as 1' Uncle and le Neveu — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 332. On the 20th of April, in conse- quence of the invasion threatened by the Lein- ster rebels with the aid of a great multitude of other Irish, a royal hosting (regale ser- vicium) at Newcastle M'Kynegan was pro- claimed through all Ireland, and the sheriffs of Dublin, Meath, Wexford, Connaught, Ros- common, Louth, Waterford, the Cross of Ulster, Kildare, Limerick, the Cross of Kil- kenny, Carlow, Cork, the Cross of Tipperary, and the Cross of Kerry, and the seneschals of the liberties of Kerry, Ulster, Tipperary, Meath, and Kilkenny, were ordered to pro- claim it in their several bailiwicks — Rot. Cl.
29 et 30 Ed. III. 16, 17. On the 16th of July, Thomas (Giffard), Bishop of Kildare, was ordered no longer to delay to denounce, as publicly excommunicated, the Conghors and Dymsys, who, with banners displayed, were violating the peace of the Church and of the king, by invading the county of Kildare within the bishop's jurisdiction; and who had there- by according to the canons and the provincial constitutions incurred, ipso facto, the sentence of greater excommunication — Rot. Cl. 29 et
30 Ed. III. 134.
1 Dicere solebat. — It was not always easy
for Rokeby to keep this resolution of paying in money ; when he was Justiciary he was obliged to borrow " in magna necessitate pro commodo Regis et maintenencia pacis," £73 6s. Sd. from Nicholas, Bishop of Meath. —Rot. Cl. 32 Ed. III. 31. On the 12th of September, the king, probably at the sugges- tion of Rokeby, issued a writ to the Justiciary and Chancellor on the subject of the exac- tions, which were afterwards called coyn and livery. In this writ he states that he had pre- viously sent statutes and ordinances into Ire- land forbidding his purveyors and those of the nobles, to take provisions from the subjects except under a certain form and at a certain price, and that he has learned " ex insinua- tione populi lacrimosa,"that the purveyors of the Justiciary, and other officers, are in the habit of taking and carrying off without price or tally, as well in churches and church fees, as elsewhere, and chiefly from the poor, oxen, cows, sheep, pigs, capons, hens, chickens, fish, wheat, barley, oats, straw, and litter, against the will of the people, commonly without giving any price or tally, or at most scarcely a third part of the real value ; and that, by this extortion, from which the rich, who made pre- sents to the officers, were saved, and the poor were oppressed, the people of the whole land were reduced to such poverty that they could not maintain their former condition, or pay their debts to the king, but were compelled to go about begging, to the ruin of the country. The king, therefore, ordered that the before- mentioned statutes and ordinances should be
147
shortly afterwards ; he was a good man and just, who hanged even his own rela- tions for theft, and well chastised the Irish.
1356. Thomas Rokeby is made Justiciary the second time, a just and prudent
publicly proclaimed in every county, as well within the liberties as without, and in cities, boroughs, and market towns, and that com- missions should be issued under the Great Seal for the punishment of all delinquents. He also ordered that all commissions to purvey- ors should be sealed with the Great Seal alone, and that nothing whatever should be taken under the Seal of the Justiciary or any other officer ; and he declares that he will punish any Justiciary or other officer, purveyor, &c., who will act contrary to this writ — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 340. The nature and consequences of these exactions are noticed in the preamble of a Statute which shows that the king's officers were not the only offenders in this case, (10 Hen. VII. c. 4, not printed,) which states, " that of long time there hath been used and exacted by the lords and gentlemen of this land, many and divers damnable customs and usages, which being called coin and livery and pay, that is horse meat and man's meat for the finding of their horsemen and footmen, and over that, 4d. or Qd. daily to every of them, to be had and paid of the poor earth-tillers and tenants without anything doing or paying therefor. Besides many murders, robberies, rapes, and other manifold oppressions by the said horsemen and footmen daily and nightly committed and done, which have been the principal causes of the desolation and destruc- tion of the said land, so as the most part of the English freeholders and tenants be de- parted out of the land, some into the realm of England, and other some to other strange
u
man,
lands, whereupon the foresaid lords and gen- tlemen of this land have intruded into the said freeholders and tenants' inheritances, and the same keepeth as their own, and set- teth under them in the same land the king's Irish enemies, to the diminishing of Holy Church's rites, the desertion of the king and his obedient subjects, and the utter ruin and desolation of the land." — Davis' Discovery, pp. 143, 144; see also cc. xviii and xix, 10 Hen. VII. in printed Statute.
In Baron Finglas's Breviate it is proposed that if the deputy draw any Irishman to any hosting they have livery the night going and another coming, and that at such coin and livery every chief horse have twelve sheaves of oats, and every hackeney or other bearing horse eight sheaves, and that there be but one boy to a horse. " Item — that all souche soo livered shall take souche meat and drink as the husbandman haith, so that that be compe- tent meat and drinke, and if they will not re- ceive such meat and drinke as they find, then every horseman to have a meal but Id. every galloglass, kearn, and boy oone penny, and if it be flesh daye to have but oone manner of flesh sodden, without anie rost, and but bread and butter, and alsoo boys and footemen, except Sondayes." He also proposed, that there should be no herbenger within the four shires, except the king's, and that he seal no bill but such as shall be sealed with the sign of the horse-head. — Har. Hibernica, pp. 93, 94. Was the Herbenger 's seal of the horse's head the origin of the sign of the nag's head ?
148
velle comedere et bibere de vasis ligneis, et expendere aurum et argentum in victu et vestitu et stipendariis. Obiit eodem anno in castro de Kilka.
1357. Almaricus de S. Amando™ Justic. Magna controversia inter Ricardum fitz Rowe arcliiepiscopum Armacanum, et fratres mendicantes, qui tandem vice- runt per papam.
1358. Almaricus Just, in Angliam" proficissitur.
1359. Jacobus Butler0 comes Ormonise factus Justitiarius.
1360
m Almaricus de S. Amanda — Was appoint- ed Justiciary July 14, 1357 — Ryraer, vol. iii. p. 361. And on August 30, Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Kildare, was appointed his locum tenens until his arrival — Ibid. p. 368. On the 9th of February, 1358 ; the Earl of Kildare had an order for £26 Os. 6±d. for his arrears for nineteen days. — Rot. Cl. 32 Ed. III. 9. In 1358, Sir Almaric de St. Amand certified to the king that Malatesta Ungarus de Arminio, miles, and Nicholaus de Beccariis de Ferraria, Domicellus, had visited St. Patrick's Purgatory in Ireland, and had remained shut up in it for a day and night, and had rightly and even courageously per- formed their pilgrimage, in testimony whereof the king gave them letters under his royal seal, dated October 24 — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 408.
n In Angliam In this year there was or- dinance made (communi consilio terrae Hiber- niae) that no lord or other person should leave the country without special license from the king, except merchants living altogether of their merchandize; in consequence of this ordinance the Earl of Kildare was forbid- den to leave Ireland — Rot. Cl. 32 Ed. III. •2 pars. 20. On the 8th of May, orders were given that no one should furnish horses, ar- mour, or victuals to Art Kevenagh M'Murgh and Donenald Revagh, who with others of
their sept (de Iraghto suo) had made insur- rection in Leinster. — Ibid. 34.
At this time M'Brene de Nathirlagh [Mac Brien of Aherlagh] was in rebellion on the mar- ches of Limerick Rot. Pat. 32 Ed. III. 10.
The counties of Cork and Waterford granted a subsidy of 2.9. on every carucate of tilled land, — 1, 15. Kildare and Dublin also were assessed voluntarily for the pay of soldiers, — 35, 55. The subsidy of Kildare, asordered to be levied November 16 in the barony of Kilcullen, was for every carucate of tilled land a crannock of wheat, a crannock of oats, and a fat cow, — 58. As in 1373, a crannock of wheat in Meath was worth 8s., and a crannock of oats 5s. — Ry- mer, vol. iii. p. 977- This assessment seems to have far exceeded 40d. a carucate. The Earl and County of Kildare also supplied the pay for twenty-four men at arms with armed horses at 8d., two hundred hobelarsat 4d., and four hundred foot at lirf. per diem for a fortnight, or as long as the war should last, this pay to be raised by a cess of 40d. on every carucate of tilled land, and 4Qd. on chattels to the value of £6, to be paid weekly in money or provisions reasonably priced, every person to pay or to serve in person. — Rot. Pat. 32 Ed. III. 92. As a carucate contained 120 acres, it would appear from this entry that land in Kildare was then valued at Is. the acre.
149
man, who used to say that he had rather eat and drink out of wooden vessels, and spend gold and silver on food and clothing and hired soldiers. He died the same year in the Castle of Kilka.
1357. Almaric de St. Amand, Justiciary. A great controversy between Richard Fitz Ralph, Archbishop of Armagh, and the mendicant friars, who at last prevailed through the Pope.
1358. Almaric, the Justiciary, goes to England.
1359. James Butler, Earl of Ormonde, is made Justiciary.
1360.
This assessment, which was to be paid by the said county as long as the war should last, was ordered to be levied August 3rd, but peace having been made with the assent of the county of Kildare and the county of Carlow, the sheriff of Kildare was ordered, on August 12th, not to proceed to levy said pay — Rot. Cl. 32 Ed. III. 2" pars. 57- The Earl of Kil- dare, according to agreement, was paid 60.?. by the county of Carlow for preventing the O' Mores from burning the town of Killaban. — Ibid. 64. On the 22nd August, William Vale, sheriff of Carlow, who had lost all his goods and chattels and friends and relations in re- pulsing the O'Nolans, when the confedera- ted Irish were burning the towns and the corn fields, and carrying off every thing without re- sistance, and who had killed Donald Tagsone O' Nolan, and many other of their captains, and had brought their heads to the Castle of Dublin by the king's order, when he could have had great ransom for delivering them elsewhere, had an order for £30. — Ibid. 113; Rot. Pat. 32 Ed. III. 57.
On the 9th of November, Thomas de Staf- ford, sergeant-at-arms, had an order for 8"'. for a horse which he had lost in attendance upon the Justiciary in a raid (equitantis) upon the M'Murghs and O'Morthes of Slemargy;
and on the 9th of October Thomas de Baa, Esquire (valetto), of Almaric de St. Amand, Justiciary, had an order for £\0 for a horse
lost in like manner Rot. Cl. 32 Ed. III.
1 pars. 9, 10.
0 Jacobus Butler — He was appointed Jus- ticiary February 16, 1359 — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 419. On the 20th of July the king issued a writ ordering the marriage of the earl's daughter with Gerald, brother of Maurice Fitz Maurice, Earl of Desmond, to whom, by reason of the death of his elder brother Mau- rice, and of the idiocy of his eldest brother Nicholas, the king ordered the livery of all his lands, he undertaking to supply his brother Nicholas with food, clothing, and other neces- saries.— Ibid. 433. Of the same date there is a writ thereupon ordering that the plea rolls should be in the keeping of the justices, and that no judicial writs should issue unless tested by the chief justice. — Ibid. At the same time all proprietors on the marches were ordered to reside under penalty of forfeiture of their lands, and all commissioners for the recovery of the king's debts who had not accounted, were ordered to be seized and imprisoned. Officers indicted for felony were to be re- moved, and as persons who had been indicted had murdered those who had indicted them,
i5o
1360. Obiit Magister Ricardus fitz Radulpni Archiepiscopus Armachanus in Ammochiap. Item obiit dominus Robertus Savage : qui cum paucis Anglis occiderat uno die 3000 Hibernorum, in antro quodamq, dederat autem antea unicuique militi vini bonum haustum : paraveratque splendidissima convivia in reditum suorum. Hie mensam semper splendidissimam servavit, sepultus estin conventu predicatorum de Culrath intra Banum fluvium. Comes Ormonias Just, in Angliam proficissitur ; ejus vicarius reliquitur Mauritius fitz Thomas comes Kildariae.
1361. Leonellus comes Ultonias jure hereditario uxoris suae et frater regis venit Just: in oct: Mariaa nativit. cum uxore Elizabetha. Dominus Gualterus Brimingham Junior obiit in die S. Laurentii, qui patrimonium divisit sororibus suis, quarum una accepit Preston. Leonellus priinum bellum habuit cum Obrine, in quo publico indicto prohibuit Hibernicumr aliquem appropinquare exercitui suo, et inde statim interfecti sunt 100 de suis stipendariis8, quo motus
Hibernos
and afterwards obtained charters of pardon, so that all persons were afraid to indict crimi- nals, all pardons so granted under the Great Seal of Ireland were cancelled, and all granted under the Great Seal of England, if there were any such, were immediately to be certi- fied to the king. These were unobjectiona- ble ordinances ; but, notwithstanding the evil consequences of reposing trust in M'Murgh and O'More, it would be difficult to justify the following proclamation, " Quod nullus mere Hibernicus de natione Hibernicana ex- istens, fiat Major, balivus, janitor aut alius officiarius seu minister in aliquo loco nobis subjecto," and that no Irishman, as aforesaid, should be admitted to any ecclesiastic benefice. — Ibid. The Earl of Ormonde had an order for £200. The Archbishop of Dublin (John de St. Paul) is joined with the Justiciary, as his counsellor in many of these writs.
On the 18th of March a writ issued, sum- moning the bishops, lords, knights, and citi-
zens of Leinster, to a council to be held at Dublin on the Monday before the Feast of St. Ambrose (April 3) ; and the bishops, lords, knights, and citizens, on the same day at Wa- terford ; the Sheriff of Kildare and the Senes- chal of the liberty of Kilkenny were ordered to send to Waterford two persons who were named, vel alios proceres. — Rot. Cl. 33 Ed. III. 21, 25. The cause of summoning this council seems to have been the insurrection of Art' Kavanagh, who having been made the M'Murgh by the king, had turned traitor. — Ibid. 29. The council granted a subsidy in Waterford, Cork, Limerick, and probably in the other southern counties, who were also taxed for the expenses of messengers sent to England by a parliament held in Kilkenny, 40d. on every carucate of tilled land, and 6d. on every pound from those who had only chat- tels ; Meath gave only 2s. on the carucate. — Ibid. 112 ; the county of Louth granted £20. — Ibid. 32, 41. Adam Gernoun and Henry
1360. Master Richard Fitz Ralph, Archbishop of Armagh, died in Avignion, likewise died Sir Robert Savage, who with a few English had killed in one day three thousand Irish near Antrim ; but he had before given every soldier a good drink of wine, and had prepared a splendid feast against their return ; he always kept a most splendid table ; he was buried in the convent of the Friars Preachers of Coleraine, on the River Bann. The Earl of Ormonde, the Justiciary, goes to England ; Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Kildare, is left as his deputy.
1361. Lionel, Earl of Ulster by the hereditary right of his wife, and son of the king, came as Justiciary on the Octaves of the Nativity of Mary, with his wife Elizabeth. Sir Walter Birmingham, the younger, died on St. Laurence's day. He divided his patrimony amongst his sisters, one of whom took Preston. Lionel first had a war with O'Byrne, in which by a public proclamation he for- bade any of Irish birth to come near his army ; and upon this there are slain im- mediately one hundred of his hired soldiers, by which he was moved to oppose
perpetually
Heyward, who were elected burgesses for Drogheda, did not comply with the king's in- j unctions, and were therefore ordered to ap- pear before the Archbishop of Dublin, toge- ther with the mayor and seneschal and four other "de probioribus burgensibus" of the town. — Ibid. 42. Kilkenny and Wexford were also assessed for the war against O'Byrn. — Ibid. 99. The expedition of the Justiciary by M'Gilfatrik (Fitz Patrick of Queen's County), who was allowed £10 on the 8th of June. — Ibid. 67, was successful, and M'Murgh, O'Morth [Murphy] and Maurice Boy, were compelled to give hostages, who were placed in the custody of Adam de Grantham, constable of the Castle of Carlow. But notwithstand- ing this success the Justiciary was compelled on the 28th of July, to summon another coun- cil, to be held at Dublin on the Monday after the Feast of St. Peter ad vincula (August 7) " propter qua?dam urgentissima negocia pa- cem Hiberniae et prsecipue parcium Lageniae
concernentia." — Ibid. 72. These long ex- tracts from Rymer and the Chancery Rolls in some degree supply the deficiencies of Pern- bridge and Grace.
P In Ammochia. — In Hannonia xvi Decem- bris, as printed in Pembridge, but Ware says, that the MS. then in his possession had rightly, in Avignion. — Bishops, p. 83. Pembridge says, Archbishop Fitz Ralph's bones were brought by Stephen Bishop of Meath, to be buried in the church of St. Nicholas at Dun- dalk, where he was born, but that some doubt- ed whether they were or were not his bones.
1 1n antro quodam. — Juxta Antrim. — Pemb.
r Hibernicum, — Nullus nativus de Hiber- nia. — Pemb.
8 Stipendariis. — The roll of this army re- mains of record in the King's Remembrancer's Office in England, and does not contain above 1500 men by the poll. The Lord Lionel was general, and under him Ralph Earl of Stafford, James Earl of Ormonde, Sir John Carew
15*
Hibernos et Anglos* perpetuo conflixit cum Hibernis. Equitesu Robertum Pres- ton, Robertum Holiwod, Thomam Talbot, Gualterum Cusack, Jacobum de Lasid, Johannem de Fraxinis, Patricium et Robertum de Fraxinis et plures alios, tran- stulitv de Dublin ad Carlaghe, deditque 500 libras in muros eidem oppido edifi- candos. In festum S. Mauri ventus impetuosus.
1362^ Templum S. Patricii Dublinise igne Johannis Sextani arsit 8 idus Aprilis.
1364. Leonellusx in Angliam proficiscitur 22 Aprilis, relicto vicario comite Ormonise, rediitque 18 Decembris.
1365. Leonellus rediit in Angliam, relicto vicario, D. Thoma Dale.
1367. Incepit bellum inter les Briminghams de Carbery, et Midios ob latro-
Banneret, Sir William Winsor, and other knights ; the pay of the general upon his first arrival was but 6s. Sd. per diem for himself, for two knights 2s., for sixty-four squires 12rf. , for seventy archers 6d. ; but being shortly after created Duke of Clarence his pay was raised to 12s. 4d. (1 3s. 4d., Rymer, vol. iii. p. 732) a day for himself, for eight knights 2s., for 260 archers on horseback out of Lancashire 6d., and twenty-three archers out of Wales Id. a piece per diem.
The Earl of Stafford was allowed 6s. 8d. for himself, for a bannaret 4s., for seventeen knights 2s., for seventy-eight esquires I2d., for 100 archers on horseback 6d. a piece per diem. He had also the command of twenty- four archers out of Staffordshire, forty archers from Worcestershire, and six archers from Shropshire, at 4d. per diem. James Earl of Ormonde was allowed for himself 4s., for two knights 2s., for twenty-seven esquires 12^., for twenty hobelars armed 6d., and for twenty hobelars not armed 4d. — Davis' Discovery, pp. 23, 24. Great preparations had been made for this expedition. On the 15th of March, 1361 , the king issued a writ to all the proprie-
cmia
tors of lands or benefices in Ireland resident in England, declaring that because that the land of Ireland was almost totally lost to the Irish enemy on account of the weakness of the loyal subjects, arising from the absentee lords and others taking the profits of their lands, and doing nothing for their defence, and that he determined to send his son there with a great army, and summoning them to appear before him at Westminster to treat on the subject, and in the meantime ordering them to make ready men and arms. — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 609. (The names of the absentee proprie- tors there summoned are given in the Appen- dix). An aid was then granted by the absen- tees (Ibid. p. 704), both clergy and laymen, amounting to two years' profits, of all their lands and tithes — Davis' Disc., p. 26.
' Hibernos et Anglos. — " Suddenly, but no man wist how, an hundred of his principall souldiours in garrison were missed, whose dis- patch that seditious decree was thought to have procured, wherefore hee advised him- selfe and united the people, shewing alike fatherly care towards them all, and ever after prospered." — Campion, p. 135. The quarrel
'53
perpetually the Irish born and the English to the Irish. He made knights Robert Preston, Robert Holywood, Thomas Talbot, Walter Cusack, James De la Hide, John De la Freigne, Patrick and Robert De la Freigne, and many others ; he transferred the Exchequer from Dublin to Carlow, and gave £500 to build walls for that town. A great storm on the feast of St. Maur. (January 1 5th).
1362. The Church of St. Patrick of Dublin was burned by the fire of John Sexton, on the 8th Ides of April (April 6th).
1364. Lionel goes into England on the 22nd of April, leaving the Earl of Ormonde as his deputy, and returned the i8th of December.
1365. Lionel returned into England leaving Sir Thomas Dale as his de- puty.
1367 A war began between the Birminghams of Carberry and the men of
Meath,
between the English by birth and the English by descent, was not immediately appeased. On June 14, 1364, the king ordered procla- mation to be made "ne quis Anglicus, in Anglia vel in Hibernia natus" should make any dissension, reproach, or debate amongst them- selves under pain of fine and two years' im- prisonment— Rymer, vol. iii. p. 738.
"Equites. — Campion says, that these gentle- men then created knights were the worthiest then in chivalry, and that at his day they con- tinued in great worship. Robert Preston, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, was the founder in this country of the noble family of Gormanstown ; Holywood of Artane, Talbot of Malahide, Cusack of Killeen, De la Hyde of Moyclare, and De la Freigne of Kilkenny, Wicklow, and Meath, are names of frequent occurrence.
v Transtulit. — Transtulit Scaccarium de Dublinia ad Carlagh. — Pemb.
w 1362.— On the 10th of February the king issued a writ to Thomas de Furnyvall and the other absentee lords who had not attended to
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. X
his previous summons, stating that his son Lionel and his army in Ireland were in the greatest peril, and ordering them on their al- legiance to make ready so as to be in Ireland on the quindesme of Easter, and to appear at Westminster " ad loquendum et tractandum" on the Wednesday in the second week of Lent. — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 637.
* Leonellus. — Pembridge says, that he went into England Earl of Ulster and came back Duke of Clarence'. In 1363 all the issues and profits of Ireland, from whatever source, were appropriated to the maintenance of the war in the country. — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 714. February 13, 1364, the barons and other offi- cers of the Exchequer and the justices of the Common Pleas and other officers were re- moved, and were succeeded by persons whose names seem to be English. — Ibid. p. 7'21. In 1366, for which year there is no entry in Pem- bridge or in Grace, the Duke of Clarence held, to use the words of Sir Rich. Cox, " that re- nowned parliament at Kilkenny ; which made that famous Act, which is so often cited by the
'54
cinia Briminghams, igitur Robertus Preston posuit presidium in Castro de Car- beryy. Geraldus Mauricii2 comes Dessemonise fit Justitiarius.
1368. In Carberia post parliamentum quoddam inter Anglos et Hibernos, capiuntur a Briminghams et aliis, Frater Thomas Burleya prior de Kilmaynam, Cancellarius, Jo. fitz Richard vicecomes Midiae, D. Robertus Tirell, Baro de Castleknock, cum aliis permultis ; extemplo igitur Jacobus Brimingham qui in castro Trim tenebatur in manicis et compedibus liberatus pro Cancellario, ceteri autem precio solvuntur. Templum S. M. de Trimb arsit.
1369. Gulielmus de Winsore, vir fortis et strenuus, venit locum tenens do- mini regis 1 2 calendas Julii, cui cessit comes Dessemonise.
1370. Incepit 3a pestis que nobiles permultos, alios innumeros sustulit. Geraldus fitz Mauritii comes Dessemonise, Jo. f. Nicholai, et D. Thomas fitz Joannis, et alii multi nobiles in monasterio de Magiusc in comitatu Limerici, ab Obrene et Mac Marded de Thomonia 6° idus Julii capti sunt, et plures interfecti,
ea
name of the Statute of Kilkenny. The bishops of Dublin, Cashel, Tuam, Lismore, Water- ford, Killaloe, Ossory, Leighlin, and Cloyne, did fulminate an excommunication against the transgressors of that law. The lords and commons sat together at the making of it, and the Statute itself is in French, and to be seen at large in the library at Lambeth, libro D. but the effect of it is :
" That the brehon law is an evil custom, and that it be treason to use it. That marriage, nursing, and gossipping with the Irish be trea- son. That the use of Irish name, apparel, or language be punished with the loss of lands or imprisonment until the party give security to conform. That the English should not make war upon the Irish without order of the State. That the English should not permit the Irish to creaght or graze upon their land, nor pre- sent an Irishman to an ecclesiastical benefice, nor receive them into monasteries or religious houses, nor entertain any of their minstrels,
rhimers or news-tellers, nor cess horse or foot upon the English subject against his will, on pain of felony; and that sheriffs might enter any liberty or franchise to apprehend felons or traytors ; and that four wardens of the peace should be appointed in every county, equally to assess every man's proportion of the pub- lic charge for men and armour." — Cox Hib. Angl., p. 127.
y Castro de Carbery — Castle Carbery, in County Kildare, part of the inheritance of Margaret Birmingham, daughter of Sir Wal- ter Birmingham, and wife of Sir Robert Preston.
z Geraldus Mauricii His patent bears
date February 20th, 1367, on which day also Thomas le Reve, Bishop of Waterford and Lismore, was appointed Chancellor, and a writ issued pardoning all debts to the king in Ire- land previous to October 13, 1362. — Rymer, vol. Hi. p. 822.
1 Thomas Burley. — Thomas de Bur el e,
Meath, because of the robberies of the Birminghams, wherefore Robert Preston put a garrison in the Castle of Carberry. Gerald Fitz Maurice, Earl of Des- mond, is made Justiciary.
1368. In Carberry, after a parley between the English and the Irish, there are taken by the Birminghams and others, Friar Thomas Burley, Prior of Kil- mainham, Chancellor ; John Fitz Richard, Sheriff of Meath ; Sir Robert Tirrel, Baron of Castleknock ; with several more. Wherefore James Birmingham, who was held in Trim Castle in handcuffs and fetters, is immediately set at liberty in exchange for the Chancellor, the others are set free in ransom. The Church of S. Mary's of Trim was burned.
1369. William de Windsor, a brave and active man, came Lieutenant of our Lord the King on the I2th Calends of July (July 2ist), and the Earl of Des- mond resigned office to him.
1370. The third pestilence began, which carried off many nobles and others without number. Gerald Fitz Maurice, Earl of Desmond, John Fitz Nicholas and Sir Thomas Fitz John, and many other nobles, are taken by O'Brien and M'Namara[?] of Thomond, on the 6th Ides of July (July roth), in the Abbey
of
Friar of the Hospital of St. John of Jerusa- lem in Ireland was appointed Chancellor, May 25, 1368 — Rymer, vol. iii. p. 847. Richard Cruys and Nicholas Waffre, who were amongst the prisoners taken by the Birminghams, gave for their ransom ten marks, a hauberk, and a salet worth five marks — they were allowed
ten marks from the Treasury Rot. Cl. 48
Ed. III. 16. R ibert Tyrrell's ransom amount- ed in money, horses, and armour to £100, he was allowed £53 6*. Sd. from the Treasury. Ibid. 76.
b Templum S. M. de Trim — The Monas- tery of the Blessed Virgin of Trim. On the 6th September, 1400, Henry IV. granted let- ters patent to this house, taking into his protec- tion all persons, whether Irish rebels or liege subjects, coming to it on pilgrimage in honour of the Virgin, thereby confirming an ancient
X
pri vilege of immunity of such pilgrims from all suits of the king, of the lords of Meath, or of any other person whatsoever. These letters were confirmed on an inspeximus, 10th March, 1415 Rot. Pat. 2 Hen. V. 139.
c DeMagius — De Magio, scilicet Maii — Pemb. Monasternenagh.
d Mac Murde — Mac Comor — Pemb. Mac Coinard. — Marleburgh. Mac Commard. — Holinshed. On the 20th of March, 1372, Stephen Bishop of Meath had an order for £320 granted to him for having risked his life in various parts of Munster with men at arms in fighting and reducing to peace O'Breen of Tothemond, M'Conmarre, O'Maghirs, O'Dures, O'Molryans, Durleyns, Cauntons, and other rebels. — Rot. Cl. 46 Ed. III. 52. M'Comarre and his sept became the king's liege subjects, and were therefore attacked by 2
i56
ea de causa locus tenens omisso bello in Otothiles et Lagenia, eo se contulit. Obierunt D. Robertus Tiril Baro de Castleknock, uxor et Lores, quapropter Johanna et Maltidis soror diviserunt inter se patrimonium. Item obiit dominus Symon Flemyng baro de Slane D. Johannes Cusack baro de Colmolen et Jo. Tailor6 major quondam Dublin.
I394/ Ricardus 2US Hiberniam ingressus est anno regni sui 18° i° Octobris.
1 399. Idem Ricardus 20g ingressus est Hiberniam ultimo Maii, Regni 23°.
1407. In festo exaltacionis crucis apud Callam in comitatu Kildariae11, occi- duntur 3000 Hibernorum et Anglorum rebellium, et O'Carul eorum dux a D. Stephano Scrope deputato Thomae ducis Lancastriae locum tenentis Hiberniae.
1427. 17 [Octobris] obiit Geraldus1 fitz Mauritii, G. comes Kildarias sepultus in monasterio omnium Sanctorum.
1429. Arsit primum oppidum de Naas a Donato Kewanagh 26° Septembris.
1448. Obitus Roberti Flatisby armigeri vicecomitis Kildariae apud bellum de Donerist ij° Septembris.
1467. 15. Februarii decollates est Thomas comes Dessemonise apud Donta- nam, a Joanne comite Vigornias.
1478. Obiit Thomas comes Kildariae, Just. Hibernise.
I4i8.j Geraldus filius predicti comitis Kildariae obiit 3° Septembris qui de- putatus fuerat 33 annos; hie Hibernos egregie castigavit, eorumque loca mu- nita diruit; castella solo equavit, variis in locis colonias disposuit, oppidaque diruta refecit, arcesque in locis comodis construxit. Vir liberalis, strenuus, pius, et misericors.
1504. Prelium de Knoctowek comittitur a Geraldo predicto adversus Mac Willam de Burgo et Obrinios, 2a feria post festum Assumptions Marias.
Dominus
O'Brien, and their lands in Limerick were f 1394 King Richard landed at Water- plundered by him; the younger M'Comarre ford on the 2nd day of October, 1394 — Cox, assembled 400 men for his defence, and had p. 137. For this expedition see Froissart, an order for fifty marks May 7, 1374. — Rot. vol. ii. c. ccii., Berner's Transl. Cl. 48 Ed. III. 21. « 2° — See French Metrical History of the e Jo. Tailor. — Vir dives et potens in pecu- Deposition of King Richard, printed in Ar- niis. — Pemb. This is the last entry in Pern- chaeologia, vol. xx. of which a translation of the bridge's Annals. The remaining notices are part relative to the expedition into Ireland had entered in Grace's MS. without regard to been previously printed in Harris' Hibernica. chronological order. '' Callam in comitatu Kildarice — Callan in
of Magio, in the county of Limerick, and more were killed, on which account, the Lieutenant, leaving the war against the O'Tooles and in Leinster, betook himself thither. There died Sir Robert Tirrell, Baron of Castleknock, his wife and his heir, for which reason Joan, and her sister Matilda, divided the inheritance between them. Likewise died Sir Simon Fleming, Baron of Slane, Sir John Cusack, Baron of Culmullen, and John Tailor, sometime Mayor of Dublin.
1 394. Richard the Second entered Ireland in the eighteenth year of his reign, October i.
1 399. The same Richard entered Ireland a second time on the last day of May, in the twenty-third of his reign.
1407. On the Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross (September I4th), there were slain at Callam, in the county of Kildare, 3000 Irish and English rebels, and O'Carol, their captain, by Sir Stephen Scrope, Deputy of Thomas Duke of Lancaster, Lieutenant of Ireland.
1427. 1 7th of October, died, Gerald Fitz Maurice Fitz Gerald, Earl of Kildare. He was buried in the Monastery of All Saints.
1429. Town of Naas first burned by Donagh Kavanagh, September 26th.
1448. Death of Robert Flatisbury, Esquire, Sheriff of Kildare, at the battle of Donerisk on the second of September.
1467. i5th of February, Thomas Earl of Desmond is beheaded at Drogheda by John Earl of Worcester.
1478. Died, Thomas Earl of Kildare, Justiciary of Ireland.
I4i8-[i5i3?]. Gerald, son of the aforesaid Earl of Kildare, died September 3, who had been Deputy thirty-three years ; he greatly chastised the Irish, and destroyed their strongholds ; he levelled their castles to the ground, and settled colonies in divers places, and repaired ruined towns, and built forts in convenient places. A man liberal, bold, pious, and merciful.
1504. The battle of Knocdoe is fought by the aforesaid Gerald against M' William de Burgh and the O'Briens, on the Monday after the Assumption.
Lord
com. de Kilkenny — Marleburgh. J 1418. — Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare,
1 Geraldus — John, the sixth Earl of Kil- died September 3, 1513. — Archdall's Peerage,
dare, died 17th October, 1427, and was buried Leinster. The next entry shows that Grace
in the Monastery of All Saints, Dublin — was aware that he was alive in 1504.
Archdall's Peerage, Leinster. k Knoctowe. — Knockdoe is eight miles N.
i58
Dominus Leonardus1 Gray, filius Marchionis Gray, venit Justiciarius Hiber- nias. Hie primum in OfFalia adversus O Conor proficissitur, ubi [di]-ruit castrum Dingin vocatum cum reliquis omnibus ejus regionis.
2° expeditionemm fecit in M°Goyghigan et O Mulinoy, vastavitque regionem y Doyn, obsidesque ab omnibus iis suscepit et ab O Malaghlin.
3° Profectus est O Karull per Ofaliam, a quibus dirutis castris obsides accepit ; unde profectus est per regionem Ymabrean versus Limericum, cepitque obsides a comite Dessimonie et ejus sequaribus ; dein in O Brein proficissitur, ubi fregit magnum pontem vocatum pontem O Brene cum duobus castris adjunctis. Inde versus Galway iter suscepit in quo suscepit obsides a Ricardinis aliisque burgen- sibus et ceteris adjunctis. Multocies egrie [egregie] castigavit Birnes et Toules Rananos et Moros. Postea vero cum magnates Ultoniae, scilicet O Ne[al] O Donel Clannyboy cum Scotis de Glynny junctis viribus vaderent colonias Anglorum multaque damna inferrent, hie eos sequutus [est] usque vadum voca- tum Biayllaho prope confines Ferny ubi magnam eorum stragem edidit in fugam actorum 2° Decembris.
[LES LACYES ET LES BURKEINS.]
1242. Obiit Hugo Laicius comes Ultoniae, relicta filia que nupsit Waltero Bourck, domino Connaciaa.
Hugo Laicius senior, filios habuit Gualterum et Hugonem. Gualterus genuit Gilbertum, qui genuit Margaretam et Matildam ; Margareta nupsit Theobaldo de Werdon11, qui genuerunt Theobaldum, qui genuit Joannam, Margaretam et Isa- bellam ; Johanna nupsit Thomae Furneval0 ; Elizabetha Bartholomeio Burwiche ;
Margareta
E. of the town of Galway. See a curious ac- "' 2° expeditionem. — The words " circa an-
count of this battle in the Annals of the Four num 1536" are written in the margin of the
Masters, A. D. 1504. MS. in the same hand as the text.
' Dominus Leonardus. — For the conduct of " Theobaldo de Werdon. — Margaret de Lacy
Lord Leonard Gray, son of the Marquis of married John de Verdon. In this pedigree a
Dorset, as Lord Deputy of Ireland, see Ware's generation is omitted.
Annals, A. D. 1536, 1539, and his Original ° Thonue Furneval — The eldest of the two
Letters printed in the State Papers, part iii. daughters and coheirs of Thomas Nevil, Lord
'59
Lord Leonard Gray, son of the Marquis Gray, came Justiciary of Ireland. First, he goes into OfFaly against O'Conor, where he destroyed the castle, called the Dengan, with all the others of his country.
Secondly, he made an expedition against M'Geoghegan and O'Mulloy, and wasted the country of O'Dunn, and took hostages from them all, and from O'Melaghlin.
Thirdly, he went against O'Carol through Ofaly, from whom, after he had destroyed their castles, he received hostages; from thence he went through O'Brien's [Arra's] country towards Limerick, and took hostages from the Earl of Desmond and his followers ; then he goes against O'Brien, where he broke the great bridge called O'Brien's Bridge, with two castles adjoining. Thence he took his journey towards Galway, in which he took hostages from the Rickards and other townsmen, and the rest of the confederates. He frequently severely chastised the Byrnes and Tooles, the Ronans [?] and Moores. Afterwards when the lords of Ulster, to wit O'Neal, O'Donnel, Claneboy, with the Scots of the Glyns, were going with their united forces against the English colonies and were doing much mischief, he pursued them to the ford called Beallyhoe, near the borders of Ferny in Monaghan, where he slaughtered many of them, and put the rest to flight on the 2nd of December.
[THE DE LACYS AND THE DE BURGHS.]
1242. Died, Hugh de Lacy, Earl of Ulster, leaving an only daughter who married Walter Burgh, Lord of Connaught.
Hugh de Lacy the elder had two sons, Walter and Hugh. Walter begat Gil- bert, who begat Margaret and Matilda ; Margaret married Theobald de Verdon, who begat Theobald, who begat Joan, Margaret, and Isabella; Joan married Thomas Furnival ; Elizabeth married Bartholomew Burghersh ; Margaret mar- ried
Furnival, was the first wife of the famous John de Valence, was Lord of Wexford; wherein,
Talbot, first Earl of Shrewsbury, who, as one says Finglas, " dwell many good English gen-
of the representatives of the Earl Marshall, tlemen ;" by this marriage the blood of the
through Elizabeth Comyn, daughter of Joan Verdons and the De Lacyes was brought into
i6o
MargaretaGulielmo de Blamid ; Isabella Henrico Ferreis, de quibus q [quinque?] filiabus, Bedlowe, Fleming, Cruce, Holywod et GiiFard perquisierunt omnes ter- ras suas in Hibernia. Matilda nupsit Galfrido Genivile, qui genuerunt Galfri- dum, Petrum, et Simonem. Galfridus obiit sine filio. Petrus genuit Johannam, que nupsit Rogero Mortimero. Simon duxit Johannam fitz Lenes domine de Culmolin qui generavit Nicholaum; is autem genuit Johannam, que nupsit Johanni Cusack de Beawrepre. Predicti Simon et Johanna habuerunt quinque filias ; prima nupsit Johanni Husee, Baroni de Galtrim ; 2a nupsit Gulielmo de Landres de Athboi ; 3a baroni de Slane ; 4 Gualt. de la Hide ; 5** Johanni Cruce de Nail. Hugo 2US filius comitis unam filiam habuit, que nupsit Gualtero Burgo Domino Connacice.
1244. Gualterus Burck factus est comes Ultoniag.
1326. Die martis ante festum S. Petri ad vincula, obiit Ricardus Burgo, comes Ultoniae, et dominus Connaciae, apud Athesell ; vir prudens, facetus, dives, sapiens, senex admodum. Filias suas honorifice locavit, unam Roberto Brusio regi Scotorum; 2am comiti Gloverniae; tertiam comiti Kildarise; 4am comiti Louth ; 5amMauritio fitz Thomas comiti Dessemoniae ; 6am domino ThomseMulton.
I333- Gulielmus comes Ultoniae interficitur, et fuit eodem tempore captus Rogerus Mortimer comes Marchias apud Nottingham, Londini suspenditur.
BUTLERII.
1285. 6° Kalendas Octobris obiit Theobaldus Butler in castro de Arclo, sepultus ibidem in conventu fratrum.
1299. 2° Idus Mai* °kiit filius ejus Theobaldi Theobaldus, in manerio suo de Turvey sepultus apud Oven.
1321. Edmundus fitz Theobaldi moritur Londini, corpus ejus defer tur ad Balegavan [Balligawran?] in Ossoria.
1327.
the noble family of Talbot. Finglas says, that Lord Furnival and others, in the time of
the Baron of Slane, Sir Robert Hollywood, Richard II Harris's Hibernica, p. 85, 8vo.
Sir John Cruse, and Sir John Bedlowe, pur- Ed. In the MS. collections of Christopher
chased certain manors in Meath, parts of the Cusack, of Gerardstown, who was contempo-
manor of Loghseudy, in Westmeath, from the rary with Grace, is the following :
ried William de Blamid [Blound~\ ; Isabella married Henry de Ferrers, from whose Jive daughters, Bedlowe, Fleming, Cruce, Holy wood, and Giffard, ac- quired all their lands in Ireland. Matilda Lacy married Geoffry Geneville, who begat Geoffry, Peter and Simon. Geoffry died without a son. Peter begat Joan, who married Roger Mortimer. Simon married Joan Fitz Leons, Lady of Culmullin, who begat Nicholas ; but he begat Joan who married John Cusack, of Beaurepayr. The aforesaid Simon and Joan had five daughters ; the eldest married John Hussey, Baron of Galtrim ; the second married William de Loundres, of Athboy ; the third, the Baron of Slane ; the fourth, Walter De la Hide ; the fifth, John Cruce of the Nail. Hugh, the second son of the earl, had one daughter, who married Walter de Burgh, Lord of Connaught.
1244. Walter de Burgh is made Earl of Ulster.
1326. On Tuesday before the feast of St. Peter ad vincula [Aug. i], died Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster and Lord of Connaught, at Athassel ; a man prudent, witty, rich, wise, exceedingly old. He married his daughters honoura- bly, one to Robert Bruce, King of Scots ; the second, to the Earl of Gloucester ; the third, to the Earl of Kildare ; the fourth, to the Earl of Louth ; the fifth, to Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Desmond ; the sixth, to Sir Thomas Multon.
1333. William Earl of Ulster is killed; and at the same time Roger Morti- mer, Earl of March, was arrested at Nottingham ; he is hanged at London.
THE BUTLERS.
1285. The sixth Kalends of October (September 26), died Theobald Butler in the Castle of Arklow, he was there buried in the Friary.
1299. On the second Ides (the i4th) of May, died Theobald, son of this Theobald ; he was buried in his manor of Turvey, at Owney (Abingdon).
1321. Edmund Fitz Theobald dies at London, his body is buried at Gow- ran, in Ossory.
1327.
" Memoranda; that this ben the namis of wome is cu Fleminge. Ferris, ofwome is co the heirs of ye prpart [purparty] of Myhth. Holliwod [and] Burnell. Blunt, of wome is Talbot, ofwome is cu Bedlew. Burwis of cu Cruc' et Giffarte." — MS. Trin. Coll. Dub.
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. Y
T62
1327- 7 Idus Januarii obiit Jacobus Butler fitz Edmundi, primus comes Ormoniae, sepultus in templo Balligawran.
1383. In festo S. Lucse Evangelistse, obiit Jacobus Butler fitz Jacobi 2US comes Ormonise, in castro de Knocktoffur, sepultus in ecclesia cathedrali Kil- keniae.
1405. 20 Augusti, obiit Jacobus fitz Jacobi 3US comes, apud Balligawran, ibique sepultus.
1450. Obiit Jacobus quartus comes et deputatus Ricardi ducis Eboracencis, apud Ardell, sepelitur apud monacos Dublinii.
1467 [?]. Obiit Jacobus comes Ormonie 22° Augusti anno reg. Henrici 6' 3 1°.
1450 [?]. Obiit Jacobus fitz Jacobi 5US comes, et comes Ultonise, et thesau- rarius Anglie, sepelitur in Anglia.
T455 D1]- Joannes Butler comes 6US, iter suscepit in terram Sanctam, ubi mortuus est.
1515. 3° Augusti obiit Thomas Butler 7US comes, sepelitur in S. Thoma de Acres Londini ; hi autem tres postremi fratres fuerunt, et filii Jacobi 41 comitis ; habuerunt etiam et 4m fratremp nomine Ricardum Butler, cui successit Ed- mundus, et Edmundo Jacobus, et Jacobo Petrus Butler, qui jam estq 8US comes Ormonias.
Jacobus Butler fit comes Ormoniae ab Edwardo 3° et eodem anno ab eodem, Mauritius fitz Thomas fit comes Dessemonias.
[GERALDINl].r
Obiit Geraldus films Maurici Justiciarius Hybernye, Anno Domini M°. cc. v.
] Mauricius films ejusdem Geraldi frater minor ac primus conventus mino- rum de"Yocally, Anno Domini M°. cc. vii.
Obiit
P 4111 Fratrem Richard, through whom knowledged as eighth Earl of Ormond. On
the line was continued, was son of James the the death of Thomas, seventh earl, in 1515,
third earl, and uncle of the three last earls, the earldom fell to this Peter as the surviving
Archdall's Lodge, Mountgarret, from which male representative of James, the third earl,
the dates in Grace's MS. have been corrected and he was so called until February, 1527,
in the translation. when he was created Earl of Ossory, and the
q Qui jam est. — This MS. must have been earldom of Ormond was conferred on Sir
written when Peter, or Piers, Butler was ac- Thomas Boleyn, father of Anne Boleyn, who
I 63
1327. On the yth Ides [the yth] of January, died James Butler Fitz Ed- mund, first Earl of Ormonde, he was buried in the Church at Gowran.
1383. On the feast of St. Luke the Evangelist [October 18], died James Butler Fitz James, second Earl of Ormonde, in the Castle of Knocktopher, he was buried in the Cathedral Church of Kilkenny.
1405. On the 20th of August died James Fitz James, third Earl, at Gowran, and was there buried.
1450. Died, James, the fourth Earl, and Deputy of Richard Duke of York, at Ardee, he is buried in the Monastery at Dublin.
i467-[i452?]. Died, James Earl of Ormonde, on the 22nd day of August, in the thirty-first year of the reign of Henry VI.
J45o-[i46i ?]. Died James Fitz James, fifth Earl, and Earl of Wiltshire, and Treasurer of England, he is buried in England.
I455~[i478 ?]. John Butler, sixth Earl, made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, where he died.
1515. The 3rd of August, died Thomas Butler, seventh Earl, he is buried in St. Thomas D' Acres in London ; but these three last were brothers, and the sons of James the fourth Earl ; they had also a fourth brother, by name Richard Butler, who was succeeded by Edmund, and Edmund by James, and James by Peter Butler, who now is eighth Earl of Ormonde.
James Butler was made Earl of Ormonde by Edward the Third, and on the same year and by the same King, Maurice Fitz Thomas was made Earl of Desmond.
[THE GERALDINES].
Died, Gerald, son of Maurice, Justiciary of Ireland, in the year of our Lord
M. cc. v. Died, Maurice, son of the same Gerald, a Friar Minor, and first founder of the
Convent of the Minors at Youghall, in the year of our Lord M. cc. [1] vii.
Died,
was descended from one of the heirs general tionof the government of Lord Leonard Gray, of John, the sixth earl. In February, 1537, p. 158, who was not Deputy until 1535, it is on Sir Thomas Boleyn's death, the title of plain that the MS. must have been written be- Ormond was restored to him and he enjoyed tween the years 1537 and 1539. it until his death in 1539. From the men- r [Geraldini] — This page of the Obits of
Y2
164
Obiit dominus Thomas filius ejusdem Maurici, Anno Domini M°. cc. Ix. Obiit dominus Ofelias, dominus Johanes filius Thome, primus fundator conven-
tus ordinis predicatorum de Traly, et dominus Mauricius filius ejusdem, qui
interfecti fuerunt in loco qui vocatur Callan in Dessmonia, Anno Domini
M°. cc. Ixx. et sepulti sunt in monasterio de Traly in boreali parte. Obiit dominus Thomas Mauricii, Anno Domini M°. cc. xc. vi. et sepultus in
medio Chori. Obiit Mauricius filius Thome primus comes Dessmonye, Anno Domini M°.ccc.lx.
aput Dublinya et Justiciarius Hybernye erat. Obiit dominus Mauricius filius Maurici, secundus comes Dessmonye, Anno
Domini M°. ccc. 1. vii.
Obiit dominus Johannes filius ejusdem comitis, Anno Domini M°. ccc. Ix. ix. Obiit dominus Geraldus filius Mauricii, Anno Domini M°. cccc. i. Obiit dominus Thomas filius Johannes comes Dessmonye in regno Francie civi-
tate Rothomag : in provincia Normonise, Anno Domini M°. cccc. xx. Obiit dominus Jacobus filius Geraldi comes Dessmonie, Anno Domini M°. cccc.
Ix. ii. [ ] dominus Thomas filius ejusdem Jacobi comes Desmonie et Justiciarius
Hibernie qui gladiis impiorum aput Drohudhahy occubuit, et pocius dicarn
martyr Christi8 efFectus est, Anno Domini M°. cccc. Ix. viij. [ ] dominus Jacobus primogenitus predicti Thome comes Dessimonye et
gladiis impiorum in curia de Ragely, Anno Domini M. cccc. Ixxx. vi. Obiit dominus Mauricius filius Thome comes Dessmonie in villa de Dageth,
Anno Domini M°. [ ] xx. ix.
[ ]-ra femina domina Morina Mykcarull comitissa, pro cujus anima recepit
sta advincula [adminicula] multa et varias elimosinas, M°. cccc. xl. viij. [ ] preclara femina domina Katherina Butler comitissa pro cujus anima
recepit conventus ista advincula [adminicula] multa et varias elismosinas
xvii Marcii M°. ccccc. liij.
Obiit
the Geraldines is written in a different hand s Martyr Christi — So difficult is it to eradi-
and ink from the Annals and Obits of the cate the long entertained opinions of the people,
Butlers, and seems to have been transcribed and those ideas of superior greatness which
from the Mortiloge of Askeaton, or of some they feel towards their favourite nobles, that
other house founded by the Desmonds. even in one hundred years after the fall of this
i65
Died, Sir Thomas, son of the same Maurice, in the year of our Lord M. cc. Ix. Died, the Lord of Ofaly, Sir John son of Thomas, first founder of the Convent of
the Order of the Preachers of Tralee, and Sir Maurice son of the same, who
were slain in a place which is called Callan, in Desmond, in the year of our
Lord M. cc. Ixx., and are buried in the Monastery of Tralee on the north
side. Died, Sir Thomas, son of Maurice, in the year of our Lord M. cc. xc. vi., and is
buried in the middle of the Choir. Died, Maurice, son of Thomas, first Earl of Desmond, in the year of our Lord
M. ccc. Ix., (1356?) in Dublin, and he was Justiciary of Ireland. Died, Sir Maurice, son of Maurice, second Earl of Desmond, in the year of our
Lord M. ccc. 1. vii.
Died, Sir John, son of the same Earl, in the year of our Lord M. ccc. Ixix. Died, Sir Gerald, son of Maurice, in the year of our Lord M. cccc. i. Died, Sir Thomas, son of John Earl of Desmond, in the realm of France, in
the city of Rouen, in the Province of Normandy, in the year of our Lord
M. cccc. xx. Died, Sir James, son of Gerald Earl of Desmond, in the year of our Lord
M. ccc. Ix. ii.
Died, Sir Thomas, son of the same James Earl of Desmond, and Justiciary of Ire- land, who was slain by the swords of the wicked at Drogheda, or shall I rather
say, was made a martyr of Christ, in the year of our Lord M. cccc. Ixviii. Died, Sir James, eldest son of the aforesaid Thomas Earl of Desmond; he was
slain by the swords of the wicked, in the house of Rathkeale, in the year of
our Lord M. cccc. Ixxx. vi. Died, Sir Maurice, son of Thomas Earl of Desmond, in the town of Dageth, in
the year of our Lord M. [cccc.] xx. ix. Died, the noble woman, the Lady Mary Mac Carroll, Countess, for whose soul
this convent received many gifts and various alms, M. ccccc. xlviii. Died, the noble woman, the Lady Katharine Butler, Countess, for whose soul
this convent received many gifts and various alms, xvii of March, M. ccccc .
liii.
Died,
family, we find the Irish army within the walls and threatened with the horrors of famine, con- of Limerick, when besieged by King William soling themselves with assurances of succour
1 66
Obiit dominus Thomas, filius Thome comes Dessmonie, in villa de Ragely*,
Anno Domini M°. . xxxiiij.
Obiit dominus Johanes filius Thome comes Dessmonie in villa de Traly, Anno
Domini M°. ccccc. xxxvi. Obiit Jacobus filius Johnes, comes Dessmonie et [ ] tressourarius Ibernie
Anno Domini M°. 500. 58. et sepultus apud Trale, cujus animas propiciatur
Deus.
from "one of the Earls of Desmonde that was carryed away by enchantment." — Lynch's dyed above two hundred years agoe," and was Dignities, p. 265, from Clarke's State Papers, secretly buried, but " who the Irish fancyed Trin. Coll. Dub.
167
Died, Sir Thomas, son of Thomas Earl of Desmond, in the town of Rathkeale,
in the year of our Lord M. [ccccc.] xxxiiii. Died, Sir John, son of Thomas Earl of Desmond, in the town of Tralee, in the
year of our Lord M. ccccc. xxxvi. Died, James, son of John Earl of Desmond, and High Treasurer of Ireland, in
the year of our Lord M. 500. 58. and is buried at Tralee, on whose soul the
Lord have mercy.
1 Ragely Rathkeale is called Rath Caela name is now pronounced Rath Gaela by the
in the Annals of the Four Masters, and the Irish speaking peasantry.
APPENDIX.
169
APPENDIX.
No. I.
rMHE following list of the Cistercian Abbeys in Ireland is copied from a MS. (E. 3, 8, p. 65) in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. It is in a handwriting of the seventeenth century, and has been apparently copied from some more ancient authority which is not given. The modern names, given in the last column, have been added by the Editor.
Anni fundationum Monasteriorum Cisterciensium Hibernise et contributiones eorum antique, ex. vet. cod. MS. de statutis bullis et aliis rebus ordinis Cisterc. Hibernite :
1148.
S. Mar. Dublin De Mellifont
:De Beatitudine De Valle Salutis De Buellio De Magio
XXs
xb
Fingall UrieU Middia Lagenia Conacia Momonia DeBenedictioneDei [Conacia] vis De Viridi Ligno Ultonia vis Momonia iiis Momonia xs Momonia iiis Momonia vis Ultonia Lagenia Momonia
XXs
xiii8 iiiid xiiis iiiid xiiis iiiid
Vlllu
d
De Kyrielyson
De Surio
De Castro Dei
De Fonte vivo
De Samerio
De Jeripont
De Choro Benedict!
8 1. De S. Cruce
82. De Portu S. Marise
83. De Lege Dei
IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3.
1111" viiid
iiis iiiid xiii5 iiiid iiis iiiid viiid
Momonia vis Lagenia viiis viii'
z
St. Mary's, Dublin. Mellifont, Louth. Bective, Meath. Baltinglas, Wicklow. Boyle, Roscommon. Monaster Nenagh, Limerick. Athlone, Roscommon. Newry, Down. Odorney, Kerry. Inislounagh, Tipperary. Fermoy, Cork. Mawr., Cork. Inis Samer, Donegal. Jerpoint, Kilkenny. Middleton, Cork. Holycross, Tipperary. Dunbrody, Wexford. Abbeyleix, Queen's County.
1188.
170
n88. 1189. 1 190.
"93- 1198.
1 200.
1205.
1272.
De Inis De Rosea valle De Colle victorias De Jugo Dei
De mora
De Tintern
De Petra fertiii
Deb
De Kilbegan
De S. Salvatore
De Wethnia
De Granard
De Bello Cant.
De Claro fonte
De BaUiniornan in
Loghseudy De Rupe Cassel
Ultonia
Lagenia
Conacia
Ultonia
Ultonia
Lagenia
Momonia
Momonia
Middia
Lagenia
Momonia
[Lagenia]
Momonia
[Ultonia]
I Midia Momonia
VIs
xiiis
xiiis iiiid Inis Courcy, Down.
Monaster Evan, Kildare.
Knockmoy, Galway.
Gray Abbey, Down.
Cumber., Down.
Tintern alias De Voto Wexford.
Corcumroe, Clare.
Kilcooly alias De Albo Campo, Tip.
Kilbeggan alias De Flumine Dei.
Douske, Kilkenny.
Abingdon, Limerick.
Abbeylerha, Longford.
DeAlboTractu? Tracton, Cork.
Moycosquin, Derry.
Loghseudy, Westmeath. vis viiid Cashell, Tipperary.
No. II
THE following are the names of the persons, who had writ of summons to be at Kil- kenny on Monday in the Octaves of the Purification B. M. V., 1 309, " ad tractandum et parliamentandum cum Justiciario nostro Hiberniae et aliis de consilio et cum ceteris proceribus et magnatibus terrse nostrae."— From Rot. Pat. 3 Ed. II. 44, 45. See note k,
p. 56.
Richard de Burgo, Earl of Ulster; John de Barry, John de Cogan, Maurice de Carru, Maur. de Rocheford, John le Poer de Donyl, John le Whyte Poer, David de Sancto Albino [St. Aubyn or Tobyn~], Richard Tuyt, Ph. de Maundevill, Walter de Sey, Wil. de Fytz Waryn, Tho. le Fytz Water, Pagan de Eledonne, Rob. Persone, Nich. le Blund, Wil. Strangbowe, Mat. de Caunteton, Wil. de Caunteton, Reym. Lercedekene, Nich. de Curcy, Ph. de. Barry de Carrygdonegan, Ph. de Barry de Kalbam [Kalbarri, Lynch's Dign], Rob. de Barry, Wil. de London [Lounctres,~] Baldewyn le Flernyng,
Edm.
a Comber, al. Comerer. ?
Kilrowl.?
Edm. de Penbrok, Hugh Byset, Peter de Maundevill, Rog. de Sancto Bosco [Holy- wood], Nich. de Kylkenan [Kyltenan, Lynch], Walt. Sareryn [Sarefyn, Lynch], Hug. de Balydonenald [Balydovonald, Lynch], Henr. of Clogher, Ric. le Waleys, Jac. de Ketyng, Rich, de Valle, Walt, de Valle, Wil. de Sancto Leodegario St. Leger, Walt, le Bret, Wil. de Burgo, Jordan de Exonia \JDexter], Jordan de Exonia, Junior; Simon Feypo, Rich. Taaf, Wil. Taaf, John Fitz Martin de Maundevill, Adam de Legan [Logan, Lynch], Ph. de Borgnei [Lorquei Lynch], Hen. le Flemyng, John Scargyll [Sargyl], Tho. le Taillur, Sim. le Genvill, Rich, de Exonia, Nigel le Brun, John de Staunton, Walt, de Lacy, Hugh de Lacy, John Tuyt, Rich, fitz John, Walt, de Cusak, Tho. de Maundevill, Hugh Byset, Matt, fitz Hugh de Hanewode, John fitz Alan de Logan, Milo de Eldoune, John Talbot, Rich, le Savage, Wil. Calf, Alan de Insula [Lisle], John de Bonevyl, Galf. le Bret, Regin. Russel, Ph. Cristofre, Milo de Curcy, Nich. fitz Maurice, George de Rupe [Roche], Wil. de Rupe, John fitz Thomas Lengleys, John Byset, Alan fitz Warin, Wil. Byset, Rich. Slemeryche, Milo de Swerdes, Hub. Byset, Hub. le Waleys, John de Langeton, John Pyngebek.
No. III.
See note i, p. 83.
REX dilectis et fidelibus suis Justic', Cancellario et Thesaurario suis Hibern' Salu- tem. Ex parte populi nostri terre predicte per peticionem suam coram nobis et consilio nostro exhibitam nobis est cum instancia supplicatum quod cum in terra ilia lex talis habeatur, videlicet quod Anglicus de morte Anglici, latrocinio, incendio vel depreda- cione cujuscunque rei, valorem xii denariorum et unius oboli attingentis vel excedentis convictus, ultimum supplicium subire debeat; Hibernicus vero de morte Anglici, vel incendio convictus idem paciatur judicium, set Hibernicus de latrocinio vel depreda- cione cuicunque Anglico vel Hibernico facto convictus ad voluntatem sui judicis relin- qui solet redimendus, vel ultimo supplicio condempnandus ; per quam quidem legem, dum in terra predicta legitime fuit observata, crevit populus Anglicanus ibidem et mul- tiplicabatur, possessionesque et terminos matris Ecclesie dilatavit ibidem ; postquam vero Justic' parcium illarum auctoritatem sibi sumentes, rectatos de feloniis pro modico, aliquando pro nichilo, redimi fecerunt, et permittebant, videlicet, capiendo pro morte Anglici felonice interfecti, depredacione et latrocinio, centum librarum [libras?] vel centum, quadraginta, vel viginti, solidorum [solidos] cujus pretextu maleficiis [malefac-
Z 2 toribus?]
172
toribus?] sub spe hujusmodi facilitatis venie delinquendi audaciam sumentibus, homi- cidia, depredaciones, incendia et alias felonias perpetrantibus, cessarunt in plerisque locis agriculture, et mercandise plus solito deciderunt, sic ipsa terra per felones Anglicos et Hibernicos, qui sub spe hujusmodi venie, ac eciam pro eo quod fideles hujusmodi felo- nes indie tare, nee de eis in judicio verum dicere non audent, ne pro suo veredicto per eosdem felones, pro hujusmodi redempcione dimissos, occidantur seu destruantur, homi- cidia, incendia, latrocinia et depredaciones committere non verebantur, nee adhuc ve- rentur, in immensum est destructa, populusque, sub pace et lege nostra vivere cupiens, loca, in quibus morari solebat, evacuans, ea felonibus hujusmodi mala perpetrantibus, ut est dictum, reliquit, per quod ecclesia sancta, que observata pace et lege predicta, suos limites longe lateque diffuderat, rogante [vigente ?] hujusmodi malicia quasi penitus est destructa; ordinare vellemus, quod in terra predicta quolibet anno semel teneatur parliamentum, et quod si pro morte Anglici de cetero felonice interfecti, vel incendio i'acto, redempeio seu pardonacio supplicetur a justic' terre illius, tune ipsa non, nisi in Parliamento et de consensu consilii et fidelium nostrorum ibidem, concedatur; et pro ilia redempcione adminus centum librarum [libra??] pro latrocinio vero vel depreda- cione valoris [valorem] undecim [duodecim ?] denariorum et oboli attingens vel earn excedens [attingente vel eum excedente?] de cetero perpetratis, ad opus nostrum qua- druplum capiatur, et quod hujusmodi felones a gaola non deliberentur, donee pecunia predicta in scaccario nostro fuerit persoluta.
Nos igitur Sancte Ecclesie indempnitati et populi nostri terre predicte commodo et quieti in hac parte juxta consilium Fidelium nostrorum parcium illarum prospicere volentes, ut tenemur, vobis mandamus quod convocatis Archiepiscopis, Episcopis Abba- tibus, Prioribus, Comitibus, Baronibus et Communitate terre predicte quam cito com- mode poteritis, habitisque super premissis, et eorum omnium consilio et avisamento, si ad unum condescendere voluerint ; vel requisite per breve nostrum sub sigillo, quo utimur in partibus illis, discreciorum prelatorum et magnatum nostrorum parcium illarum separatim consilio, si ex causa legitima convenire non possunt, racionesque singulorum nominatim inserendo, super quo vel quibus viderint terram predictam uberius populo nostro tranquilla pace multiplicari, ipsumque populum qua lege et consuetudine fore pertractand', an videlicet lege prenotata, vel remedio supradicto statuendo de pardona- cione facienda in parliamento ; Nos de eo quod in hac parte per vos et dictos Fideles nostros super premissis, ut predictum est, contigerit diffiniri sine dilacione aliqua cer- tificetis sub sigillo nostro predicto, ut inde certiorati, ulterius inde de consilio nostro taliter ordinemus, quod ex hoc timor incutiatur delinquentibus, ac populus noster terre
predicte melius valeat prosperari ; remittentes nobis hoc breve T. R. apud Lincol' viii.
die Augusti, an. loEd. II. 1316. Per petitionem de Consilio — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 293.
No. IV.
'73
No. IV.
Note n, p. 12 7.
NAMES of Persons summoned to attend John Darcy, Justiciary, with arms and horses in his Expedition to Scotland in 1335 — Rymer, vol. ii. p. 906. Multa renascentur, quae jam cecidere, cadentque Quae nunc sunt in honore vocabula.
HOR. Art. Poet. 70.
James le Botiller, Earl of Ormond. Maurice Fitz Thomas, Earl of Dessemond.
Simon de Genevill. Richard Tute. Nicholas de Verdon. Francis Feypo. Henry de Vernoill. Richard Tyrel. John de Crany. Reiric Fitz Rery. Jordan de Ardis [Dardys]. John de Brit. Richard de Ardis. Theobald de Vernoill. Milo de Verdon. Matthew de Bath. Simon Fitz Richard. Elias de Assheburn. Thomas de Wogan. William de Rocheford. Morty Fitz Geraud. Walter Lenfaunt. John de Wellesle. Walter de Bermyngeham. John Moriz. Gerard de St. Michel. John Lenfaunt. Laurence Calf.
Henry de la Harve.
Edmund Ercedeken.
William Ercedeken.
John de Blaunchevil.
Eustace Power.
David Beket.
Roger de Pembrok.
Philip Purcel.
John Maunsill.
Adam de Loundres.
John de Drayton.
Gilbert de Bermyngeham.
John Fitz Robert Power.
John de St. Obyn.
Maurice Fitz Nicholas.
Thomas Fitz Gilbert.
Maurice Fitz Philip.
Thomas de Lees.
Robert Fitz Matthew de Kaunton.
Gerald de Rocheford.
George Power.
Matthew Fitz Henry.
David Fitz David de Barry.
Henry de Maundevill.
Edmd. deBourke Abbynaght [ Albanact].
Herbert de Sutton.
John de Cogan.
Robert Sauwage — Knights.
Irewere
I74
Irewere O'Neel, of Ulvester. O'Conewhir, of Conaght. O'Breen, of Moulnester. O'Mak Murghothe, of Leynester. O'Molaghelyn, of Meath. O'Morth, of Leice. O'Conwhor, of Offali.
O'Raghele [O'Reilly].
Magoghgane.
Hen. O'Neel.
O'Hanlon.
Mak Artane.
Mak Dermot.
O'Shynagh — Irish Chiefs.
Hugh Tirel.
Geoffry Trivers.
Robert Cruce.
Mahoun Cruce.
Geoffry Britte.
Robert Laweles.
John Cruce, of theNal.
John Graunset.
John Haket.
John Fitz Simon, of Clontulkan.
Arnald Clement.
Richard Fitz William.
Michael Mongomery.
William de Ferynglas.
Peter Harald.
William de Loundros [Loundres].
Herbert de la Mare.
John Tute, of Somagh [Sonnagh].
Luke de Nettrevill.
Henry Cruce, of Ottewel.
Thomas Fitz Owyn.
Henry Dilboun [Dillon].
Robert Tute.
John Fitz Richard Tute.
William Telyng.
Milo de Verdon.
Walter de la Hide.
Richard Fitz Richer.
Walter de Leyns.
John de Clynton.
Roger Gernoun.
Richard Taff, of Liscarton.
John de Haddesorce.
John Gernoun, of Killyngkole.
Richard Taff, of Castleomenaght.
Geraudyn de Clynton.
Peter de Cusak.
Robert Fitz Morice.
William le Fitz Eustace.
Henry de la Nasch.
Simon de Sutton.
John Fitz Eustace.
Simon de Flatersbury.
Henry Calf.
Walter de Rocheford.
John de Hothom.
Hugh del Hide.
John de Vale.
David Cristofre.
Nicholas de la Hide.
Walter de Yale.
Fulco de la Freyne.
Oliver de la Freyne.
Thomas le Fitz Geroud.
Thomas de Cantewell.
John de Cantewell.
John Ercedeken.
William Ercedeken.
William
'75
William Graunte.
David Graunte.
John de Recheford, [Rochford].
Walter de Recheford.
William Outlawe.
William Grace.
Gilbert Shortall.
Meiler Scottot.
Philip Hendeberge.
Richard Baton [Dalton].
David Drule.
Geoffry Shortall.
Edmund de Bourk.
David de Bourke.
David de la Roche.
David de Bourke.
Henry Berkeley.
John Fitz Simon.
William Bagot.
Nicholas Ulfe [Wolfe].
Richard Wittey.
Hamund de Stafford.
John de Saint John.
John de la Roche, son of George de la Roche.
Reginald Nevel.
Ralph Meilar.
Stephen Deirons [Devrous ?].
Milo de Courcy.
William de Barry de Raweram.
William Fitz David de Barry.
Richard de Wynchedon.
John Sarsefield de la Belagh.
John Fitz David de Sarsefield.
Thos. Fitz Richard Barret, of Dessemond.
William Brisky.
Richard le Bourke, of Foroweth.
Richard de Bourke.
John Deicester, Lord of Alehane.
William de Prendregest.
Robert Gamard,
Robert Baret le Fitz Batyn Baret.
Robert Baret le Fitz Richard Baret.
William le Botiller.
Thomas Dolfyne.
John de Ridelefford.
William Fitz Richard de Bourke.
Theobald de Bourke.
Raymunde de Bourke.
William de Bourke de Armaght.
John de Sauvage.
John de Maundevill.
Ralph Logan.
Nicholas Taff. — Esquires.
No. V.
NAMES of holders of lands and ecclesiastical benefices in Ireland, resident in England, summoned to Westminster, Easter, 1361 Rymer, vol. iii. p. 610.
Humphry Earl of Northhampton. Ralph Earl of Stafford. Edward le Despenser. Walter de Manny.
Edward Mountagu. Almaric de St. Amand. Bartholomew de Burghersh. John de Crophull.
Nicholas
1/6
Nicholas Gernoun.
John de Bohun, of Midhurst.
John de Carreu.
William le Zouche, of Haryngworth.
Walter de Bermyngeham.
John Comyn.
John Wogan.
David Barry.
John Cornewaill.
Peter Malure.
John Mautravers.
The Heirs of deCaumvyll.
David de Strabolgi, Earl of Athol.
Thomas de Eoos.
Roger de Clifford.
Thomas de Furnyvall.
Thomas de Lucy.
Edmund Laurence.
John de Tibetot.
John de Erlee.
John de Bromwych.
James de Stafford.
Stephen Mareys.
William de Morle.
Richard de Stafford.
William de Ferrers.
Maria Countess of Norfolk.
Eleanor Countess of Ormond.
Anne la Despenser.
Philippa Countess de la March.
Joan de Fitz Wauter.
Agnes Countess of Pembroke.
Maria de St. Paul, Countess of Pembroke.
Margery de Roos.
Matilda Countess of Oxford.
Katharine Countess of Athol.
The Prior of Malvern.
The Abbot of St. Augustine, of Bristol.
The Abbot of Oseneye.
The Abbot of Foure.
The Prior of Lanthony, near Gloucester.
The Prior of Lanthony, in Wales.
The Prior of Cartimel.
The Prior of Christ Church, Canterbury.
Master Reymond Peleryn.
Master John Briane.
Master William Criour.
William deWynterton.
William Sond.
William de Bromle.
Henry de Sneyth.
Master Maurice de Bermyngeham.
Master Hugh, Prebendary of Balymore.
Master Griffin de Cherleton.
The Prebendary of the Prebend of Dun-
lovan. The ladies and ecclesiastics had liberty to
send proxies.
INDEX.
INDEX,
Page.
A.
A BBEYLARA, Co. of Longford, 25, re. -L\- Abbeyleix, Queen's County, 17, 69, n. Abingdon, Co. of Limerick, . . . 23, n.
, or Owney, 161
Adrian IV., Pope, 7
Africanus, 5, n.
Agher Parese, Co. of Meath, ... 62
Alexander III., Pope, 7
Anglo- Irish and English dispute, . .133
Anlavus, 6, n.
Appendix, 169
Archdeacon Raymond, .... 121, 129 Archdeakin M'Odo or Cody, . . . .120 Armagh, Archbishop of, Fitz Ralph, con- test with mendicant Friars, . . . 149 Assize on bread first fixed in Ireland, 58, n.
Athenry, battle of, 73
Atordet, query Ardee, 65
Audley, James, Lord Justiciary, death of, 37 Avignon, 151
B.
Babe's or Robber's Bridgeonthe Boyne, 1 17, n.
Baclethan, 82, re.
Balibragan, now Bragganstown, . .113
Ballards or Pollards, 44, n.
Ballylinan, query Baclethan, . . . 82, re. IRISH ARCH. SOC. 3. 2
Page.
Ballyshannon or Athseanagh, . . 32, n. Beaurepayr or Belper, near Tara, . 68, n.
Becket, death of, 15
Bective or Degty, Co. of Meath, 20, n., 107, «. Belgic or Firbolg Colony, .... 4, re. Birmingham or M'Pheoris, ... 52, re.
, Sir William, hanged, . .125
, Walter, Justiciary, . .143
Bisset, 63, re., 77
Bonnarathe or Bunratty, Co. of Clare, 59, n.
Boyne River, 117
Bragganstown or Balebragan, Co. of
Louth, 112, re.
Braosa, William De, 23, re.
Bright or Brught, Co. of Down, . 76, re. Bruce, Robert, excommunicated, . . 97
, Edward, in Ireland, .... 63
, companions, list of, in
Barbour, 62, re.
, query ever returned to
Scotland, 71, re.
, killed, 95
— and Gib Harpur, . 95, n. Brus, father of Robert Bruce, ... 27
, Robert, in Ireland, . . 75, 109
in 1328, not
mentioned by Lord Hailes, . . . 110, re.
Burgo, De, 1302, 47, re.
A Butlers,
i78
Page.
Butlers, Obits of, 161
Butler, Edmund, Justiciary, . . . . 63 Bykenor, Archbishop of Dublin, . 102, n.
C.
Calixtus, St., Eve of, 131
Calwagh or Calvacus, murder of, . . 49 Canton, or Canteton, or O'Driscoll, 54, ». Capella, De, or Rupella, .... 32, w.
, Richard, Justiciary, . . 37
Carrick or Karrick, first title of But- lers, • . . . . 109, re.
Carrickfergus besieged by Bruce, . 75, n. Castledermot, Co. of Kildare, . . 81, w. Castlekevin, Co. of Wicklow, ... 55
Cavanaghs, 70, n.
Charleton, Sir John, Justiciary, . . .131 Charleton, Bishop of Hereford, Justiciary, 131
Chepstow or Strangul, 9
Chiefs, list of, attending Edward II., 49, n.
__, summoned by Henry III., 33, n.
Churches used as places of compact in
temporal affairs, 112, n.
Cistercian Houses, 12, w.
Abbeys, list of, . . . 167, Ap.
Citaragus, or Sihtric, 6
Cody formerly Archdeakin, . . . 120, n.
Cogan, Milo, 16, re.
Coinage, first, of Edward I. in Ireland, 39 College-green, Dublin, formerly St. Mary
le Hogges, 108, re.
Comin, John, 75, n.
Composte'.la, St. James of, Pilgrimages
to 98, w.
Connaught, 5
Connel Castle, 83
Connor, or Coyners, or Coigners, . 64, n.
Courcy, John De, 21, 22, n.
Coyne and Livery, first use of, . . 116, n. Croftes or Custes, Hugo De, ... 87, w.
Page. Croxden, Cistercian, Monastery of, . 16, n.
Cusake, Walter, 68, n.
of Killeen, 153, n.
D.
Dangan or Dengin, Co. of Meath, . 24, n.
Darcy, John, Justiciary, 125
, for life, . . .133
marries Countess of Kildare, 115
expedition to Scotland, and
list of names of followers, . . 173, Ap. De Burghs and De Lacys, . . . .159 De la Freigne, families of, ... 153, re. De la Hyde of Moyclare, family of, 153, n.
De Lacys, 159
Dela Lande, of O'Fervil or O'Ferral, Co.
of Longford, 66, re.
Dene, William, Justiciary, .... 37 Desmond, Earl of, introduces the use of
Coyne and Livery, 1 1 6, re.
Desmond, Earl of, his bailsmen, . . .139
, Maurice, his verses, . 137, re.
, Fitz Thomas, Justiciary, 145
, first Earl,
Obits, 165
Dexter, Exeter or M' Jordan, . . . . 61
Diola and Sons, 5
Doget, now Duckett, 40, re.
Dominicans, Ill, w.
Don or Thomas of Down, . . . 88, re., 89
Donat, death of, 9
Dublin, University of, 97
, ancient walls of, .... 79, n.
Duckett, formerly Doge, Doget, or Do-
ket, 40, n.
Duff, Adam, a heretic, 107
Dunan, Bishop of Dublin, .... 7 Dunboyne, family of Butlers of, . .114, n. Dunbrody or De Portu, . . . . 16, re.
Durrow, King's County, 19
E.
Page.
E.
Edward I. first coinage in Ireland, . . 39
Edward II., Irish Chiefs attending, . 49, n.
intention of taking refuge in
Ireland, 104, n.
Eivers or Ivars, . . . 6, n.
Epiphany, storm on, 1324, . . . 100, n.
Exeter, Dexter or M'Jordan, . . 61, n.
F.
Fennok Abo, cry of, 73
Finae, Co. of Westmeath, .... 121, n. Firbolgs or Belgic Colony, ... 4, n. Fitzacory, Fitzalfred, or Fitzalured, 24, n. Fitzavery, Lord of Dengin, .... 25 Fitz Geffrey, John, Justiciary, . ib.
Fitz Gerald, Justiciary, . . . . 31, n.
, Maurice, death of, . . . 35
Fitz Henry, Meiler, 18, n.
Fitz Maurice, Maurice, 37
Fitz Ralph, Archbishop of Armagh, con- troversy with Mendicant Friars, . 149 Fitz Roger, Prior of Hospitallers, . . 39 Fitz Warren, family of, .... 86, n. Four Courts in Dublin, site of, . . 79, n. Foure, Abbey of, Co. of Westmeath, 24, n. Freynestown Church burned, . . . .123 Fulborn, Friar Stephen, Justiciary, . . 41
G.
Galoglasses, 71, w.
Gandias, 5
Gelasius, first use of Pall, 15
Geneville, Geoffry De, Justiciary, . . 37
, a monk at Trim, 54, n.
Genevilles and De Lacys, connexion of, 46, n.
Gennadius, 5
Geraldines, Obits of, 163
Gergesius, 6
2A
Page.
Gernon, John and William, . . . .113 Gille, Camvinelagh or Wryneckt, . 32, n.
Glandilore, 38, n.
Gloucester or Glovernia, .... 27, n.
Goderic, 7
Gowran, Baliganam, 8J
Grain, prices of, .... 57,87, 118, n. Gray, Lord Leonard, Justiciary, . . . 159
H.
Halfpenny, family of, standard bearers, 137, n.
Hardy, William, first Master of Dublin University, 97
Harper, Gib, and Edward Bruce, . 95, n.
Havering, Archbishop of Dublin, his dream, 50, n.
Henry II., 7
, lands in Ireland, . . . . 15
Henry III., Chiefs summoned by, . 33, n.
Hereford, Bishop of (Charlton), Justi- ciary, 131
Heremon and Hiberus, 5
Hiberus, 5
Hogeline, query Ugolino, .... 52, n.
Holy wood or Santobosco, Co. of Dublin, 66, n.
Holy wood, family of, Artane, . .153, n.
Hose, Hugo De, or Hussey, ... 74, n.
Hospitalers receive Templars' lands, . 61
Huntingdon, David Earl of, ... 13, n.
Hussey, families of, 74, n.
I.
Ifars, 6, H.
Imayle or Oimaill, Co. of Wicklow, 72, n.
Ines, Abbey of, in Ulster, 19
Innislounagh or De Surio, Co. of Tip-
perary, 17
Isterige, 7
Ivor or Ivors, 6, n.
2 J-
i8o
J.
Page.
Jack, Maurice, 97
Jerpoint or Seripoint, Co. of Kilkenny, 17 John, Prince, lands first in Ireland, . . 19 John, King, assize of bread, ... 58, n. Joinville, Jean De, 37, n.
Kavanagh's County, Co. of Carlow, 120, n. Kells, Co. of Kilkenny, . . . .105,71.
, Co. Meath, 63
Kenles or Kells, 68, n.
Ketil, Alice, 101
Kildare, Earl of, Gerald, Deputy, . .157
, Earl of, Thomas, Justiciary, . 157
Kilkenny, parliament in 1310, ... 57
, summons to, ... 170, A p.
Kilcullen-bridge built, 97
L.
Lacy, Hugh De, killed, 19
_ and Walter concealed in
Abbey of St. Taurin, 25
, Walter De, death of, .... 31
, Matilda De, and Genevilles, . 46, n.
Lacys, De, and De Burghs, .... 19 Lahay, William, Justiciary, .... 43
Lanfranc, Archbishop, 7, 9
Ledin, query, 82, n.
Ledwiche, different spellings of, . .114, n. Leeke, De, Archbishop, . . . . 96, n.
Leinster or Laginia, 5
Leixlip, 29
Le Poer, Baron of Donnoil, ... 83, n.
Lerha or Abbeylara, 25
Liffey frozen over 1338 131
Limerick founded by Ifars, .... 7 Longespee, Stephen, Justiciary, ... 35 Loughseudy or Loughsendy, County of
Westmeath, 66, n.
Page.
Louis, St., 35, n.
Lucy, Sir Anthony, Justiciary, . . .121
M.
Mabestown, 117, n.
M'Auley, 6, n.
M'Brene or M'Brian, 148, n.
M'Carthy More, death of his son, . 132, n. M'Hale, query M'Kele or M'Conghur, 77, n.
M'ltterick, 6, n.
M'lvor, ih.
M'Murroughs or Cavanaghs, . . 70, n. M'Pheoris or Birmingham, . . . 52, n. M'Somerlid or M'Soerli killed, . . 32, n. Mandevilles of Ulster, . . . . 38, n., 63 Marshall, William, the elder, death of, 27 , his daughters' por- tions, 26, n.
, genealogy, . . 28, n.
, burial place, . 30, n.
Maud, Empress, death of, 1 1
Mauses, a disease, query, 125
May owe, Thomas, 105, n.
Mell or Mellifont, Synod, 9
, Cistercian foundation, 12, n.
Milesius, 5
Mimi, Irish list of, 104, n.
Modius, a measure, 57, n.
Mortimer, Justiciary, 83
Munethus, 5
Munster or Momomia, ib.
N.
Nanagh or Monaghan, 143
Nangle, Adam, hanged, 117
Newpass, Co. of Westmeath, ... 90, n. Notingham, Robert, 79
O.
O'Birnes or O' Brines, Co. of Wicklow, 55
O' Bryan,
iSi
Page.
O' Bryan, Bryan 110, n., 117
O'Bugill or O'Cugill the Wryneck, 32, n., 33
O'Conachy, Christian 8, n.
O'Conghur, M'Kele, 77, n.
O'Conil, Barony of Connelloe, . .138, n. O' Conor of Geashill, King's County, . 49
O'Conyl in Limerick, 139
O'Cugill, or O'Boyle, or O'Bugill, . 32, n. O'Dempsey with Edward II. in Scot- land 49
O'Driscoll, or Canteton, or Canton, 54, n.
, Roger, 55
O'Farel's Country, 66, n.
O'Feral or O'Fervil, 89
O'Kensily or Hy Kinsellagh. . . . 120, n. O'Melaghlin, territories of, . . . 41, n.
O' More or O'Morda, 140, n.
, invasion of, by Darcy, . .141
O'Nel or O'Neill summoned by Henry
III., and list of attendant Chiefs, . 33, n. O' Nolan, Country of, Co. of Carlow, 99, n.
O'Tooles, 70, n.
Olaf, 6, n.
Onlof, ib.
Ormonde, first Ear! of, 109
, Earl of, James, Justiciary, . 149
Ossory, Bishop of, accusation of Arnold Power and Roger Cutlawe, . . .Ill
Ostmans, 7
Owney or Abingdon, 161
P.
Papiron, Cardinal, in Ireland, ... 9 Parliament, first, in Ireland, query, . 56, n. Patrick, Bishop of Dublin, . . . . 7, 9 Patrick, St., Church, in Dublin, ... 79
Perceval, 47
Pestilence in 1348, 143
Petit, William, 27
Petronilla of Meath, .... .101
Page.
Pippard, Roger, death of, 29
Pollards or Ballards, 44, n.
Prendergast, 67, ».
Preston, family of, Gormanstown, . 153, H.
Prices of grain, &c., . . . 125, 128, ;/.
R.
Ragely or Rathkeale, 107
Randon or Randown, Co. of Rosconi-
mon, now St. John's, .... 66, n. Ricardus, Rex, mistake in MS., . 20, n.
Richard II. in Ireland, 157
Rokeby, Sir Thomas, Justiciary, . . 143
, money difficulties, 146, n.
, Justiciary second time, 147
Rosglas or Monastereven, . . . 16, n. Rupella or De Capella, . . . . 31, n.
Ruthargus, 5
S.
St. Amand, Almaric De, Justiciary, . 149 St. John's, Co. of Roscommon, . . 66, n.
St. Mary le Hogges, 108, n.
St. Taurin of Evreux, Normandy, . 24, n.
St. Thomas's, Dublin, 20, n.
Salmon-leap, Leixlip, . . . 29, n., 80, n.
Sandales, family of, 77, n.
Sangandius, 5
Santobosco or Holywood, Co. Dublin, 66, n. Saunford or Stanford, Archbishop of
Dublin, Justiciary, - . 41
Savage, Robert, .... 144, n., 145, 151
Savages of Ulster, 63, n.
Scarcity in 1310 and 1331, &c., 57, 87, 119
Sherman, Kenwrick, 144, n.
Shilelagh, Co. of Wicklow, . . . 120, n.
Sihtric, 6, n.
Slamabus, 5
Sligo Castle built, 31
Strangul or Chepstow, 9
, Earl of, , . 13
Strongbow,
l82
Page. Strongbow or Strangbowe, lands in Ire-
land,
-, Richard, death of, , burial,
14, n. . 11 10, n.
. 9 77, n.
, Gilbert, death of, . .
Stuard, Alan,
Swethy, query Sneterby, 51
T.
Talbot of Malahide, 153, n.
Tallaght or Tamlact, 120, n.
Tassagard, Co. of Dublin, .... 59
Templars, imprisoned, 51
, lands given to Hospitallers, 61
Tenth of Ecclesiastical Revenue to Holy
Land, 41
Termon, a common prefix, . . . 33, n.
Thorgils 6, n.
Thurles, Urlase, or Urkyff, . . . 119, n. Thurlpolles or whales in River Dodder, 121
Torquil, 6, n.
Trim, Bruce comes near, . . . . 86, n.
, flood in Boyne at, 117
, St. Mary's, burned, 155
Troinis, John De, Justiciary, ... 37
Tuit, Richard, 25
Tullow, marvels of, 73
Turgesius 6, n.
Tyrrelspass, Co. of Westmeath, . . 86, n.
U.
Page.
Ufford, Robert D', Justiciary, . . 39, 141
, Sir Ralph, 135
Ugolino or Hogeline, 52, n.
Ulster or Ultonia, 5
Ulster, Countess of, ] 35
, Earl of, Lionel, Justiciary, . . 151
University of St. Patrick, . . . . 96, n.
Dublin, 97
Urkiss or Thurles, 119
V.
Valence, William De, half brother to
Henry III 27, n.
Verdon, Theobald, Justiciary, ... 63
, Milo, 117
Vesci, family of, 42, n.
Vesci, Justiciary, 41
W.
Waleran the German, 30, n.
Walker on Irish arms, 99, n.
Walter the Norman, ...... 9
Warwick, Earl of, black dog of Ar- dennes, 60, n.
Wellesley, 47, w., 107
Windsor, William De, Lord Deputy, 155 Wogan, Justiciary, 45
FINIS.
IRISH ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY.
PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1841.
I. The Circuit of Ireland ; by Muircheartach Mac Neill, Prince of Aileach ; a Poem written in the year 942 by Cormacan Eigeas, Chief Poet of the North of Ireland. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by JOHN O'DoNOVAN.
II. " A Brife Description of Ireland: Made in this year 1589, by Robert Payne vnto xxv. of his partners for whom he is vndertaker there." Reprinted from the second edition, London, 1590, with a Preface and Notes, by AQ.UILLA SMITH, M.D., M.R.I. A.
III. The Annals of Ireland; by James Grace of Kilkenny. Edited from the MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, in the original Latin, with a Translation and Notes, by the REV. RICHARD BUTLER, A. B., M. R. I. A.
IV. The Book of Obits and Martyrology of the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, com- monly called Christ Church, Dublin. Edited from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with Notes, by the REV. JOHN CLARKE CROSTHWAITE, A.M., Dean's Vicar of Christ Church Cathedral. In the Press.
PUBLICATIONS FOR THE YEAR 1842.
I. Cach Hluighi Racli. The Battle of Moira, from an ancient MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited in the original Irish, with a Translation and Notes by JOHN O'DONOVAN. Nearly ready.
II. " A Treatice of Ireland; by John Dymmok." Edited from a MS. in the British Museum, with Notes, by the REV. RICHARD BUTLER, A. B., M. R. I. A. In the Press.
III. The Annals of Multifernam ; from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by AQUILLA SMITH, M. D., M. R. I. A. In the Press.
IV. A Statute passed at a Parliament held at Kilkenny, A. D. 1367 ; from a MS. in the British Museum. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by JAMES HARDIMAN, Esq., M. R. I. A. In the Press.
V. An Account of the Tribes and Customs of the District of Hy-Many, commonly called O'Kelly's Country, in the Counties of Galway and Eoscommon. Edited from the Book of Leacan in the Library of the Royal Irish Academy ; in the original Irish, with a Translation and Notes, by JOHN O'DONOVAN. In the Press.
PUBLICATIONS SUGGESTED OR IN PROGRESS.
I. The Royal Visitation Book of the Province of Armagh in 1622, from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Diiblin. Edited by JAMES HENTHORN TODD, D.D., V. P. R.I. A., Fellow of Trinity College, and Treasurer of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
II. The Progresses of the Lords Lieutenants in Ireland; from MSS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin. Edited by JOSEPH HUBAND SMITH, Esq., M. A., M.R. I. A.
III. &opama. The Origin and History of the Boromean Tribute. Edited from a MS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin, with a Translation and Notes, by EUGENE CURRY.
IV. Cormac's Glossary ; in the original Irish. Edited, with a Translation and Notes, by JOHN O'DONOVAN.
V. "Registrum Coenobii Omnium Sanctorum juxta Dublin;" from the original MS. in the Library of Trinity College. Edited by JAMES HENTHORN TODD, D. D., V. P. R. I. A., Fellow of Trinity College, and Treasurer of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
The Council invite the attention of the friends of the Society and of Irish literature, to the plan already proposed in the original Prospectus, of publishing a Miscellany, in which such shorter Pieces as cannot conveniently be issued in a separate form, may from time to time appear. The Council will be thankful for any tracts or documents of this kind, which those who have access to public libraries, or family collections, may have the kindness to send them. Reprints of rare books relating to Ireland form a most important object of the Society's labours, and any such that may be entrusted to the Council for publication, will be used with the greatest possible care, and safely re- turned with 2-rateful thanks.
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Grace, James
Annales Hiberniae
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UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO LIBRARY
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